Inflation-deflation method for endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral haematoma

Summary   Background. Endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral haematoma (ICH) has the advantage of being less invasive than craniotomy, but limited visualisation and difficulties in haemostasis are still a concern. The collapse of the haematoma cavity limits the visualisation of the surgical field. Inflation of the haematoma cavity with saline irrigation improves visualisation and facilitates accurate intra-operative orientation. Method. A unique technique, the cavity inflation–deflation method can help in exploring the residual haematoma and accessing the bleeding points. We also developed a combined irrigation-coagulation suction tube that concentrates the capabilities of suction, irrigation and monopolar coagulation. Findings. The use of this multifunctional dedicated instrument and its application in the cavity inflation–deflation method allows for easy identification of residual haematoma and bleeding vessels. Secure haemostasis can also be accomplished under clear visualisation. No surgical complications and rebleeding occurred in any patient following the procedure. Our results show that the median haematoma evacuation rate was 99% and the surgical outcome was satisfactory. Conclusions. The inflation–deflation method using a combined irrigation-coagulation suction tube can facilitate optimal evacuation of ICH with secure haemostasis. Although further accumulation of patients and careful analyses are needed to be known whether this procedure improves the clinical outcomes in the patients, the preliminary results of its application have been promising. Correspondence: Toru Nagasaka, Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, 3-35 Michishita-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya 453-8511, Japan.     

Plasma interleukin 11 levels correlate with outcome of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL) 11 is a multipotential cytokine with anti-inflammatory and fibrogenic properties. It is released into the peripheral blood from damaged brain tissue. The objective of this study was to determine plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) levels of IL-11 in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to correlate IL-11 with survival, related edema of the brain, volume of hematoma, and hydrocephalus. METHODS: Forty-three patients with spontaneous ICH were included. Twenty-three were male, and 20 were female. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 years. Plasma and CSF samples were collected on the first, second, third, and fourth days after spontaneous ICH onset. RESULTS: The levels of IL-11 in CSF (123.9 +/- 107 pg/mL) were 5 times higher than those in plasma (25.5 +/- 18.0 pg/mL) on the first day (P = .001 by paired t test) in our spontaneous ICH patients, and this significant difference persisted up to the third day of ICH. Plasma IL-11 levels in the nonsurvival group (41.2 +/- 18.9 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in the survival group (22.2 +/- 15.2 pg/mL) on the second day of ICH onset (P = .024 by Mann-Whitney U test), and the significant difference extended to the fourth day. Plasma IL-11 levels of the hydrocephalus group were higher than those of the nonhydrocephalus group in the first 4 days of ICH, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: IL-11 was highly associated with mortality caused by spontaneous ICH and correlated with the hydrocephalus occurring after ICH onset. It is our belief that IL-11 can be a useful clinical marker for spontaneous ICH patients.     

小骨窗开颅术与血肿穿刺引流治疗高血压脑出血的比较

目的比较小骨窗开颅术和颅骨钻孔血肿穿刺引流术的临床效果。方法2000年1月~2005年1月,我院将320例高血压脑出血分为小骨窗开颅组(n=178)和颅骨钻孔血肿穿刺引流组(n=142),比较2组术后疗效和残死率。结果引流组手术时间(41.5±26.0)m in明显短于开颅组的(126.1±34.0)m in(t=-24.482,P=0.000)。术后7 d复查CT,血肿完全清除率开颅组(78.1%,139/178)明显高于引流组(59.9%,85/142)(2χ=12.501,P=0.000),待患者出院时颅内血肿均基本消除。术后1年恢复率(ADLⅠ~Ⅲ级)引流组(73.9%,105/142)与开颅组(78.1%,139/178)无显著性差异(2χ=0.101,P=0.750)。结论小骨窗开颅术和颅骨钻孔血肿穿刺引流术的临床早期治疗效果理想,开颅术血肿清除率高于引流术,引流术手术时间较短,利于深部血肿的清除。     

高血压脑出血显微外科手术治疗效果

目的 评价显微外科治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析显微外科手术处理的高血压脑出血90例的临床特点并总结经验。结果 临床治疗90例，术后存活78例，死亡12例。获随访66例，9例院外死亡，其余57例的生存质量按日常活动生活质量标准（ADL）评定，分别为：I级18例、Ⅱ级23例、Ⅲ级10例、IV级4例和V级2例。结论 应用显微外科技术治疗高血压脑出血可以明显提高临床疗效。     

Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt

A serious intracerebral hemorrhage occurred as a result of a measurement for grip power performed on the 7th postoperative day of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This type of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt has not been described in the literature. The increased intracranial venous pressure produced by Valsalva's effect induced this complication, which is also considered to be the same mechanism as traumatic delayed intracerebral hemorrhage.     

