Bioactive coumarin derivatives from the fern Cyclosorus interruptus

Three new coumarin derivatives, compounds 1-3, three new furanocoumarins, compounds 4-6, and a novel dioxocane derivative, compound 7, were isolated from the fern Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. It?. Based on spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis (FAB or El mass spectrometry as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments) their structures were characterised as 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenyl-8-(3-phenylpropionyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenyl-8-(3-phenyl-trans-acryloyl)-1- benzopyran-2-one (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl)-6-methyl-4-phenyl-1- benzopyran-2-one (3), 8-benzyl-5,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenylfuro[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2,9- dione (4), 8-benzyl-5,8 beta,9 beta-trihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenyl-8,9-dihydro- furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2-one (5), 8-benzyl-5,8 beta,9 alpha-trihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenyl-8,9-dihydro- furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2-one (6) and 5,11-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-phenyl-11-(1-phenylmethyl)-7,10-dioxocane [5,6-h]-1-benzopyran-2,12-dione (7). For these compounds we propose the trivial names interruptins A-F. Compounds 1, 5/6 and 7 showed antibacterial activity while compounds 1 and 2 were cytotoxic to a KB cell line.     

Norsesquiterpenoid glucosides and a rhamnoside of pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Tephroseris kirilowii

Four new glycosylated compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Tephroseris kirilowii, including (-)-(1R,5R,6S,7R,8S)-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-7-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-methylenebicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-one (tephroside A, 1), (-)-(1R,5R,6R,8R)-6-(2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxypropan-2-yl)-8-hydroxy-9-methylenebicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-one (tephroside B, 2), thesinine-4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (3), and p-coumaric acid 4-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (4), together with the known roseoside. The structures of the new compounds were established by means of spectroscopic analysis.     

In vitro BACE-1 inhibitory phenolic components from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia

A new isoflavone, neocorylin ( 1) was isolated from the seeds extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), together with eight known constituents ( 2 - 9), i. e., bakuchiol ( 2), psoralen ( 3), bavachromene ( 4), isobavachromene ( 5), bavachalcone ( 6), isobavachalcone ( 7), 7,8-dihydro-8-(4-hydrophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2 H,6 H-[1,2- B:5,4- B']dipyran-6-one ( 8), and bavachinin ( 9). The structure of the new isoflavone 1 was elucidated as 7-hydroxy-3-[2-methyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)-2 H-chromen-6-yl]-4 H-chromen-4-one by spectroscopic analyses. Neocorylin ( 1) as well as related compounds 2, 4 - 6, 8 and 9 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in vitro.     

Anti-platelet aggregation alkaloids and lignans from Hernandia nymphaeifolia

A new aporphine, N-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-O-methyl-bulbocapnine (1), together with seven known compounds, (-)-5'-methoxypodorhizol (2), a mixture of beta-sitosterone (3) and stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (4), a mixture of 3 beta-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (5) and 3 beta-hydroxystigmasta-5,22-dien-7-one (6), and a mixture of 6 alpha-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (7) and 6 alpha-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (8), were isolated in continuing studies on the trunk bark of Formosan Hernandia nymphaeifolia. The structures of these compounds were determined through spectral analyses. In addition, the previously reported six alkaloids, laurotetanine, oxohernagine, thalicarpine, reticuline, (+)-vateamine-2'-beta-N-oxide, (+)-hernandaline and six lignans, (+)-epiaschantin, (+)-epimagnolin, (+)-epiyangambin, (-)-hernone, (-)-yatein, (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin were demonstrated to have anti-platelet aggregation activity.     

Synthesis and cytotoxicity of some rigid derivatives of methyl 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamate

Eight rigid compounds designed as esterase-stable analogues of methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate (1) were synthesized. These derivatives include 2-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentenone (3a), 2-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (3b), 2,6-bis(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (4b), 2,6-bis(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentenone (4a), (E)-3-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one (5), (E)-5-(2',5'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,2-isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (6), 4-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one (7), and 3-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-ene-1-one (8). Among the eight compounds, the furanone 7 and cyclopentenone 8 showed the most potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.39-0.98 microg/mL. Compound 8 was further brominated, phenylated and methylated at the alpha position to give three corresponding analogues, including 2-bromo-3-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-ene-1-one (24), 3-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylcyclopent-2-ene-1-one (27), and 3-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-ene-1-one (28). Among the three, the most enhanced activity was observed with the phenylated compound 27.     

