载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂及高血压病的影响

为探讨载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂及高血压病的影响，采用聚合酶链式反应－限制性片段多态性方法测定112例原发性高血压病人及118例非高血压病对照的载脂蛋白E基因型。结果发现高血压病患者ε4等位基因频率及载脂蛋白E ε4携带者显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。载脂蛋白E ε4携带者的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著高于载脂蛋白E ε2携带者（P＜0．05），载脂蛋白E ε3／ε3携带者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平也显著高于载脂蛋白E ε2携带者（P＜0．05）。载脂蛋白E ε4携带是高血压病的独立危险因素（P＜0．05）。研究表明载脂蛋白E基因多态性影响个体的血脂和脂蛋白水平，载脂蛋白E ε4为高血压病的一种重要遗传标志。     

Apo ∈4等位基因可预测老年2型糖尿病伴冠心病患者死亡的危险性

目的研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病伴冠心病(CAD)死亡危险性的关系.方法对老年2型糖尿病伴CAD患者进行了3～8年的追踪研究,采用PCR/ASO探针杂交技术检测其ApoE基因型,其中Apo ∈4携带者27例、∈3携带者45例、∈2携带者24例.结果 (1)与∈2携带者相比,∈4携带者血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇及脂蛋白(a)水平明显增高(P＜0.05).(2)∈4携带者CAD死亡率为51.9%,明显高于∈2携带者(8.3%)(P＜0.05).结论∈4等位基因与老年2型糖尿病伴CAD患者死亡的危险性增高有关.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病及血脂含量的关系

目的:研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病(CHD)的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定92例早发CHD、237例迟发CHD患者和220名对照者的ApoE基因型。血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果:发现的5种ApoE基因型,分别为E3/3、E2/2、E3/2、E4/3及E4/2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组ApoE4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组(P<0.05～<0.01);进一步对两组CHD患者的ApoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组高(P<0.05)。ApoE各等位基因型的TC和LDL-C水平存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:ApoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关,并影响血脂的水平。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与老年人群血脂的研究

目的观察载脂蛋白E(ApoE)的遗传多态性与老年人血脂的关系。方法808例受试者,其中脑卒中430例、冠心病167例及对照组211例。采用聚合酶链式反应限制性片段多态性方法检测ApoE基因多态性。结果ApoE4表型携带者的TC、LDLC和ApoB水平显著高于ApoE2表型携带者(P<005),ApoE3/3表型携带者的LDLC水平也高于ApoE2表型携带者(P<005),而ApoE2表型携带者的HDLC水平显著高于ApoE4(P<005),这种作用在男女两性中相似。结论ApoE基因多态性影响老年人群血脂水平,无性别差异。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平的关系

目的研究载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平的关系.方法应用等位基因特异性多重聚合酶链反应对113例高脂血症患者和108例健康对照者进行载脂蛋白E基因型进行分析,并对其血脂水平进行检测.结果高脂血症患者总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白AⅠ水平明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);在载脂蛋白E的3种基因型中以载脂蛋白E3/3型多见,高脂血症患者中载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).结论载脂蛋白E基因多态性可能是高脂血症患者的遗传因素.     

60例肥胖伴高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

目的探讨载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性与肥胖伴高脂血症的关系。方法选择60例肥胖伴高脂血症患者（观察组）和48例健康体检者（对照组）,采用PCR技术检测两组ApoE基因的基因型,采用全自动生化分析仪检测观察组基因频率较高的血脂水平（TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoAl、ApoB）。结果观察组E3／E3型基因频率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组E3／E3型及E3／E4型HDL-C水平明显低于E2／E3型,LDL-C明显高于E2／E3型,P均〈0．05;E3／FA型TC、TG、LDL-C水平明显高于E3／E3型,P均〈0．05。结论ApoE基因多态性与肥胖伴高脂血症发病具有相关性,ApoE基因型中E3／E3型的肥胖者可能更易患高脂血症。     

