B超检查腹部钝性闭合伤的诊断价值

本文用B超检查32例经手术、病理证实的腹部钝性闭合伤患者.单一脏器损伤占71.9%(23/32),脾破裂居各脏器损伤之首.分析了各类损伤的声像图特征,作者认为B超对于腹部钝性闭合伤的诊断非常有用,对于保守治疗患者的随诊观察亦很有价值.     

交通事故伤的特点与急救体会

目的 探讨交通事故伤的特点与救治对策,以提高救治水平.方法 采用自行设计调查表对356例交通事故伤患者进行问卷调查,分析创伤的特点.结果 356例中男多于女,以青壮年居多,双休日发生率高,夜间多于日间,多发性损伤多见.抢救成功333例.占伤者总数93.4％,死亡23例,占伤者总数6.6%.结论 交通事故伤多为多发伤,病情复杂而严重,要求分析全面,观察仔细,急救技术熟练,动作迅速,保持呼吸道通畅及积极抗体克是最基础和重要的措施.对脑干损伤、血气胸、肝脾破裂的患者行急诊手术止血是降低死亡率的主要措施.     

脾损伤的CT诊断及临床价值

本文对43例脾损伤病例均经过CT检查对脾损伤CT各级表现进行分析以及在临床治疗中的价值。 1 资料与方法 1．1 一般资料 本组患者43例。男25例，女7例。年龄18．70岁，平均33岁，43例均遭受腹部钝伤或刀伤。其中车撞伤17例，腹部拳击伤（或腿踢伤）10伤。     

严重多发伤脾破裂的超声诊断

严重多发伤中最重要的是要及时诊断有无内脏损伤,腹部内脏损伤中以脾破裂较多见.作者对136例严重多发伤中的脾破裂进行回顾性分析,现报道如下.     

多发伤合并脾破裂选择性非手术治疗的体会

<正>本院2008—2011年对18例外伤性脾破裂患者采用了非手术治疗,疗效满意,现报告如下。1临床资料本组共18例,男13例,女5例。年龄11~47岁,平均31.5岁。车祸损伤6例,坠落伤4例,合并骨盆骨折2例;合并左侧多发性肋骨骨折4例,合并左肾包膜下出血1例,合并颅脑损伤1     

创伤性脾破裂伴合并伤87例临床分析

创伤性脾破裂伴合并伤具有临床经过凶险、变化快等特点,如处理不及时,将危及生命。在临床上单纯性创伤性脾破裂诊断并不难,当合并伤存在时,由于病情复杂易出现误漏诊,故能否早期诊断,及时手术治疗,具有较高的临床价值。本文共收集我院1980年11月～1998年4月间收治的87例创伤性脾破裂伴合并伤患者的救治情况,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料:本组87例中男62例,女25例,年龄15～72岁。损伤类型:交通事故伤58例,     

腹腔镜脾保留手术在脾损伤中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜脾保留手术在脾损伤中的应用。方法随机选取2006年1月至2016年2月行脾保留手术的脾损伤患者125例,其中男92例,女33例,年龄4～79岁。根据脾损伤的分级,给予相应的腹腔镜脾保留手术。结果 125例脾损伤患者行腹腔镜脾保留手术,治愈121例(96.8%),其中单纯性脾损伤无合并伤98例均治愈,合并休克和其他器官损伤27例中治愈23例,死亡4例(3.2%)。结论腹腔镜脾保留手术在脾损伤中的应用是安全可靠的,但临床应依据患者病情选择脾的切除或保留,不应有任何条件下都保脾的错误观点。     

脾损伤非手术保脾的预见性护理

脾脏并非是可以随意切除的器官，已证明其具有抗感染等重要功能，最近的研究还证实其具有抗肿瘤的免疫功能。1995年1月-2003年12月，我院收治脾损伤患者207例，其中非手术保脾治疗76例，成功72例，现报道如下。     

剖腹探查术在腹部闭合伤中的应用体会

剖腹探查术在腹部闭合性损伤中的应用很广泛,且损伤部位及程度术前难以估计,正确掌握手术适应症及把握良好的手术时机显得尤其重要。探查过早可给患者带来不必要的创伤和痛苦,过晚又可能贻误病情,错过最佳时机。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况:1989年4月～2 0 0 3年2月我科共收治疑有腹部闭合性损伤患者2 60例,手术探查2 0 8例,占80 %。手术探查中男性14 4例,女性64例。年龄4岁～83岁,平均3 1 5岁。损伤类型:单纯脾破裂3 8例,肝破裂2 7例,小肠破裂15例,结肠破裂13例,胃破裂15例,肾破裂9例,膀胱破裂7例,创伤性膈疝8例。另合并两种或两种以上损伤75…     