Design and synthesis of novel thiophenecarbohydrazide, thienopyrazole and thienopyrimidine derivatives as antioxidant and antitumor agents

2-Amino-5-acetyl-4-methyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1) and 5-acetyl-2-amino-4-methylthiophene-3-carbohydrazide (2) were synthesized and used as starting materials for the synthesis of new series of 1-(5-amino-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethanone (3a), 1-(5-amino-4-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethanone (3b), 1-(4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (4), (Z)-N'-(4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonyl) formohydrazonic acid (5a), (Z)-ethyl-N'-4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonylformo hydrazonate (5b), 6-acetyl-3-amino-2,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (8), 5-methyl-3-amino-2-mercapto-6-acetylthieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (10) and 5-methyl-6-acetyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one (12) as potential antioxidant and antitumor agents. Pharmacological tests showed that compounds 6a, 6b, 8, 10 and 12 exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity.     

海洋来源真菌草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)次级代谢产物的分离与鉴定

目的研究海洋来源真菌草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)的次级代谢产物。方法采用重结晶、硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、开放ODS柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化;根据理化性质及光谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为N-acetyl-hydrazinobenzoic acid(1)、N-[2-cis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]formamide(2)、p-hydroxyphenylacetamide(3)、penipanoid A(4)、penipanoid C(5)、2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one(6)、oxaline(7)、meleagrin(8)、(3R,4R)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone(9)和(3R,4R)-3,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone(10)。结论化合物1为新天然产物,化合物9、10为首次从青霉属真菌中分离得到。     

New monoterpenes from Mentha microphylla

Four new monoterpenes, (1 R*,2 S*)-1,2-dihydroxy- p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one ( 1), (4 S*)-4-hydroxy- p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-one ( 2), (4 S*)-4-methoxy- p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-one ( 3), and (3 R*,4 R*,6 S*)-3-acetoxy-6-hydroxy- p-mentha-1,8-diene ( 4) together with four known compounds have been isolated from the aerial parts of Mentha microphylla. The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods particularly high resolution (1)H-, (13)C-NMR as well as 2D (1)H- (1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC analysis.     

A new bisabolane sesquiterpenoid from Euphorbia chrysocoma

The new sesquiterpenoid (6R)-2-chloro-6-[(1S)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-en-1-yl]-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (1), together with ten known compounds, (6R)-6-[(1S)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-en-1-yl]-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (2), bauerenol acetate (3), lupenone (4), alpha-amyrenone (5), beta-sitosterol (6), stigmasterol (7), beta-amyrin (8), ursolic acid (9), betulinic acid (10), scopolin (11), have been isolated from the roots of Euphorbia chrysocoma Lévl. et Vant. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic data.     

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of new substituted 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives

A series of heterocyclic derivatives including 1,2,4-triazole-3(4H)-one (3a,b), 1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (4,5), 1H-pyrazol-4-carbonitrile (7), pyridine-3-carbonitrile (8, 9a,b), pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (10a,b), methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one or thione (11a,b), pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (12a,b), quinazolin-5(6H)-one (13a,b) and indeno [1,2-d] pyrimidin-5-one (14a,b) moieties conjugated with 1,3-disubstituted pyrazole moiety were synthesized on reaction with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, 3-amino-5-oxo-2-pyrazoline, cyanoacetohydrazide, 2-acetyl thiophene, p-chloroacetophenone, urea, thiourea and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, respectively, by using 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde (2) as starting material. The structures of all the newly synthesized products have been established on the basis of analytical and spectral data. The anti-inflammatory screening showed that most of the obtained compounds were found to have significant anti-inflammatory activities with prostaglandin inhibition at a dose level of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg comparable to celecoxib as a reference control. The ulcer indices of all compounds are mainly in the safe level (UI = 2.10-4.27) except for compounds 9a and 14a, which were highly ulcerogenic.     

Chemical constituents from the the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia enneaphylla

Fifteen compounds were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpiniaenneaphylla. Their structures were identified to be: (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)- 5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (1), 8-methoxybonducellin (2), (E)-3-(3,4- dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,7-hydroxychroman-4-one (3), 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (4), oxyfadichalcone B (5), 7-hydroxyflavonone (6), pinocembrin (7), kaempferol (8), quercitrin (9), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), quercetin 3-O-α-D-arabinoside (11), trans-2,3-diacetoxy-1-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-cyclohexa-4,6-diene (12), 3-hydroxybenzyl benzoate (13), 2-acetoxybenzyl benzoate (14), and glutinol (15). All the compounds were isolated from C. enneaphylla for the first time.     

