脑缺血预处理对缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的　观察缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　采用四血管阻断法对实验鼠分组进行全脑缺血预处理及缺血后再灌注, 半定量法观察海马区神经元受损情况。结果　实验组四血管阻断３ 分钟（ 预处理） 后海马区神经元受损与对照组无显著差异;３ 天间隔６ 分钟全脑缺血再灌注组神经元受损较其他组明显减轻。结论　缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用与全脑缺血预处理时间, 后续全脑缺血再灌注损伤时间及两者间的时间间隔有关。     

腺苷预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后VEGF的表达

目的通过观察腺苷预处理后大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注区脑组织的病理结构、脑梗死面积及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,探讨腺苷预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的可能作用机制。方法制作大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。60只SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(F组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、腺苷预处理组(AP组),再按缺血再灌注后不同时间把各组随机分成4个亚组(每亚组5只大鼠)。通过TTC染色观察脑梗死体积,并应用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠脑组织VEGF的表达。结果 (1)TTC染色正常脑组织呈鲜红色,梗死区脑组织呈苍白色,并且随着再灌注时间的延长可见梗死区扩大,腺苷预处理组的脑梗死体积小于缺血再灌注组。(2)F组可见少量VEGF阳性表达,IR组和AP组在脑缺血再灌注后2 h开始出现VEGF阳性表达的细胞数量增多,24 h达到高峰,72 h下降,AP组在6 h、24 h VEGF阳性表达比IR组增强(P均<0.05),在72 h时AP组VEGF阳性表达较IR组减少(P<0.05)。结论腺苷预处理能够进一步增强大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后VEGF的表达;VEGF的表达增加可能是腺苷预处理诱导脑缺血耐受和产生神经保护作用的分子机制之一。     

艾芬地尔对脑缺血再灌注大鼠AIF表达及神经元凋亡的影响

目的探讨艾芬地尔(ifenprodil)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后凋亡诱导因子(apoptosis inducing fac-tor,AIF)表达及神经元凋亡的影响。方法线栓法建立Wistar大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MACO)模型,采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)及免疫组化法分别于6、24、48、72和168h观察假手术组、对照组及艾芬地尔(10mg/kg,ip)组缺血半暗带区神经元凋亡数及AIF阳性细胞数的变化。结果艾芬地尔组大鼠脑组织凋亡细胞数及AIF阳性细胞数均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论艾芬地尔具有抗凋亡作用,其机理可能系通过阻滞变化[N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐(N-Methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA)]受体NR2B亚基,降低兴奋性氨基酸毒性,减少AIF的释放,来抑制AIF介导的细胞凋亡。     

高压氧预处理可对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究短期高压氧预处理后是否可减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤。方法选取成年雄性Wister大鼠,采用连续5d,每天1次,3.0ATA,100%O2高压氧(HBO)预处理,每次60min,末次预处理后24h,运用改良的经典线栓法制作MCAO模型,再灌注2h。将实验大鼠分为假手术组、MCAO组、HBO+MCAO组(n=5)。造模后24h观察各组动物的一般精神状态及体重变化情况、用Rogers DC and Hunter AJ描述的神经功能7分评分法对神经功能损伤进行评估,TTC染色测梗死面积,并对脑组织进行石蜡切片,行Nissl、TUNEL染色,利用显微镜对神经细胞进行计数。结果假手术组无神经功能缺失,TTC染色未见梗死灶,镜下观察未见坏死细胞。MCAO组和HBO+MCAO组均有不同程度的神经功能缺损,且HBO+MCAO组神经功能缺失较MCAO组轻;TTC染色MCAO组的梗死面积明显大于HBO+MCAO组;镜下观察,MCAO组梗死区内尼氏小体明显少于HBO+MCAO组。结论短期高压氧预处理后可减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

腺苷预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经功能的影响

目的观察腺苷预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后神经功能的影响。方法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2h后再灌注损伤模型。SD大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组(F组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、腺苷预处理组(AP组),每组12只,依术后神经功能评分时间的不同,每组再分为4个亚组:2h、6h、24h和72h组(F2、6、24、72h,IR2、6、24、72h,AP2、6、24、72h)。用Zeal Longa 5级评分法进行神经功能评分。结果神经功能评分F组为0分,AP和IR各亚组1~3分,统计学处理后AP各亚组与F和IR各相应亚组比较差异显著(P<0.05),IR各亚组与F各相应亚组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论腺苷预处理能够减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤所引起的神经功能缺损症状。     

