从远期生活质量再议胰肠吻合与胰胃吻合合理选择

选择合理的消化道重建方式是减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症发生以及提高生活质量的关键。目前,各种研究报道的众多消化道重建方法均未脱离胰肠吻合和胰胃吻合两大基本方式。这两种基于不同消化道器官的重建方式在围手术期并发症发生率和病死率方面差异无统计学意义,但从已发表的文献可见,两种主要的吻合方式对胰腺远期内外分泌功能以及生活质量的影响仍处于矛盾和争议之中。相对而言,对可能获得长期生存或已经有胰腺内外分泌功能不全的病人,可考虑首选胰肠吻合;而对于难以行胰肠吻合的病人,可考虑胰胃吻合。总之,选择何种重建方式应综合考虑外科医生的经验、病人原发疾病类型和胰腺内外分泌功能状态等诸多因素做出决定。     

中段胰腺切除术胰胃吻合10例报告

正中段胰腺切除术对病人内外分泌功能影响较小,近年来逐渐被应用于胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤的治疗,以往文献报道的重建方式均为胰腺空肠吻合,扬州大学临床医学院肝胆胰外科对中段胰腺切除的手术方式进行了改进,采用胰胃吻合进行消化道重建。自2011年11月至2015年3月以来的共施行10例,效果满意。报告如下。     

胰十二指肠切除术改进胰肠及胃肠吻合方式52例观察

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术改进胰肠及胃肠吻合方式对患者近期和远期并发症的影响。方法对52例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者进行消化道重建,方式为胰肠、胆肠和胃肠顺序。胰肠吻合在完成胰十二指肠切除后,游离胰腺残端2．5～3．0cm,将准备与胰腺吻合的空肠袢断端浆肌层剥除,制成黏膜瓣,长度与胰腺断面前后径相当,施行黏膜瓣覆盖胰腺断面的套叠式胰空肠端端吻合术;胃肠吻合是在胃或十二指肠球部与胰胆侧肠袢之间问置30cm空肠施行胃肠道重建。结果术后发生胰漏2例（3．8％）,经充分引流并给予生长抑素、肠内营养等保守治疗愈合,无腹腔感染及大出血等严重并发症。术后随访3年,随访率为88．5％（46／52）,术后半年95．0％（38／40）的患者消化吸收功能基本正常,营养状况良好,未发生逆行性胆管炎、胆汁反流性胃炎、胃肠吻合口溃疡。结论施行胰十二指肠切除消化道重建过程中,采用黏膜瓣覆盖胰腺断面的套叠式胰空肠端端吻合术有助于减少胰漏等近期并发症在胃或十二指肠球部与胰胆侧肠袢之间间置空肠,可减少胃肠道反流等远期并发症。     

胰胃吻合术临床应用的研究进展

胰胃吻合术作为胰十二指肠切除术后胰腺残端与消化道重建的一种方法.对其研究主要涉及手术方法、术后胰瘘的发病率及残胰的内外分泌功能及对消化道的影响,并往往与胰肠吻合作对比研究.本文结合胰胃吻合术的应用历史就上述相关方面的研究进展作一综述.     

中段胰腺切除治疗胰颈体部肿瘤13例体会

目的总结中段胰腺切除治疗胰颈体部肿瘤的临床经验。方法对胰颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤13例患者行中段胰腺切除术治疗。术中游离胰颈体部切除肿瘤,行Roux-en-Y胰肠吻合或胰胃吻合。单吻合法5例,"Ω"形双吻合法6例,胰胃吻合法2例,胰肠吻合均放置肠造口管充分减压引流。结果切除胰腺平均直径4.3 cm,手术时间(237±43)分钟,出血量(287±75)ml。术后胰瘘2例,出血2例。浆液性囊腺瘤2例,黏液性囊腺瘤1例,实性假乳头状瘤3例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤2例,神经内分泌瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例,功能性胰岛细胞瘤2例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤1例。均痊愈出院,平均住院时间(18±5)天,随访9个月~3年未见低血糖和肿瘤复发及新发糖尿病。结论个体化中段胰腺切除术适合胰颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤治疗,保护了胰腺内外分泌功能,是一种安全、疗效确切的手术方式。     

胰十二指肠切除胰肠/胃常见吻合方式的选择

胰腺癌是一种较为常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,胰腺癌中胰头癌占60％～70％,其手术方式是胰十二指肠切除术,该手术创伤大,术后并发症多,死亡率高,而胰瘘是其中最为严重的并发症之一.胰腺重建是胰十二指肠切除术最关键的一步,其大致分为胰肠吻合和胰胃吻合,每种吻合又有若干吻合方式.术者需要根据具体情况选择合适的吻合方式.本文就胰腺常见重建方式进行综述.     