苏木的化学成分研究

研究苏木Caesalpinia sappan L．的化学成分。利用溶剂萃取，反复硅胶、凝胶柱色谱和反相硅胶等手段进行分离纯化，根据理化性质、波谱数据进行结构鉴定。分离并鉴定了14个化合物，分别为巴西苏木素（1），苏木酮B（2），（E）-3-（3，4-dihydroxybenzylidene）-7-hydroxychroman-4-one（3），3-去氧苏木酮B（4），brazilideA（5），1，7-二羟基[口山]酮（6），槲皮素（7），鼠李素（8），苏木查耳酮（9），3-去氧苏木查耳酮（10），butein（11），2,4，5-三羟基苯甲醛（12），3,8，9-trihydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one（13），β-谷甾醇（14）。化合物12和13为两个新天然产物，首次报道了化合物13的碳谱数据。化合物6为首次从豆科植物中分离得到，也是云实属分离得到的第一个[口山]酮类化合物。     

多叶姜黄(Curcuma comosa Roxb.)的化学成分

目的对泰国产姜科姜黄属植物多叶姜黄(Curcuma comosaRoxb.)干燥根茎甲醇提取物的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定。方法C.comosaRoxb.的甲醇提取物经乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-水依次萃取后,对各萃取部分采用正-反相硅胶柱色谱和制备型HPLC进行分离,经理化常数测定、核磁共振技术分析等方法鉴定了化合物的结构。结果分离得到8个化合物,分别被鉴定为异蓬莪术环二烯酮(isofuranodienone,1),蓬莪术环二烯酮(furanodienone,2),1(10)Z,4Z-蓬莪术二烯-6-酮[1(10)Z,4Z-furanodiene-6-one,3],泽泻醇(alismol,4),2,2,6-三甲基-1-氧螺[2,5]辛-5-烯-4-醇(2,2,6-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-5-en-4-ol,5),1-羟基-α,α,4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇(1-hydroxy-α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol,6),6-羟基-3(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-6-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮(6-hydroxy-3(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-2-cyclo-hexen-1-one,7),(1S,2S,4R)-1,8桉叶素-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷((1S,2S,4R)-2-hydroxy-1,8-cineoleβ-D-glucopyranoside,8)。结论化合物3~8为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

1-[3-(Diarylamino)propyl]piperidines and related compounds, potential antipsychotic agents with low cataleptogenic profiles

On the basis of a structural model of the postsynaptic dopaminergic antagonist pharmacophore, a series of 1-[3-(diarylamino)propyl]piperidines and related compounds was synthesized and evaluated for potential antipsychotic activity. For a rapid measure of activity, the target compounds were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of [3H]haloperidol binding and in vivo in a test of locomotor activity. Behavioral efficacy of compounds identified from the initial screens was more accurately measured in rats by using a suppression of high base-line medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation test model. The propensity of these compounds for causing extrapyramidal side effects was evaluated by using a rat catalepsy method. On the basis of these test models, we have shown that the methine carbon of the 1-(4,4-diarylbutyl)piperidines can be advantageously replaced with a nitrogen atom. The 1-[3-(diarylamino)propyl]piperidines were less cataleptic than the corresponding 1-(4,4-diarylbutyl)piperidines. The compounds with the widest separation between efficacious dose and cataleptic dose are 8-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro [4. 5]decan-4-one (6), 1-[1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-dihydro- 2H-benzimidazol-2-one (11), 1-[1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4- pyridinyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (22), and 1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (26).     

Sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita Wall.

A chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita Wall. led to the isolation of 12 known sesquiterpenes, including 2 furan-containing sesquiterpenoids and 10 eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones. Their structures were identified as negunfurol (1), schensianol A (2), artemine (3), erivanin (4), 1,5-diepi-artemin (5), acetylartemin (6), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 6-(acetyloxy)decahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-(3S,3aS,5aS,6S,9aS,9bS) (7), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 6-(acetyloxy)-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-octahydro-8-hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyl- (3S,3aS,5aR,6S,8S,9bS) (8), isoerivanin (9), barrelierin (10), (11S)-1-oxoeudesm-4(14)-eno-13,6α-lactone (11), 1-epi-dehydroisoeranin (12), respectively. All of these compounds were isolated from Artemisia vestita for the first time, and compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time.     

