吡喹酮对血吸虫卵肉芽肿与肝纤维化作用的研究Ⅰ吡喹酮对小鼠肺部血吸虫卵肉芽肿的影响

目的探讨吡喹酮对小鼠肺部血吸虫卵肉芽肿的影响。方法48只小鼠均分4组,A组：虫卵致敏组,先于小鼠腹壁皮下注入新鲜日本血吸虫卵,10d后由尾静脉注入虫卵;B组：吡喹酮短期应用组,致敏方法同A组,于尾静脉注入虫卵前1d起灌服吡喹酮300mg/（kg.d）,连续3d;C组：吡喹酮持续应用组,致敏方法同A组,于尾静脉注入虫卵前1d起灌服吡喹酮75mg/kg,1日2次,连续5d,停药2d,反复用药至剖检;D组：第29天起应用吡喹酮组,服法同C组。各组均在尾静脉注射虫卵后7、14、28、56d分别剖杀3只,取肺组织切片、染色,在每组小鼠肺连续切片内选含毛蚴的肉芽肿25～30个,测其面积计算平均值。结果在第7、14天和第28天时,C组的虫卵肉芽肿面积较小,与A组比较,差异有统计学意义;B组的虫卵肉芽肿面积比A组略小,但差异无统计学意义;至第56天时,B、C组与D组的虫卵肉芽肿面积均较小,与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论吡喹酮能够抑制血吸虫卵肉芽肿。     

吡喹酮对血吸虫卵肉芽肿与肝纤维化作用的研究I吡喹酮对小鼠肺部血吸虫卵肉芽肿的影响

 目的探讨吡喹酮对小鼠肺部血吸虫卵肉芽肿的影响。方法48只小鼠均分4组，A组：虫卵致敏组，先于小鼠腹壁皮下注入新鲜日本血吸虫卵，10 d后由尾静脉注入虫卵；B组：毗喹酮短期应用组，致敏方法同A组，于尾静脉注入虫卵前ld起灌服吡喹酮300 mg/(kg．d)，连续3 d;C组：吡喹酮持续应用组，致敏方法同A组，于尾静脉注入虫卵前ld起灌服吡喹酮75 mg/kg，1日2次，连续5d，停药2d，反复用药至剖检；D组：第29天起应用吡喹酮组，服法同C组。各组均在尾静脉注射虫卵后7、14、28、56 d分别剖杀3只，取肺组织切片、染色，在每组小鼠肺连续切片内选含毛蚴的肉芽肿25～30个，测其面积计算平均值。结果在第7、14天和第28天时，C组的虫卵肉芽肿面积较小，与A组叱较，差异有统计学意义；B组的虫卵肉芽肿面积比A组略小，但差异无统计学意义；至第56天时，B、C组与D组的虫卵肉芽肿面积均较小，与A组比较，差异均有统计学意义。结论吡喹酮能够抑制血吸虫卵肉芽肿。         

不同阶段日本血吸虫对吡喹酮敏感性的研究

目的探索成虫、尾蚴、毛蚴、虫卵等不同阶段日本血吸虫对吡喹酮的敏感性.方法于血吸虫病非流行季节,在江西、湖北、湖南6个村,采用吡喹酮40 mg/kg顿服治疗粪检阳性者363例,以观察日本血吸虫成虫对吡喹酮的敏感性.采集阳性粪便收集虫卵,孵化毛蚴,感染钉螺收集尾蚴.观察尾蚴在10-5、6×10-7、4×10-7、10-7mol/L4种浓度吡喹酮溶液中断尾率.毛蚴在5×10-6、10-6、5×10-7、10-7 mol/L 4种浓度吡喹酮溶液中的形态改变.以及虫卵在5×10-6、10-6、5×10-7、10-7mol/L 4种浓度吡喹酮溶液浸泡24 h后的孵出率.结果治疗6～7周后复查334例,319例阴性,阴转率95.5%,2次治疗阴转率达100%.尾蚴在10-5mol/L吡喹酮溶液中出现强烈挛缩、断尾,40 min断尾率为96.6%～100%.毛蚴在5×10-7mol/L吡喹酮溶液中发生形态改变,5 min形态改变率92.3%～100%.虫卵在5×10-6mol/L吡喹酮溶液中浸泡24 h后孵出率为0.结论与曼氏血吸虫相比较,日本血吸虫成虫、尾蚴、毛蚴和虫卵对吡喹酮更为敏感.     