机器人“荣氏”胰腺中段切除术一例报道

正目前,胰腺中段切除术中胰腺吻合的主要方式为胰腺头侧断端封闭、胰腺尾侧断端行胰肠吻合或胰胃吻合。这两类重建方法已应用于开腹、腹腔镜和机器人胰腺中段切除术。然而,上述两种吻合方法无法维持消化道的完整性和胰液分泌的正常路径,存在一定局限性。笔者结合前期机器人手术和胰管修复手术的开展经验,于2017年8月30日完成1例机器人胰腺中段切除、胰管成形、胰腺端端吻合术(荣氏胰     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合口的重建

胰肠吻合口的重建是胰十二指肠切除术中重要的组成步骤,也是影响其成败的关键。根据重建方式的不同,主要分为胰腺-空肠吻合和胰胃吻合。根据胰腺残端与空肠吻合位置的不同,分为端端吻合和端侧吻合。在目前的随机对照研究中,胰腺-空肠吻合和胰胃吻合在胰漏的发生率方面无明显的差异。捆绑式胰肠和捆绑式胰胃吻合分别建立在经典胰肠（胃）吻合的基础上,操作简便,预防胰肠吻合口瘘效果确切。胰肠吻合口成功与否的影响因素包括胰腺质地和胰管大小等,胰管支撑管的放置可能有助于减少胰肠吻合口瘘的发生。胰十二指肠切除术中的消化道重建,应遵循简单、有效的原则,才能将胰肠吻合口瘘的发生减至最低。     

腹腔镜胰肠吻合术式选择与评价

历经20年的临床实践,腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术在我国发展迅速,胰肠吻合方式也不断有所创新及改良,不仅在理念层面深化了对吻合的认知,也推动了开放胰肠吻合术式的更新与进步。腹腔镜胰肠吻合多是在传统套入与胰管-黏膜吻合的基础上,结合腹腔镜手术操作的特点,围绕胰腺残端处理与胰管空肠重建进行的改良,尚无任何一种方式能适用于所有病人或完全避免胰瘘的发生。腹腔镜手术具有和开放手术完全不同的视角和操作方式,术者应结合本单位的设备条件、技术特点及熟练程度,根据病人的具体情况选择适宜的胰肠吻合方式。高质量的胰肠吻合应建立在安全、简便、可重复性好的基础上,并显著减少术后胰瘘的发生。     

胰腺十二指肠切除术中不同胰肠吻合术式对围手术期并发症的影响

胰腺十二指肠切除术式包括胰十二指肠切除术、胰腺中段切除术、胰腺远端切除术和胰腺局部切除术。胰头肿瘤发病率远高于胰腺其他部位,因此,胰十二指肠切除术的应用较为广泛,该手术无论从手术难度、切除毗邻脏器的数量范围和并发症的种类均超过其他胰腺手术。由于胰腺手术切除的部位不同,因而胰肠吻合的方式也各不相同。     

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??Make appropriate choices between pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy with considering the long-term quality of life LIU Xu-bao??XIONG Jun-jie. Department of Pancreatic Surgery??West China Hospital??Sichuan University??Chengdu 610041??China
Corresponding author??LIU Xu-bao??E-mail: xbliu@medmail.com.cn
Abstract To reduce the complications and improve the quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy??it is important to choose a reasonable way for digestive tract reconstruction. Many modifications of the reconstruction method have been proposed by clinical experts. However??pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy are two basic methods for pancreatic stump and digestive tract reconstruction. While no significant differences in the perioperative complications and mortality have been described between these two reconstruction methods. Basing on current published literature??there is ongoing debate on which method to choose for reconstruction in consideration of the effect for pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function and quality of life. Relatively speaking??for some patients who may achieve long-term survival or have insufficient pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function??the pancreaticojejunostomy should be the first choice. However??pancreaticogastrostomy may be the choice for patients with difficult pancreaticojejunostomy. In conclusion??we should make a decision for the choice in reconstruction method after pancreaticoduodenectomy in view of the experience of the surgeon??the type of primary disease??and pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function.     