Synthesis of novel biologically active heterocyclic compounds from 2-oxo-2H-benzopyran-6-yl-imidazolidine

6-Aminocoumarin on treatment with oxalyl chloride gives coumarinyl-6-isocynate (1a-c) which on treatment with glycine gives 1H-3-[2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl]-5-imidazolidine-2, 4-dione (2a-c). (2a-c) when refluxed with o-chlorobenzaldehyde, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde separately gives 1H-5-(2"-chlorobenzylidene)-3-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazolidine-2,4-dione (3a-c), 1H-5-(3"-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazolidine-2,4-dione (4a-c), 1H-5-(3",4"-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazolidine-2,4-dione (5a-c) and 1H-5-(3"-nitrobenzylidene)-3-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazolidine-2,4-dione (6a-c), respectively. 3-(2"-Chlorophenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-6-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazo[4,5-c]isoxazol-5-one 7a-c is obtained from (3a-c) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride while 2,3a,4-trihydro-3-(3"-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyrazol-5-one (8a-c) obtained by reaction of (4a-c) with hydrazine hydrate. Compound (5a-c) on treatment with urea gives 5,7-dihydro-2-hydroxy-6-(3",4"-dimethoxyphenyl)-9-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl) purin-8-one (9a-c) and compound (6a-c) on treatment with thiourea gives 5,7-dihydro-2-mercapto-6-(3"-nitrophenyl)-9-(2'-oxo-2'H-benzopyran-6'-yl)purin-8-one (10a-c). The structures of the compounds have been established on the basis of spectral analytical data. All the compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities against three bacterial strains S. aureus, S. typhi and E. coli. Compounds 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b and 10b with the presence of methyl groups at C7' and C8' of coumarin moiety were found to be more active than others.     

杜仲叶中倍半萜及降碳倍半萜的分离与鉴定

目的 研究植物杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)叶中的化学成分.方法 综合运用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行系统分离,根据化合物的理化性质及其波谱数据确定化合物的结构.结果 从杜仲叶80％(体积分数)乙醇提取物中分离得到了12个倍...     

海洋真菌zp6次级代谢产物及其抗真菌活性研究

目的对海洋真菌zp6发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分及其抑菌活性进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱及高效液相色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及各种光谱技术进行结构鉴定,采用滤纸片法对分离到的化合物进行抑菌活性研究。结果从该菌中分离纯化得到8个化合物:(22E)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(1)、5α,8α-环二氧-24-甲基麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、赤藓糖醇(3)、腺嘌呤核苷(4)、(24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、阿拉伯醇(6)、(7)、4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(8)。结论化合物1和5具有抗真菌活性。     

海洋真菌Nigrospora sphaerica的化学成分(Ⅱ)

目的对海洋真菌Nigrospora sphaerica中的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶以及HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到了8个化合物,分别鉴定为柄曲霉素(sterigmatocystin,1)、4-苄基-3-苯基-5氢呋喃酮(4-benzyl-3-phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,2)、异黄光素[7,8-dimethyl,benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,3]、5,8二羟基-7甲氧基黄酮(5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl,4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,4)、1(2H)-3,4-二氢-4,8二羟基萘[3,4-dihydro-4,8-dihydroxy,1(2H)-naphthalenone,5]、3,5双去氧-5-苯基戊糖酸γ内酯(3,5-dideoxy-5-phenyl-,γ-lactone,pentonic acid,6)、4-羟基苯乙醇乙酯(4-hydroxyphe-nylethyl acetate,7)、1,4-二氧-2,5-二酮-3,6-二苯甲基聚酯[3,6-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione,8]。结论真菌Nigrospora sphaerica为首次从海洋中分离得到,化合物1-8为首次从该菌中分离得到。     

Synthesis and biological screening of some novel 6-substituted 2-alkylpyridazin-3(2H)-ones as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents

Some novel derivatives of 2-alkyl 6-substituted pyridazin-3(2H)-ones were synthesized by condensation of 3,6-dichloropyridazine with the sodium salt of benzyl cyanide, followed by hydrolysis and coupling with alkyl halides. The synthesized compounds were screened as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2 inhibitors and as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Among the synthesized compounds, 6-benzyl-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one ( 4a ), 6-benzoyl-2-propylpyridazin-3(2H)-one ( 8b ), and 6-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one ( 9a ) displayed the highest COX-2 selectivity indices of 96, 99, and 98, respectively, and analgesic efficacies of 47%, 46%, and 45% protection, respectively. Also, compounds 4a , 8b , and 9a showed anti-inflammatory activities of 65%, 60%, and 62% inhibition of edema, respectively, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, which is higher than that of diclofenac (58% inhibition of edema).