脑缺血预处理对沙鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤 p38MAPK活化的作用

目的 探讨脑缺血预处理对脑缺血后p38MAPK信号的影响.方法 蒙古沙鼠分成对照组、脑缺血再灌注组、脑缺血预处理组和抑制剂SB203580组.制备脑缺血及脑缺血预处理动物模型.免疫组织化学法和蛋白质印迹法检测海马区磷酸化p38MAPK的表达,TUNEL 法检测神经细胞凋亡,TTC染色测定脑梗死体积.结果 与对照组比较,脑缺血再灌注组磷酸化p38MAPK表达增高,凋亡神经细胞数量增加(P<0.05),磷酸化p38MAPK阳性细胞与TUNEL阳性细胞为同一神经元.与脑缺血再灌注组比较,脑缺血预处理组凋亡神经细胞下降、磷酸化p38MAPK表达较少、梗死面积缩小(P<0.05);抑制剂SB203580组磷酸化p38MAPK表达水平与脑缺血预处理组相似,但两组神经细胞凋亡数量及脑梗死体积比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 缺血预处理对脑缺血性损伤具有保护作用,其机制并非完全依赖p38MAPK信号活化.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of ischemic preconditioning on p38MAPK pathway after ischemia - reperfusion injury in gerbils. Method Gerbils were divided randomly into control group, ischemia - reperfusion group ( I/R ) , ischemia preconditioning group ( IP ) and inhibitor SB203580 group. Transient ischemia - reperfusion model and ischemia preconditioning model were performed. The expression levels of p38MAPK phosphorylation were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, the neurons apoptosis were detected by TUNEL method and the infarction volume assessments were performed by TTC staining. Results Compared with control group, there were higher expression levels of p38MAPK phosphorylation,more apoptotic neurons in I/R group. The p38MAPK phosphorylation \positive cells and TUNEL positive cells were located in the same neurons. Compared with I/R group, there were lower expression levels of p38MAPK phosphorylation,fewer apoptotic neurons and smaller infarction volumes in IP group( P <0.05). The levels of p38MAPK phosphorylation in SB203580 group were similar as those in IP group( P > 0. 05 ) . However, the number of apoptotic neurons and infarction volumes were obviously changed ( P <0.05). Conclusions IP has protective effect from I/R damage in gerbils, which might be not only involved p38MAPK pathway.     

高血压大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时的病理学变化

目的 研究高血压大鼠在脑缺血损伤时的病理改变.方法 用线拴法将肾性高血压大鼠制作成脑缺血再灌注模型,在光镜和透射电镜下观察脑组织的病理和超微结构改变.结果 高血压组大鼠与正常大鼠相比,在局灶性缺血再灌注损伤时有明显的组织学改变.结论 高血压可经过多种机制加剧脑缺血性损伤.     

吸氧预处理对大鼠局灶脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax的影响

目的 观察吸氧预处理对大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2的关系,探讨吸氧预处理的脑保护作用.方法 采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉造成局灶脑缺血再灌注模型,用TUNEL染色标记神经细胞凋亡,免疫组化染色观察Bax,Bcl-2蛋白含量.结果 与模型组相比,吸氧预处理组半暗区的TUNEL阳性细胞数和Bax蛋白表达阳性细胞数明显下降,(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达细胞数明显上升(P<0.05).结论 吸氧预处理可通过抑制缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡和减少Bax的表达,增加Bcl-2蛋白的表达发挥脑保护作用.     

缺血后处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经保护作用的研究

目的探讨大鼠脑缺血后处理对缺血再灌注损伤后神经元的保护作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(SO组)、缺血再灌注对照组(MCAO组)、缺血后处理组(IPOC组)3组。采用线栓法制备大鼠MCAO模型及IPOC模型,分别用TTC染色法计算脑梗死体积、流式细胞术和ELISA法观察,对于大鼠缺血半暗带神经细胞凋亡率及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响。结果 (1)大鼠脑缺血再灌注后24h,IPOC组较MCAO组梗死体积明显减小(P<0.05);(2)MCAO组大鼠脑缺血再灌注24h细胞凋亡发生率及血清中NSE的含量较SO组显著增加(P<0.01);(3)IPOC组神经元凋亡发生率及血清NSE较MCAO组显著降低(P<0.05或0.01)。结论大鼠脑缺血后处理对缺血再灌注神经元损伤有保护作用。     

丁苯酞预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用

目的研究丁苯酞预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用。方法健康成年SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、丁苯酞预处理组,每组各16只。各组均灌胃5d后,采用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注(MCAO)模型,缺血2h、再灌注24h,进行神经功能缺损评分,TTC染色及图像分析观察脑梗死体积,免疫组化法检测脑组织caspase-3、bcl-2表达的变化。结果与缺血再灌注组相比,丁苯酞预处理组神经缺损程度改善,梗死灶体积减少,caspase-3阳性细胞数量减少,bcl-2表达上调。结论丁苯酞可减轻缺血性脑血管病的发作,具有一定的神经保护作用。     

Nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia.

Signaling cascades associated with apoptosis contribute to cell death after focal cerebral ischemia. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria and the subsequent activation of caspases 9 and 3 are critical steps. Recently, a novel mitochondrial protein, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), has been implicated in caspase-independent programmed cell death following its translocation to the nucleus. We, therefore, addressed the question whether AIF also plays a role in cell death after focal cerebral ischemia. We detected AIF relocation from mitochondria to nucleus in primary cultured rat neurons 4 and 8 hours after 4 hours of oxygen/glucose deprivation. In ischemic mouse brain, AIF was detected within the nucleus 1 hour after reperfusion after 45 minutes occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. AIF translocation preceded cell death, occurred before or at the time when cytochrome c was released from mitochondria, and was evident within cells showing apoptosis-related DNA fragmentation. From these findings, we infer that AIF may be involved in neuronal cell death after focal cerebral ischemia and that caspase-independent signaling pathways downstream of mitochondria may play a role in apoptotic-like cell death after experimental stroke.     