高血压脑出血死亡相关因素分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血死亡相关因素的病理生理机制及防治措施，分析高血压脑出血的临床评价及预后因素。方法手术治疗52例高血压脑出血患者，其中术后死亡24例，对死亡病例及存活病例的年龄、出血量、出血部位、手术时机、术后并发症等因素进行分析。判断各因素与预后的关系。结果单变量分析表明，年龄>61岁、血肿位置、手术时机、术前意识与预后有重要相关性，血肿量与预后没有显著相关性。结论要降低高血压脑出血术后死亡率，应超早期手术，积极预防及控制术后并发症，对年龄>61岁的高血压脑出血患者应严格把握手术指征。     

手术治疗108例高血压性脑出血疗效分析

目的:探讨高血压性脑出血的不同手术方式的治疗效果。方法:回顾1998年1月至2003年1月手术治疗高血压性脑出血108例,根据入院时的病情,出血部位及血肿量,将病人分级分型,分别采用小骨窗开颅血肿清除术,大骨瓣开颅血肿清除瓣去骨瓣减压术,血肿穿刺尿激酶冲洗引流术,观察手术效果。结果:生存病例按日常生活能力分为:良好(恢复正常工作与生活)26例;中(生活自理)46例;差(生活不能自理)23例;死亡13例。结论:根据高血压性脑出血病人的入院情况,选择适当的手术方式,积极防治并发症,可提高手术效果。     

小骨窗开颅在老年人高血压性脑出血中的临床应用

目的探索小骨窗开颅治疗老年人高血压性脑出血的手术方法. 方法 2000年1月～2003年8月利用CT定位,小骨窗开颅治疗老年人高血压性脑出血50例. 结果术后12 h内复查头颅CT,血肿清除均达90%以上.术后6个月生存质量按ADL评价:Ⅰ级10例(20.0%),Ⅱ级21例(42.0%),Ⅲ级9例(18.0%),Ⅳ级3例(6.0%),Ⅴ级2例(4.0%),Ⅵ级5例(10.0%). 结论高龄并非高血压性脑出血手术禁忌,采取小骨窗开颅微创术可取得较为满意的效果.     

Combined epidural and intracerebral hematomas after evacuation of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma

Bleeding after surgery for chronic subdural hematoma far from the operative site is a rare phenomenon with possibly serious consequences. We report a case of combined epidural and intracerebral hemorrhage immediately after evacuation of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma. The epidural hematoma was evacuated by emergency craniotomy, but the deep parenchymal hematoma was treated conservatively. The patient recovered progressively with a good outcome. Approximately 30 cases of chronic subdural hematomas complicated by intracerebral hematoma were previously reported, but only seven cases of epidural hematoma. These complications could be avoided if slow, gradual decompression is used during surgery. Clinicians should suspect its occurrence without delay when a postoperative neurological deterioration is demonstrated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.     

血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大的相关分析

目的 揭示血浆和肽素浓度对脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值.方法选取106脑出血患者和106例健康体检者,采用ELISA法检测血浆和肽素浓度,记录血肿扩大病例,统计分析血浆和肽素浓度与血肿扩大的相关性.结果经t检验,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度（470.24±172.05）pg/mL较健康体检者（62.76±24.77）pg/ml显著升高（P〈0.01）.经Spearman相关分析,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度与血肿量（r=0.58,P〈0.01）和格拉斯哥昏迷评分（r=-0.57,P〈0.01）显著相关性.本组脑出血病例发生血肿扩大 32例（30.19%）.二分类Logistic回归分析显示,入院时血浆和肽素浓度是血肿扩大的独立危险因素（OR=1.22,95%CI=1.10~2.91,P〈0.01）.ROC曲线分析显示,血浆和肽素浓度显著预测血肿扩大（曲线下面积=0.86,95%CI=0.78~0.92,P〈0.01）,且血浆和肽素浓度大于414.03 pg/mL,对预测血肿扩大有87.50%的灵敏度和67.57%的特异度.结论血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大密切相关.     

老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创术后短期预后的危险因素分析

目的:了解老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者微创术后短期预后情况,并分析危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月—2021年2月铜陵市人民医院和铜陵市立医院收治的96例老年高血压基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料,根据预后结局的不同将患者分为预后良好组( n＝34)及预后不良组( n＝62),比较两组的临床...     

Cerebral neoplasms initially presenting with massive intracerebral hemorrhage

In three patients, clinically silent brain tumors led to massive intracerebral hemorrhage. These patients represented 0.6% of 497 consecutive patients with primary or secondary brain tumors and 2.5% of 119 patients with hypertensive or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Examination by computed tomography and angiography provided no evidence suggestive of the presence of neoplasms. All three patients were surgically treated and the lesions were histologically confirmed to be metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, metastatic clear-cell carcinoma and low-grade astrocytoma, respectively.     