吡喹酮对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化的治疗作用及宿主miRNA表达变化

目的研究吡喹酮对日本血吸虫虫卵引起的肝纤维化的治疗作用及其可能的机制。方法选用BALB/c小鼠建立日本血吸虫感染小鼠模型,实验组以250 mg/(kg·d)吡喹酮连续用药3 d进行杀虫,再以600 mg/(kg·d)连续给药30 d进行抗纤维化治疗;对照组仅进行吡喹酮杀虫。以肝组织羟脯氨酸含量等指标评定小鼠肝纤维化的程度,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测各组肝组织中某些微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的表达水平。各组检测结果以t检验进行统计学分析。结果经过吡喹酮治疗后,小鼠肝脏羟脯氨酸含量等肝纤维化指标明显降低,小鼠肝脏羟脯氨酸含量:感染后第75天,感染组、杀虫组、治疗组依次为(0.86±0.07)、(0.66±0.06)、(O.25±0.05)mg/g肝湿重,治疗组低于感染组和杀虫组(t=12.86,P0.01)。同时小鼠肝脏的部分miRNA表达水平发生了明显改变,治疗组与杀虫组相比较,Col I、miR-223、miR-146b、miR-142-5p、miR-199a-5p、miR-34c*、miR-195依次下调了62%、38%、75%、77%、40%、54%和56%。结论吡喹酮对日本血吸虫病肝纤维化有一定的治疗作用,其作用可能与调节某些宿主miRNA的表达水平有关。     

左旋吡喹酮与右旋吡喹酮治疗对体内日本血吸虫皮层…

感染日本血吸虫３５ｄ的小鼠用左旋吡喹酮（Ｌ－Ｐｒａ）１５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，或右旋吡喹酮（Ｄ－Ｐｒａ）１５０．６００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１次灌胃治疗，在给药后的１５ｍｉｎ，１、２、４、８、２４ｈ分别解剖取虫，以扫描电镜观察血吸虫的皮层变化。结果，发现，Ｌ－Ｐｒａ１５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１对血吸虫可引起明显和广泛的损害，包括皮层的严重肿胀、融合、糜烂和剥落，并伴有宿主白细胞的粘附；盘状感觉器官亦示有明显的肿胀     

吡喹酮治疗对血吸虫感染小鼠免疫病理变化的影响

目的 :阐明吡喹酮治疗对血吸虫感染宿主免疫病理的影响。方法 :应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术 ,观察日本血吸虫感染小鼠在吡喹酮治疗后肝组织内可溶性虫卵抗原 ( SEA)及抗体水平和虫卵肉芽肿的变化。结果 :治疗后 5wk,与对照组相比 ,治疗组减虫率为 98.3% ,平均肝重量和体积均显著减小 ,治愈小鼠的肝表面结节明显减少 ,组织内沉积的虫卵已钙化 ,部分虫卵肉芽肿已呈纤维疤痕样改变 ,对照组肝内仍可见慢性和少量急性虫卵肉芽肿。治疗组肝组织内抗原水平下降 ,而其抗体水平不受影响 ,肝内虫卵肉芽肿的平均直径和面积均较对照组显著缩小 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :吡喹酮治疗可使肝组织内 SEA水平下降 ,从而抑制了虫卵肉芽肿的病变 ,但不能逆转已形成的虫卵肉芽肿病变。     