西洛他唑对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后PARP/AIF介导的细胞凋亡途径的影响

目的 研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)在海马CAI区的表达,探讨西洛他唑预处理能否通过PARP/AIF途径发挥脑保护作用. 方法 将135只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组:假手术组、模型组、西洛他唑组,每组45只.采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.西洛他唑组造模前灌胃给予30 mg/kg剂量西洛他唑(2次).每组根据再灌注时间点不同(6 h、24 h、72 h)分为3个亚组,每亚组15只.应用TUNEL法检测神经细胞凋亡变化,Western blotting法检测AIF、腺苷二磷酸核糖(PAR)在不同时间点的变化,RT-PCR法检测AIF mRNA的表达变化. 结果 大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后出现AIF核移位.与假手术组比较,模型组凋亡细胞数明显增加,AIF、PAR含量及AIF mRNA表达明显增加,24 h时最显著,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).西洛他唑组再灌注6h、24 h、72 h各亚组凋亡细胞数较模型组中各亚组明显减少,AIF、PAR含量较模型组各亚组明显降低,AIF mRNA表达亦明显减少,24h时最显著,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 西洛他唑对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用,其抗神经细胞凋亡的机制之一可能是通过抑制脑缺血损伤引起的PARP的过度活化及AIF的易位而实现的.     

Hydrogen sulfide intervention in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

The present study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats via the suture method. Ten minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with hydrogen sulfide donor compound sodium hydrosulfide. Immunofluorescence revealed that the immunoreactivity of P2X₇ in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased with hydrogen sulfide treatment. Furthermore, treatment of these rats with hydrogen sulfide significantly lowered mortality, the Longa neurological deficit scores, and infarct volume. These results indicate that hydrogen sulfide may be protective in rats with local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of P2X₇ receptors.     

3-硝基丙酸预处理对大鼠缺血-再灌注脑损伤保护作用的研究

目的 研究3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血脑梗死体积,脑缺血半暗带神经细胞凋亡的影响,探讨3-NPA预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的机制.方法 大鼠腹腔注射3-NPA,分别在24h和72h后制作大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注模型,采用TTC染色和TUNEL法,观察3-NPA预处理对缺血2h再灌注24h脑梗死体积、神经细胞凋亡的影响.结果 缺血2h再灌注24h,3-NPA预处理组脑梗死体变小,神经细胞凋亡减少,与对照组及假手术组比较有显著性差异.结论 3-NPA预处理可以诱导脑缺血耐受,抑制神经细胞凋亡可能是其机制之一.     

bFGF对大鼠局灶性缺血再灌注脑组织的保护作用

目的探讨bFGF对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞凋亡和脑组织中SOD、MDA含量变化的影响。方法应用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,大脑中动脉阻塞1h再灌注损伤24h,检测假手术组、缺血再灌注组和bFGF组的凋亡细胞数和脑组织中SOD、MDA的含量。结果假手术组偶见凋亡细胞,缺血再灌注组和bFGF组凋亡细胞数分别是26.35±5.67和18.65±5.91,与缺血再灌注组相比,bFGF组缺血区皮质凋亡神经元明显减少(P<0.05)。SOD,MDA测定结果显示三组间比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论抗氧化作用可能是bFGF减少大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡的分子机制之一。     

Expression profiles of microRNAs after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.Microarray analysis showed that 24 hours after cerebral ischemia,there were nine up-regulated and 27 down-regulated microRNA genes in cortical tissue.Bioinformatic analysis showed that bcl-2 was the target gene of microRNA-384-5p and microRNA-494,and caspase-3 was the target gene of microRNA-129,microRNA-320 and microRNA-326.Real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed that 24 hours after cerebral ischemia,bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in brain tissue were significantly decreased,while caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased.This suggests that following cerebral ischemia,differentially expressed microRNA-384-5p,microRNA-494,microRNA-320,microRNA-129 and microRNA-326 can regulate bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression in brain tissue.     

金丝桃苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血／再灌注损伤的脑保护作用

目的研究金丝桃苷(Hyp)在缺血性脑血管病中的神经保护作用。方法78只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血对照组、Hyp组,后2组又根据观察时间点不同分为脑缺血2h后再灌注1、3、6、12、24、48h 6个亚组,每组6只,线栓法建立大鼠缺血再灌注模型,固定取脑干,湿比重法测定脑组织含水量。结果自3h起同时间点对照组和Hyp组脑水含量均显著高于假手术组(P<0.05),其中Hyp组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Hyp能有效减轻大鼠缺血/再灌注早期脑水肿,有显著脑保护作用。