Pancreaticogastrostomy: a novel application after central pancreatectomy

BACKGROUND: Limited middle segment pancreatectomy, or central pancreatectomy, has been described for sparing normal pancreatic tissue during resection of benign neoplasms of the pancreatic neck. Anatomic reconstruction after central pancreatectomy has been reported in other series with creation of a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum for a mucosa-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. STUDY DESIGN: Hospital charts and outpatient records were reviewed for 12 consecutive patients undergoing central pancreatectomy from August 1999 to November 2002. RESULTS: We performed central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy in 12 patients: 5 with serous cystadenomas, 6 with mucinous cystadenomas, and 1 with neuroendocrine tumor. All tumors were located in the body or neck of the pancreas, measuring a mean +/- standard deviation (SD) of 2.5 +/- 1.2 cm. Median postoperative hospital stay was 6.5 days (range 5 to 15 days). There were no intraoperative complications. Perioperative complications included two urinary tract infections and one readmission for acute pancreatitis. There were no pancreatic leaks or fistulas in this series. Two of the 12 patients experienced endocrine insufficiency with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels during outpatient followup. None of the 12 patients experienced exocrine insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction is safe and technically advantageous over Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy, and should be considered a safe reconstruction technique after central pancreatectomy for benign disease.     

CENTRAL PANCREATECTOMY FOR BENIGN PANCREATIC PATHOLOGY/TRAUMA: IS IT A REASONABLE PANCREAS‐PRESERVING CONSERVATIVE SURGICAL STRATEGY ALTERNATIVE TO STANDARD MAJOR PANCREATIC RESECTION?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, safety and outcome of central pancreatectomy (CP) with pancreaticogastrostomy or pancreaticojejunostomy in appropriately selected patients with benign central pancreatic pathology/trauma. Benign lesions/trauma of the pancreatic neck and proximal body pose an interesting surgical challenge. CP is an operation that allows resection of benign tumours located in the pancreatic isthmus that are not suitable for enucleation. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2005, eight central pancreatectomies were carried out. There were six women and two men with a mean age of 35.7 years. The cephalic pancreatic stump is oversewn and the distal stump is anastomosed end-to-end with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop in two and with the stomach in six patients. The indications for CP were: non-functional islet cell tumours in two patients, traumatic pancreatic neck transection in two and one each for insulinoma, solid pseudopapillary tumour, splenic artery pseudoaneurysm and pseudocyst. Pancreatic exocrine function was evaluated by a questionnaire method. Endocrine function was evaluated by blood glucose level. RESULTS: Morbidity rate was 37.5% with no operative mortality. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 10.5 days. Neither of the patients developed pancreatic fistula nor required reoperations or interventional radiological procedures. At a mean follow up of 26.4 months, no patient had evidence of endocrine or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, all the patients were alive and well without clinical and imaging evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSION: When technically feasible, CP is a safe, pancreas-preserving pancreatectomy for non-enucleable benign pancreatic pathology/trauma confined to pancreatic isthmus that allows for cure of the disease without loss of substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma with preservation of exocrine/endocrine function and without interruption of enteric continuity.     

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for benign pancreatic pathology

Benign lesions of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas pose an interesting surgical challenge. If the lesions are not amenable to simple enucleation, surgeons may be faced with the choice of performing a right-sided resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy) or a left-sided resection (distal pancreatectomy) to include the lesion, resulting in resection of a substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma. Central pancreatic resection has been reported with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction; however, this interrupts small bowel continuity and obligates an additional anastomosis.We have reviewed our experience with central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) for benign central pancreatic pathology. Between January 1999 and December 2002, 14 central pancreatectomies were performed with PG reconstruction. There were 7 women and 7 men with a mean age of 60.9 years. Five resections were performed for islet cell tumors, three were performed for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, two were performed for serous cystadenoma, and one each was performed for a simple cyst, pseudocyst, mucinous metaplasia, and focal chronic pancreatitis. Seven out of 14 patients experienced a total of 10 complications. Pancreatic fistulae manifested by drainage of amylase-rich fluid from the operatively placed drains developed in 5 patients (36%). Reoperation or interventional radiologic procedures were not required in any patient with a fistula. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated 13 out of 14 patients to be alive and well without evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. One patient died at home on postoperative day 57 of cardiac pathology. Central pancreatectomy withPGis a safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function without disruption of enteric continuity. The complication of pancreatic fistula was managed conservatively via maintenance of operatively placed drains. Presented at the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Orlando, Florida, May 18–21, 2003 (poster presentation).     

中段胰腺切除术19例临床分析

背景与目的:胰十二指肠切除术(PD)和胰体尾切除术(DP)被认为是治疗胰腺肿瘤的标准术式.然而,它们应用于治疗良性或低度恶性肿瘤时可能导致的胰腺内外分泌功能不足需引起重视.本研究旨在探讨中段胰腺切除术(CP)治疗胰颈部或近端体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析南昌大学第一附属医院2009年6月—2020年...     