多参数定位在高血压性脑出血定向置管术中的应用

目的探讨多参数定位立体定向血肿腔内置管治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效及适应证。方法2003年10月-2005年5月，我院对56例高血压性脑出血采用立体定向技术，对人颅点、穿刺平面、穿刺角度、深度、引流管侧孔长度进行精确设定。必要时选择一孔多点置管。结果根据GOS评分，恢复良好12例（21．4％），中残29例（51．8％），重残12例（21．4％），死亡3例（5．4％）。结论多参数定位立体定向血肿腔内置管治疗高血压性脑出血，定位准确，创伤小，疗效显著。10—60ml血肿均可进行该手术，尤其适用于年老体弱及深部血肿患者。手术时机以发病3—6h为宜。     

Modified screw-and-suction technique for stereotactic evacuation of deep intracerebral hematomas

A new “screw-and-suction” device modified from Backlund's prototype for stereotactic evacuation of intracerebral hematoma is described. This modification can facilitate the evacuation of the hematoma in a smooth and gentle manner. The instrument has been applied to six patients with intracerebral hematomas in the basal ganglia region. Of these patients, five recovered to a satisfactory condition and one died. Our preliminary experience shows that most of the hematomas can be effectively evacuated by a computed tomography-guided stereotactic technique. The procedure may be indicated as an alternative treatment for high-risk patients with deep-seated hematomas.     

经肛门内镜微创手术治疗直肠肿瘤

目的:比较相同适应证下经肛门内镜微创手术(transanal endoscopic microsurgery,TEM)和传统手术治疗直肠肿瘤的效果。方法:回顾分析63例直肠原发距肛缘4cm以上的良性肿瘤和T2期前恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。2005年3月至2007年3月为34例患者行传统手术,包括经肛门局部切除术、Kraske术、Dixon术;2007年3月至2009年3月为29例患者行TEM手术。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、疾病种类和肿瘤分期具有可比性,TEM组和传统手术组肿瘤直径(2.4cm vs.2.35cm,P=0.983)和肿瘤距肛门距离(8.0cm vs.7.0cm,P=0.296)差异无统计学意义。TEM组手术时间(58min vs.77.5min,P=0.044)、出血量(10ml vs.80ml,P0.001)、术后进食时间(1d vs.2d,P0.001)、术后住院时间(3d vs.5d,P0.001)和应用止痛药(0mg vs.10mg,P0.001)等方面优于传统手术组。两组短期并发症(2 vs.7,P=0.235)差异无统计学意义;TEM组在17个月的中位随访过程中未发现肿瘤复发,传统手术组中位随访40个月,2例(5.9%)复发。两组均无肿瘤相关死亡病例。结论:在把握适应证的前提下,TEM是治疗直肠肿瘤的有效方法。同传统手术相比,TEM具有患者创伤轻、住院时间短和并发症少等优点。     

经颈动脉注入神经干细胞治疗脑出血后遗症的时间窗及疗效

目的 探讨经颈动脉神经干细胞(NSCs)移植治疗大鼠脑出血(ICH)后遗症的适宜移植时间窗和疗效.方法 48只Wistar大鼠脑出血模型,随机分为实验组和对照组.分别于脑出血后第2、7、14、21、28天经颈动脉行5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU)体外标记的神经干细胞移植.对照组大鼠,仅接受颈动脉内注入等量DMEM培养液.每周测试大鼠行为功能评分;2个月后处死所有动物,行组织化学染色,观察神经干细胞在脑内的分布、分化,评定病灶体积大小.结果 与对照组比较,NSCs移植组大鼠行为功能改善明显(ANOVA,P＜0.05);脑出血第7天移植组在移植后第3周和ICH后第9周的行为功能评分显著优于其他时间移植组(SNK,P＜0.05).ICH后第7天和第14天移植组BrdU阳性细胞计数显著多于ICH后第2、21和第28天移植组.ICH后第2天移植的NSCs绝大部分分化为星形胶质细胞(84.5±7.6)%;而ICH后第21和28天移植的NSCs分化为神经元的比例明显增大(35.4±3.1)%、(37.2±4.1)%;然而,7～14 d移植组,分化为神经元的绝对数量显著高于其他治疗组(P＜0.01).结论 经皮颈动脉注射是一种可行的、微侵袭和高效的细胞移植方法.在脑出血后7～14 d期间进行神经干细胞移植,能显著提高细胞存活率和移植细胞分化为神经元,明显促进功能改善.     

YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎仪对高血压脑出血的微创治疗

目的探讨微创治疗高血压脑出血的临床效果。方法根据CT定位，使用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎仪对颅内血肿碎吸引流。结果治疗36例，存活出院34例，死亡2例。结论微创治疗高血压脑出血，操作简便、安全，疗效好，费用低，是对高血压脑出血治疗的有效的治疗方法。