具有早发冠心病家族史的健康同胞血脂水平及载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

目的早发冠心病家族史是冠心病明确的危险因素,遗传性脂质代谢紊乱往往与早发冠心病相关,载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因所编码的多态性蛋白参与脂质代谢过程,与冠心病心肌梗死的发生之间可能存在某种联系.本文将对63例具有早发冠心病家族史的同胞进行血脂水平检测及ApoE基因型分析,探讨血脂异常及ApoE基因多态性与早发冠心病的关系及疾病的遗传易感性.方法选择63例具有早发冠心病家族史的"健康"(尚未发生冠心病)同胞和49例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照者,抽取空腹12～14 h静脉血5 ml分装,其中3 ml于普通非抗凝试管中分离血清,3 h内送检血脂,余2 ml置EDTA抗凝试管-20℃冻存留待基因型检测,使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和HhI酶切法测定ApoE基因多态性,SPSS11.0软件包行统计学处理.结果整体血脂水平上同胞组与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01).本研究只发现3种常见ApoE基因型ε3/3、ε2/3和ε4/3,两组在基因型频率和等位基因频率分布上无统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组中不同基因型亚组间血脂水平无显著差异(P＞0.05),ε3/3基因型亚组中同胞组与对照组比较,血脂水平有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论具有早发冠心病家族史的同胞具有明显的血脂代谢紊乱,对此高危人群的早识别早预防具有重要义,但ApoE基因多态性并非早发冠心病独立的危险因素.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与老年人血脂、血压的相关性研究

目的探讨载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性与老年人血脂、血压的关系。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法（PCR—RFLP）测定252例老年人的ApoE基因型。结果在不同基因型组间，收缩压水平按E3／4＋E4／4〉E3／3〉E2／2＋E2／3顺序递减（P〈0．05）。而舒张压水平在不同基因型组间无差异（P〉0．05）；总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水甲均按E3／4＋E4／4〉E3／3〉E2／2＋E2／3顺序递减（P〈0．05），甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）水平在各组问比较无差异（P〉0．05）。结论ApoE基因多态性影响老年人血脂血压水平，甜等位基因携带者除具有较高的TC、LDL．C水平外，还有较高的收缩压水平。     

β纤维蛋白原-455G/A基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的 分析β纤维蛋白原（血浆纤维蛋白原B）基因启动子区－455 bp位点多态性与冠心病的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应限制性片长多态性分析法检测240例冠心病患者和240例正常对照者的β纤维蛋白原基因启动子区－455 bp位点多态性,并测定血浆纤维蛋白原水平。结果 （1）冠心病组GA/AA基因型及A等位基因频率（分别为45.4%和25.2%）均高于对照组（分别为26.7%和15.2%）,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;（2）冠心病组各基因型的血浆纤维蛋白原水平均高于对照组同基因型,两组携带GA基因型者的血浆纤维蛋白原水平高于同组携带GG基因型者,携带AA基因型者血浆纤维蛋白原水平高于同组携带GA基因型者,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 β纤维蛋白原基因启动子区－455 bp位点多态性与冠心病有关,A等位基因是冠心病的易感危险因素,可能通过影响血浆纤维蛋白原水平与冠心病产生联系。     

Alzheimer病载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂关系研究

目的探讨Alzheimer病（AD）载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性与血脂是否存在关联。方法运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析方法对58例无亲缘关系的中国昆明地区AD患者及96例健康老年人,进行ApoE基因变异检测;并检测受检者血脂水平。结果AD组ε3/ε4基因型频率及ε4等位基因频率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;AD组的血脂参数水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;无论是AD组还是对照组,以是否携带ε4基因进行分组,携带ε4基因组与不携带ε4基因组血脂参数水平无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论ε4基因可能是AD的风险基因;AD患者存在血脂代谢紊乱;ε4基因可能与血脂代谢紊乱无关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.