环孢菌素A和吡喹酮联合应用预防小鼠血吸虫性肝纤维化的研究

目的：观察环孢菌素Ａ和吡喹酮联合应用对小鼠血吸虫性肝纤维化的影响。方法：感染第５ｗｋ末给药，吡喹酮８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ１次喂服及环孢菌素Ａ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ皮下注射，每日１次，连续５日。结果：联合用药组血清游离羟脯氨酸水平在９、１２、１５ｗｋ分别为７．９１±０．２１、９．０３±１．６６、９．６９±１．２３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，显著低于单独应用吡喹酮组的１０．１３±１．４５、１１．２３±１．３４和１１．８９±１．６２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）；第９ｗｋ时肝脏虫卵肉芽肿面积（１．０８×１０５μｍ２）和其中胶原纤维的百分含量（１８．９１％±７．８２％），分别显著小于单独应用吡喹酮组（１．７２×１０５μｍ２和２９．４１％±１３．０９％）（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：联合用药组的肝脏纤维化程度较单独用吡喹酮者为轻。     

吡喹酮早期治疗对日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿形成的影响

感染日本血吸虫尾蚴的小鼠分别于感染后35d(PQT_1组)和45d(PQT_2组)用治愈剂量吡喹酮治疗。观察感染后45～115d的肝脏肉芽肿的体积变化。结果:PQT_1组治后10d不能或仅形成很小的虫卵肉芽肿,体积较对照组缩小73.01％,至115d肉芽肿体积缩小98.55％;PQT_2组治疗前肉芽肿体积与对照无明显差别,治后2周肉芽肿缩小43.20％,至115d肉芽肿缩小95.65％。认为吡喹酮不但可以抑制虫卵肉芽肿的形成,而且可以限制已形成的肉芽肿的进一步发展。     

Serologic and ultrasonographic parameters of praziquantel treatment of hepatic fibrosis in Schistosoma japonicum infection

We describe the parameters useful in evaluating the development of hepatic fibrosis in Schistosoma japonicum infection, as well as its improvement after treatment with praziquantel (PZQ). Various serologic parameters and ultrasonographic images were examined, and their changes were monitored using rabbits infected with 200 or 300 cercariae of S. japonicum. Infected rabbits were administered one oral treatment of PZQ at a dosage of 100 mg/kg at 6, 12, or 24 weeks after infection. Histopathologic examinations revealed that PZQ had a strong and rapid effect, even on damage that developed long after the infection. The improvement of moderate hepatic fibrosis that developed over 24 weeks after infection was also detected by histopathologic examinations. The serum level of total bile acid was the most sensitive parameter in evaluating the severity of hepatic fibrosis and its improvement after treatment with PZQ. The level of serum procollagen-III-peptide was also useful in evaluating the development of hepatic fibrosis, but not in its improvement. Ultrasonography revealed specific echogenic bands and nodules according to the progress of granuloma formation and fibrosis, and the reversal of these changes could also be observed after treatment with PZQ.     

吡喹酮透皮给药治疗小鼠日本血吸虫病效果

目的 观察吡喹酮透皮剂对不同发育阶段日本血吸虫感染和再感染早期的治疗效果。方法 各试验组昆明小鼠均感染日本血吸虫尾蚴40±2条, 对一次感染和再感染早期的昆明小鼠进行透皮治疗。各试验均设对照组, 感染后42 d 解剖冲虫, 计算减虫率、 减肝卵率和减毛蚴孵化率, 评价透皮剂的治疗效果。ELISA检测初次感染和再感染不同时期IgG 抗体水平的动态变化。结果 首次感染后1、 7、 14、 21、 28 d减虫率分别为48.9%、 0、 28.8%、 84.3%、 70.2%; 再感染后1 d和 14 d减虫率分别为85.6%和90.8%。首次感染后随感染时间延长, 小鼠体内特异性IgG抗体水平逐渐上升; 再感染后小鼠体内针对小鼠抗虫卵可溶性抗原特异性IgG 阳性和阴性比值明显上升。结论 吡喹酮透皮剂对不同发育阶段的日本血吸虫均有不同程度的杀灭作用, 对再感染早期童虫的减虫效果更好。     