医源性脾损伤治疗10例分析

1　临床资料1990～ 2 0 0 0年手术发生医源性脾损伤 10例 ,占同期脾损伤 2 .5 %。其中男 9例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 30～ 6 7岁 ,平均年龄 4 6岁 ,同期脾损伤平均年龄为 31岁。医源性脾损伤发生在胃癌手术 8例 ,食道肿瘤手术 1例 ,结肠癌手术 1例。手术时脾损伤主要表现为左上腹渗血不止 ,直视下证实脾破裂。脾损伤部位 :脾包膜撕裂伤 5例 ,脾实质损伤 3例 ,脾门脾蒂损伤 2例 ,按 Gall和Scheele脾外伤分类 ,本组病例 1级 5例 ,2级 3例 ,3级 2例。手术中脾损伤多为综合因素引起 ,如麻醉不完善 ,患者肥胖切口过小 ,术中视野暴露不良 ,但主要还是手术…     

创伤性脾脏损伤72例CT平扫分析

目的 旨在进一步提高脾脏损伤的CT诊断水平。方法 采用CT平扫对72例脾脏损伤患者进行中上腹部检查，层厚l0mm，层间距l0mm，部分病例作局部3—5mm薄层扫描。结果 脾脏表面损伤合并腹腔积血4例，脾脏裂伤合并腹腔积血l例，脾内血肿及延迟性脾损伤4例，脾脏挫裂伤(脾碎裂)合并腹腔积血50例，脾脏包膜下血肿合并腹腔积血l0例，脾脏损伤合并肝脏损伤及左膈疝各l例，误诊l例。结论 腹部CT平扫在诊断早期及延迟性脾脏损伤有其独特优势，而腹腔积血则在脾脏损伤诊断有重要的意义。     

CT平扫对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT平扫对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析48例急诊腹部闭合性损伤患者的CT平扫资料,评价其诊断价值。结果:48例腹部闭合性损伤患者共发现腹腔内实质性脏器损伤57处,其中9例(18.8%)患者为合并多发脏器损伤。脏器外伤的部位为肝脏14例、脾脏19例、肾脏21例、肾上腺2例及胰腺1例。腹水、下部肋骨及腰椎骨折在CT平扫,均清楚显示。结论:CT平扫能清楚显示腹水、下部肋骨及腰椎骨折,对腹腔内闭合性实质性脏器损伤的诊断有重要价值。     

Nonoperative management of spleen and liver injuries

The spleen and liver are the 2 most commonly injured abdominal organs following trauma. Trends in management have changed over the years, and the majority of these injuries are now managed nonoperatively. Splenic injuries can be managed via simple observation or with angiography and embolization. Recent data suggest that there are few true contraindications in the setting of hemodynamic stability. Success rate of nonoperative management may be as high as 95%. Liver injuries can be approached similarly. In the setting of a hemodynamically stable patient, observation with or without angiography and embolization may similarly be used. As many as 80% of patients with liver injury can be successfully managed without laparotomy. This review will discuss current concepts in nonoperative management of liver and spleen, including diagnosis, patient selection, nonoperative management strategies, benefits, risks, and complications.     

Abdominal trauma

Abdominal injuries are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In the face of more obvious traumatic lesions, life-threatening intra-abdominal injuries may be initially overlooked. Plain abdominal and chest radiographs may prove diagnostic for specific injuries. However, normal or equivocal studies should not exclude the diagnosis of significant abdominal trauma. In patients who are clinically stable in whom there is suspicion of abdominal injury, additional imaging procedures should be undertaken for more definitive evaluation. At this time, computed tomography is the examination of choice for the assessment of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. In all cases, direct consultation with the radiologist should lead to the most expeditious plan for evaluation of the traumatized patient.     

Ultrasound detection of free intraperitoneal fluid associated with hepatic and splenic injuries

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of 5 abdominal views for detecting free intraperitoneal fluid in trauma patients later diagnosed with hepatic or splenic injuries. METHODS: This retrospective study conducted over a 17-month period enrolled patients with trauma. A Focused Abdominal Sonogram for Trauma (FAST) examination was done using 5 abdominal views. Exploratory laparotomy or computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of intraperitoneal fluid and associated injuries. The sensitivity and specificity were determined. RESULTS: Of the 245 study patients, 29 had injuries to the liver or spleen or both. The 5-view FAST examination's sensitivity for detecting free intraperitoneal fluid associated with hepatic, splenic, or combined injuries was 77%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity of the single Morison's pouch view in detecting free intraperitoneal fluid associated with hepatic, splenic, or combined injuries was 38%, 20%, and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: For identifying free intraperitoneal fluid associated with hepatic or splenic injuries, no single view of the FAST examination could match the sensitivity provided by the 5-view technique.     