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy in children

Children requiring surgical intervention for pancreatic disease may be at risk long term for exocrine insufficiency and glucose intolerance. Pediatric surgeons must balance the need to perform adequate surgical resection while preserving as much normal pancreatic parenchyma as possible. Neoplasms of the middle pancreatic segment with low malignant potential and isolated trauma to the pancreatic body or neck represent 2 conditions where extensive pancreatic resection is unnecessary. Central pancreatectomy for such lesions is well described in adults. Reconstruction of the distal pancreatic remnant is traditionally performed via Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy. Pancreaticogastrostomy is an alternative approach that has been used to reconstruct the distal pancreas in the adults. Pancreaticogastrostomy offers several technical advantages over pancreaticojejunostomy. Because children may be uniquely susceptible to the long-term consequences of excessive pancreatic resection, 2 cases using this technique of central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy are described.     

Reconstrucción anastomótica y drenaje externo del conducto de Wirsung como tratamiento de la estenosis pancreato-yeyunal posduodenopancreatectomía cefálica

Stenosis of the pancreaticodigestive anastomosis (pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy) is a very rare complication that usually develops several years after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Only a few cases have been previously reported. We have reviewed the literature and present 2 more cases of pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis that started with episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis 6 years and 1 year after PD, respectively. Diagnosis was based on symptoms of pancreatitis (12-15 episodes between 5 and 20 months after PD) and CT and MRI scans. Both patients were treated by resection of the pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis, including a 1-cm slice of pancreatic parenchyma in contact with the jejunum, followed by a new well-vascularized two-layer end-to-side PJ with external drainage of the Wirsung duct. Catheter drainage was exteriorized through a jejunal limb using the Witzel technique. Postsurgical course was uneventful in both cases, and after a follow-up period of 3 and 2.5 years, respectively, the patients remain asymptomatic but with endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. Resection of the PJ and construction of a new PJ with external stent drainage of the Wirsung duct is our preferred surgical option in the rare cases of PJ stenosis after a Whipple procedure.     

Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis

Debilitating abdominal or back pain remains the most common indication for surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The surgical approach to chronic pancreatitis should be individualized based on pancreatic and ductal anatomy, pain characteristics, baseline exocrine and endocrine function, and medical co-morbidity. No single approach is ideal for all patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic ductal drainage with pancreaticojejunostomy targets patients with a dilated pancreatic duct and produces good early postoperative pain relief; however, 30%–50% of patients experience recurrent symptoms at 5 years. Resection for chronic pancreatitis should be considered (1) when the main pancreatic duct is not dilated, (2) when the pancreatic head is enlarged, (3) when there is suspicion of a malignancy, or (4) when previous pancreaticojejunostomy has failed. Re-sectional strategies include pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, total pancreatectomy, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (Beger procedure), or local resection of the pancreatic head with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (Frey procedure). Superior results are obtained when the pancreatic head is resected, either completely (pancreaticoduodenectomy) or partially (Beger or Frey procedure). Although pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the gold standard resection procedure, there is evidence that newer operations, such as the Beger resection, may be as effective in regard to pain relief and better in respect to nutritional repletion and preservation of endocrine and exocrine function. Received: April 20, 2002 / Accepted: May 13, 2002 Offprint requests to: H.A. Reber     

Pancréatectomie médiane avec anastomose pancréatogastrique pour néoformation pancréatique

Aim of the studyTo report a personal series of ten patients who underwent a medial pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for tumor of the pancreas.Material and methodsAn equal number of five patients had solid and cystic tumors. The solid tumors were all endocrine and included two cases of insulinoma and solitary cases of VIPoma, glucagonoma, and non-secreting tumor. Five patients had a cystic tumor which was in two cases a serous cystadenoma, and in the other cases, a mucinous cystadenoma, a solid pseudopapillary tumor, and a solitary hydatid cyst of the pancreas. The operative procedure included a middle segment pancreatectomy, a suture of the proximal pancreatic stump, an anastomosis of the distal pancreatic stump with the stomach and an external transgastric drainage of the distal main pancreatic duct.ResultsIn the postoperative course, a sero-hematic collection close to the anastomosis occurred in four patients and required external drainage in three cases. All patients recovered without sequela of pancreatic dysfunction.ConclusionThis series confirms the place of medial pancreatectomy in resection of non-enucleable tumors of the middle part of the pancreas. It also shows that pancreaticogastrostomy is a technical simplification compared to Roux-en Y pancreaticojejunostomy in this particular modality of pancreatectomy.