酶免四项再检标本检测结果分析

目的 对HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP酶免四项中再检标本检测结果进行追溯,分析造成再检的原因,为是否对单试剂阳性献血者进行永久屏蔽提供参考依据.方法 追溯分析2010年1月1日～2012年12月31日本站无偿献血者酶免四项再检标本2329例,用原试剂进行双孔再检的情况.结果 再检标本66.98％为阴性,阳性符合性仅为33.02％.阳性献血者中除抗-TP主要为双试剂阳性报废外,其他3项均以单试剂阳性报废为主,尤其是抗-HIV,单试剂阳性报废占87.10％.结论 单试剂阳性献血者永久屏蔽会造成一定比例合格献血者的流失.建议对单试剂阳性献血者实行暂时屏蔽,并定期追踪复查,复查阴性者可解除屏蔽,复查阳性者再进行永久屏蔽较为合理.     

鲎试剂灵敏度对细菌内毒素限量检查的影响

用λｂ值相同并经过复核符合药典规定而λｃ不同的鲎试剂,对处于细菌内毒素限量边缘的检品进行检查时,鲎试剂的灵敏度会影响结果判断。     

六味地黄丸中熊果酸含量测定的体会

六味地黄丸中熊果酸的含量测定采用薄层扫描的方法,收载于中国药典一部。1990年卫生部药品生物制品检定所曾对全国省级药检所及直辖市药检所采用会检的方式对六味地黄丸进行检验。     

血液采集过程中工作人员手指和献血手臂的质量控制及要求

<正>在采供血过程中护士手指消毒效果尤为重要,必须对护士手指进行有关项目检查,因为在采集制备过程中工作人员手指的消毒效果直接影响血液的质量,甚至会影响患者的输血反应。护士在采血前要对采血手指进行严格清洁消毒。采血后应做好处理工作,否则会影响血液质量,导致功亏一篑。在采集、制备中质量控制人员要对护士手指进行细菌监测,过程检     

拉曼光谱法在假药快检中的研究进展

假药的存在不仅严重影响了人们的用药安全和有效,而且干扰了正常的商业与社会秩序,对假药的预防和打击已刻不容缓。近年来,拉曼光谱技术因其独特的优势在假药快检中的应用逐渐增加。本文简述了拉曼光谱法用于假药快检的优点,结合对拉曼光谱预处理、定性与鉴别分析方法的概述,对拉曼光谱法在假药快检中的应用进行了综述,并展望了拉曼光谱在假药快检领域的应用前景。     

小瞳检影在青少年近视眼普查中的应用

小瞳检影是在小瞳孔存在调节的情况下进行检影，由于调节力的影响，往往使检影的结果与实际屈光度数有一定的差距，尤其是青少年因调节力比较强，差异则会更大，因此青少年一般不采用此法进行验光。但在青少年中小瞳检影与散瞳检影之间，究竟有多大的差异，在什么情况下的差异最大，这方面的研究较少。我们在中、小学生近视眼防治的普查中，     

温度对氯霉素注射液含量测定影响探讨

卫生部药品标准收载的氯霉素注射液的含量测定方法为中国药典规定的微生物检定法 ,检定菌为藤黄八叠球菌〔CMCC(B) 2 80 0 1〕,在 p H值 6 .0的磷酸盐缓冲液和 p H值 6 .5～ 6 .6的 号培养基中进行含量测定 ,培养皿规定在 35～ 37℃中培养 ,按上述条件进行检定 ,边界容易模糊不清 ,有时还会产生双圈现象 ,给测量带来困难 ,影响检验结果的准确性 ,而且多次检验结果表明 ,在现有的检验条件下检验的平均可信限率经常容易超过 5% ,对在临界值旁的检品难以作出判定。我们通过对多批样品进行多次试验 ,试验的结果表明 ,氯霉素注射液的微生物检…     

494件中药伪品的综合分析

本文对受检的494件中药伪品进行了综合分析。从1598件中西药检品中,中药检品670件,占总检品的41.92%,而不合格中药494件,占受检中药检品数的73.73%。占总检品数的30.91%。对其494件中药伪品分为113种药物冒充62种贵稀中药材。并按其根、根茎、皮、茎木、花、果实、种子、全草、菌、树脂、动物、矿物及饮片等13类进行了列表分析。     