芍药苷对感染血吸虫小鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的探讨小鼠感染日本血吸虫后经吡喹酮治疗的不同时期,给予芍药苷对肝组织虫卵肉芽肿和纤维化的影响。方法以日本血吸虫尾蚴感染BALB/c小鼠构建肝纤维化模型,随机分为(Ⅰ)杀虫前给药组、(Ⅱ)杀虫同时给药组及(Ⅲ)杀虫后给药组。除正常组外,杀虫治疗、芍药苷治疗组和对照组小鼠分别于感染后12d、42d和72d给予芍药苷和对照,并于102d、132d和162d处死。检测透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅢP)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、虫卵肉芽肿大小、肝纤维化分级以及胶原Ⅰ的表达。结果在组Ⅰ和组Ⅲ,芍药苷明显降低血清中HA、PⅢP和肝组织中Hyp的含量,减小虫卵结节并降低肝纤维化严重程度分级,降低胶原Ⅰ的表达(P<0.05或P<0.01);在组Ⅱ,大部分指标没有明显差别(P>0.05)。结论芍药苷无论是早期或延后给药,都具有抑制虫卵肉芽肿,减少胶原的生成从而对抗小鼠血吸虫性肝纤维化的作用。     

防蚴灵现场防护血吸虫感染效果

目的 目的 观察抗血吸虫感染新植物药防蚴灵现场防护效果。方法 方法 选择湖北省潜江市熊口镇赵脑村和瞄场村村 民为研究对象, 接触疫水前涂擦防蚴灵的村民作为实验组 （A组）, 未涂擦村民为对照组 （B组）。对两组村民进行问卷调 查, 并进行保护率 （血检和粪检） 比较。结果 结果 A组共调查139人, 血检阳性率为3.13％, 粪检阳性率为1.92％; B组共调查 162人, 血检阳性率为9.34％, 粪检阳性率为6.44%, 两组各率间差异均有统计学意义 （P均＜0.05）。结论 结论 防蚴灵具有 较好的现场防护血吸虫感染作用。     

Sensitivity of different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum from China to praziquantel.

Groups of C57BL inbred mice infected with each of the 4 different isolates, (Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan) of Schistosoma japonicum from the mainland of China were treated with praziquantel (PZQ) and the parasiticidal effects were compared. Worm reduction rate was recorded to assess systematically the sensitivity of 4 different isolates to PZQ in the mouse. Three dosage-levels of PZQ, ie 150, 230 and 310 mg/kg body weight in single doses were used. The worm development rates of control groups infected with schistosomes from Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan were 75.5, 81.8, 81.5, and 83.0%, respectively. At the dosage-level of 150 mg/kg, the worm reduction rates for the 4 different isolates were 36.0, 33.9, 25.5 and 35.6%, respectively. At the dosage-level of 230 mg/kg, the rates were 47.1, 46.0, 38.1 and 47.7%, while at the dosage-level of 310 mg/kg, they were 59.3, 58.6, 50.8 and 61.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the worm reduction rate of the Sichuan isolate was lower than that of the other three isolates, however, the differences were not statistically significant, suggesting that schistosomes of Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan isolates bear resemblance in drug response.     

Susceptibility of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in China

To look for possible evidence of the development of resistance in Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel, we conducted a field study in China. During the non-transmission period of schistosomiasis a random sample of 2860 individuals from six villages in three provinces of China were examined using a parasitological stool examination. Of the 372 stool-positive subjects, 363 subjects were treated with a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel. Six to Seven weeks after treatment, of 334 subjects examined using the same stool examination, stool-negative results were found in 319 patients which represents a 95.5% parasitologic cure rate. Fifteen subjects still excreting eggs were treated a second time with the same dose of praziquantel. All stool samples, including those from participants re-treated with praziquantel, were re-examined 12 weeks after the first treatment and no stool-positive subjects were found. The results indicate that there was no evidence for reduced susceptibility of S. japonicum to praziquantel despite its extensive use in the main endemic areas of China for more than 10 years. The in vitro responses to praziquantel of cercariae, miracidia and eggs of S. japonicum compared with S. mansoni demonstrate that the cercariae, miracidia and eggs of S. japonicum are more sensitive to praziquantel than those of S. mansoni. More sensitive worms would be less likely to develop resistance and this could explain why no evidence for resistance was found in S. japonicum in China.