严重腹部多发伤38例临床分析

目的：通过总结严重腹部多发伤的诊治经验，以进一步提高其救治水平。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2007年12月收治的38例严重腹部多发伤患者的临床资料。结果：38例均采用手术治疗，术中死亡2例，术后死亡1例,原因为失血性休克和多器官功能障碍综合征。结论：结合病史、体检、腹腔穿刺、腹部彩超、CT、X线检查等可提高诊断率．为腹部外伤治疗提供可靠依据。尽早行确定性手术治疗、快速有效止血、术中探查避免遗漏脏器损伤、正确处理合并伤是减少并发症、降低死亡率的主要措施。     

伴发骨盆骨折的腹部损伤病例分析

目的：探讨伴发骨盆骨折时腹部损伤的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2008-09-2011-09期间我院收治47例伴发骨盆骨折的腹部损伤病例的致伤原因与脏器损伤关系,探讨脏器损伤的早期诊断及治疗原则。结果：车撞伤29例、坠落伤11例、压砸伤7例,X线或CT证实为骨盆骨折,腹部超声或CT均提示腹腔积液;伴发失血性休克32例、肝破裂3例、脾破裂5例、肠系膜破裂4例、小肠破裂4例、直肠破裂3例、膀胱破裂3例、尿道断裂2例;手术治疗18例,包括2例阴性探查,无死亡病例。结论：伴发骨盆骨折的腹部损伤在早期进行抗休克等治疗的同时应对患者的致伤原因、临床表现、化验检查及影像学进行综合分析,并逐步分类排除脏器损伤,不能排除时果断剖腹探查对提高抢救成功率、降低死亡率有重要意义。     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in abdominal trauma

Increasing evidence supports a role for contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of blunt abdominal trauma. Accurate definition of organ injury can be demonstrated, as well as extension to solid organ capsule and even vascular injury. Low-dose contrast is needed for renal imaging, to avoid obscuration of deeper structures from intense cortical enhancement. The liver should be evaluated in the arterial phase for active bleeding and in the late phase for lacerations. The spleen is best assessed in the delayed phase, thereby limiting misinterpretation of early heterogeneous contrast uptake. Typical sonographic features of traumatic injuries of the solid abdominal organs are described. Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the gold standard modality for imaging abdominal organ traumatic injury, contrast-enhanced ultrasound has developed a role in the emergency setting, particularly in low-energy injuries and in follow-up of traumatic injuries.     

水下冲击波致犬腹部脏器损伤的病理形态学改变

目的 探讨水下冲击波致腹部脏器损伤的病理形态学改变。方法 成年杂种犬61只，用200g、500g和1000g的三硝基甲苯(TNT)水下爆炸致水下冲击伤，美国PCB公司水下爆炸压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数，观察伤后6h腹部脏器损伤的形态学改变。结果 水下冲击波物理参数的特征表现为高的峰值压力，正向作用时间较短，冲量较大。形态学观察发现胃肠道损伤发生率高，其发生率为62．30％，主要表现为胃肠道浆膜和黏膜下不同程度的出血，部分动物可见浆肌层撕裂，浆膜下血肿，甚至发生胃肠道穿孔；肝、脾等实质脏器也可发生不同程度的损伤，如包膜下出血、血肿和破裂，但发生率较低；含液脏器，如胆囊和膀胱未见明显损伤。结论 水下冲击波可致腹部多脏器损伤，胃肠道损伤发生率高、程度重，是水下冲击伤早期救治的重要环节之一。     

Occult Regions of Suppressed Coherence in Liver B-Mode Images

Ultrasound is an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring diseases, but it can be limited by poor image quality. Lag-one coherence (LOC) is an image quality metric that can be related to signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio. In this study, we examine matched LOC and B-mode images of the liver to discern patterns of low image quality, as indicated by lower LOC values, occurring beneath the abdominal wall, near out-of-plane vessels and adjacent to hyperechoic targets such the liver capsule. These regions of suppressed coherence are often occult; they present as temporally stable uniform speckle on B-mode images, but the LOC measurements in these regions suggest substantially degraded image quality. Quantitative characterization of the coherence suppression beneath the abdominal wall reveals a consistent pattern both in simulations and in vivo; sharp drops in coherence occurring beneath the abdominal wall asymptotically recover to a stable coherence at depth. Simulation studies suggest that abdominal wall reverberation clutter contributes to the initial drop in coherence but does not influence the asymptotic LOC value. Clinical implications are considered for contrast loss in B-mode imaging and estimation errors for elastography and Doppler imaging.