提高风油精机械贴标的一检合格率的研究

目的本文对提高风油精机械贴标的一检合格率进行研究和考察。方法通过设备改造、工艺参数改进、人员技能质量水平的提高,达到提高风油精机械贴标一检合格率的目的。结果风油精机械贴标的一检合格率已由原来的90%提高到了99.2%。结论提高了贴标一检合格率,降低了返工率,降低了生产成本。     

突发群体性氨中毒事件第一现场检伤技术研究

检伤分类是临床医生依据患者病情和对资源的需求,迅速确定其治疗顺次的过程[1]。在群体性化学中毒第一现场救护人员会在短时间内面对大批中毒患者,而且,事发初期和院前救治过程中,急救资源可能十分匮乏,要想达到良好的检伤分类、现场救治及后送效果,首先要具有一个层次清楚、简单明了并易于现场应用的检伤分类标准。     

TCT联合HPV-DNA亚型检测宫颈癌的价值

目的对手工方法检测宫颈液基细胞学（Liquid—basedcytologictest,TCT）联合HPV—DNA亚型检测宫颈癌的价值进行分析。方法以本院2010年8月～2011年8月间进行健康检查的妇女作为研究对象,对其行手工方法检测宫颈液基细胞学联合HPV—DNA亚基检测,对检测率以及其应用价值进行分析。结果结果发现手工方法检测TCT联合HPV—DNA检测的总检出率为61．4％,细胞学阳性病例检出率为35．1％,液基细胞学（Liquid—basedcytologictest,TCT）联合HPV—DNA亚型检测诊断率明显高于细胞学单独检测,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结论HPV—DNA亚型检测联合手工方法检测TCT是筛查早期宫颈病变的最佳选择,能明显提高诊断的准确性。及早发现癌前病变。     

TNF inhibitors in the treatment of arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic destructive arthritis leading to joint destruction as a consequence of chronic inflammatory processes. Established therapy with slow-acting disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), as with low-dose methotrexate (MTX), leads to a significant improvement of disease symptoms, but are unable to stop joint destruction. Novel therapeutic agents like monoclonal antibodies (mAb), cytokine receptor-human immunoglobulin constructs or recombinant human proteins have been tested in RA and in other chronic arthritides like ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis with convincing success. In particular, clinical trials testing anti-TNF alpha agents either alone or in combination with MTX have proven the feasibility and efficacy of these novel approaches.     

Joint positive control testing in guinea pig skin sensitization tests. A harmonized approach

A scheme for the performance of positive control studies within a coordinated group of laboratories was proposed (joint positive control testing). The procedure has been described, as well as the first results of the validation phase of this joint positive control testing project. Adoption of this proposal within the participating six laboratories would lead to a reduction in the number of guinea pigs required for reliability and sensitivity checks from current approximate 12 studies per year down to 2 studies, i.e., 150-300 fewer animals per year. Another benefit would be the use of a harmonized, and therefore more comparable, method to perform guinea pig tests and interpret the data. In the validation phase of joint reading of the positive control studies, the congruency of reading could clearly be demonstrated. From the experience gained up to now, it was possible to draw the conclusion that a coordinated interlaboratory approach for positive control testing was fully acceptable and an improvement with regard to animal welfare.     

Ankle joint urate arthritis in rats provides a useful tool for the evaluation of analgesic and anti-arthritic agents

Arthritis was induced in ether anesthetised rats by injecting 1.25 mg of sodium urate crystals into the ankle joint. Twenty-four hr after the injection the ankle is swollen and the animal does not place full weight on the affected foot. The ankle is more sensitive than normal to movement and pressure. Responses to stimulation of the foot and toes on the arthritic limb are reduced due to a reluctance to move the affected limb. These measures, which reflect ongoing pain, hyperalgesia or tenderness and guarding, are attenuated in animals treated with dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, and morphine, as well as in animals whose nerves to the ankle had been pretreated with capsaicin. Guanethidine and colchicine failed to influence the behavioural responses to the urate injection. Ankle joint urate arthritis has advantages over other models of arthritis for therapeutic testing in that in a short time it affects a single joint in rats, and it produces responses which can be assessed by simple, sensitive measures.     

手术钳类器械快速蒸汽灭菌与生物监测的观察分析

目的 分析手术钳类蒸汽快速灭菌效果的影响因素并给出相应对策。方法对带有轴节部位的手术器械进行强化生物监测,分别对两组手术钳进行细菌采样培养并且对比实验结果。结果在生物监测符合要求的情况下,未打开轴节的手术钳细菌采样培养阳性不合格率达到15％。结论应重视压力蒸汽快速灭菌的规范操作和关注重点注意事项尤其是手术器械的轴节部位,对于手术钳、剪类器械需进行细菌采样培养来强化生物监测效果。     

奥扎格雷钠联合银杏叶制剂治疗急性脑梗死256例疗效观察

目的观察奥扎格雷钠联合银杏叶制剂治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法将我院同期住院的急性脑梗死患者506例随即分如奥扎格雷钠联合银杏叶制剂治疗组256例、阿司匹林、银杏叶制剂对照组250例,于治疗前及治疗后不同时期分别对神经功能缺失程度评分(NDS)、临床疗效、实验室指标进行检测。结果治疗组基本痊愈率(35.2%)、显效率(60.1%)及总显效率(95.3%)明显优于对照组,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗组NDS减分幅度与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论奥扎格雷钠联合银杏叶制剂治疗急性脑梗死能明显提高显效率,改善神经功能,是治疗急性脑梗死的安全有效的方法。     

Joint Actions of Developmental Toxicants in Xenopus Embryos: Binary Mixtures of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors

The joint toxic action for each of three binary combinationsof DNA synthesis inhibitors was examined at concentrations thatinduce malformations in Xenopus laevis embryos. The three compounds,hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside, and 5-fluoro- uracil, whicheach inhibit a different enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, wereselected for joint action testing to help determine whetherjoint action types are related to general modes of action (e.g.,inhibit DNA synthesis) or to specific biochemical/molecularmechanisms. Three mixtures were tested, in 96-hr static-renewaltests, for each combination. Each combination was tested onthree separate occasions. Using toxic unit analysis, the jointaction for induction of malformations was generally antagonism,although response addition was observed for certain mixtures.An antagonistic joint action represents the phenomenon of interaction.Therefore, the tests were ineffective in determining whethera concentration addition joint action depicts two compoundsthat induce malformations by the same general mode of actionor by the same specific mechanism of action.     

Drug delivery strategies for cathepsin inhibitors in joint diseases

Cathepsins play important roles in the development of joint and bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Cathepsin inhibitors are presently in development and clinical testing for use as novel disease-modifying drugs for the improved treatment of osteoporosis. They may also be applicable for the treatment of joint diseases. However, some barriers still hamper their clinical applications in these indications. Based on pathophysiological features of RA and OA, the authors discuss six potential drug delivery strategies for the effective delivery of cathepsin inhibitors or other antiarthritic drugs to the arthritic joint tissue. Successful application of these strategies may significantly contribute to a more effective and safe treatment of RA and OA.     

Drug delivery strategies for cathepsin inhibitors in joint diseases

Cathepsins play important roles in the development of joint and bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Cathepsin inhibitors are presently in development and clinical testing for use as novel disease-modifying drugs for the improved treatment of osteoporosis. They may also be applicable for the treatment of joint diseases. However, some barriers still hamper their clinical applications in these indications. Based on pathophysiological features of RA and OA, the authors discuss six potential drug delivery strategies for the effective delivery of cathepsin inhibitors or other antiarthritic drugs to the arthritic joint tissue. Successful application of these strategies may significantly contribute to a more effective and safe treatment of RA and OA.     

Biological agents: a novel approach to the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic autoimmunopathy, clinically leading to joint destruction as a consequence of the chronic inflammatory processes. The pathogenesis of this disabling disease is not well understood, but molecular events leading to tissue inflammation with cartilage and bone destruction are now defined in more detail. Established therapy, slow acting disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) are the accepted ‘golden standard’ therapies and both lead to a significant improvement of disease symptoms, however are unable to stop joint destruction. Due to these disappointing treatment options and the identification of some inflammatory mediators as therapeutic targets, novel therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cytokine receptor-human immunoglobulin constructs or recombinant human proteins have been tested in RA with some success. In particular, clinical trials testing anti-TNF-α agents either alone or in combination with MTX have convincingly demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of these novel approaches to the therapy of RA. Importantly, a clinical trial testing combination therapy with chimeric (mouse-human) anti-TNF-α mAb cA2 (Remicade?) and MTX could, for the first time in any RA trial, show that average radiological progression in the cA2/MTX groups could be completely prevented over a 12 month observation period. Similar encouraging results might evoke from trials employing other TNF-α-directed agents like the fully human mAb D₂E7 or the p75 TNF-α-receptor-Ig construct, etanercept.