某焦化企业职业病危害因素检测及职业健康监护评价

目的了解某焦化企业作业工人接触职业病危害因素的浓度或强度以及健康状况。方法 2011-2014年对某焦化企业作业工人接触的职业病危害因素检测及职业健康检查。结果 2011-2014年作业工人粉尘、焦炉逸散物、噪声、高温的浓度或强度的总体合格率分别为96.6%、79.1%、70.1%、89.7%,其中2014年粉尘和焦炉逸散物浓度合格率均为100.0%。噪声职业禁忌证检出8人,总体检出率1.1%;粉尘职业禁忌证检出1人,检出率0.1%;噪声观察对象检出15人,检出率2.1%,未检出粉尘观察对象和职业病病人。结论应采取综合噪声控制措施,督促工人佩戴耳塞,以保护听力。     

某铝合金家具制造厂职业卫生状况调查

目的了解清远市某铝合金家具制造厂的职业病危害状况。方法依据国家职业卫生标准和规范,进行工作场所中粉尘浓度、噪声强度、化学毒物浓度的检测和接触工人的职业健康检查。结果粉尘浓度检测11个点,1个点铝尘浓度超标;噪声强度检测10个点,全部超标;化学毒物检测4个点,2个点苯浓度超标;接噪工人电测听结果19人高频听力损失。结论该家具厂噪声危害严重,粉尘和苯作业危害存在较大隐患,应加强职业卫生管理,预防职业病发生。     

石雕加工行业职业危害调查

[目的]了解石雕加工行业职业病危害程度,加强防范措施。[方法]按照国家职业卫生有关规定,检测作业场所有害因素,进行职业健康检查。[结果]作业场所粉尘浓度检测72点,检测点粉尘浓度为12．0～89．0mg／m^3,分别超过国家职业卫生标准0．5～10．1倍。噪声强度检测234点次均超标。有7．1％中度以上听力损伤者,26．8％肺纹理增粗,未检出尘肺病人。[结论]石雕加工行业潜在着严重的职业危害。     

苏州市工业园区电炉企业生产性粉尘危害调查

目的调查分析电炉厂生产性粉尘对作业工人健康的危害情况。方法对苏州工业园区32家电炉厂作业场所进行劳动卫生学调查,并对1800名作业工人进行职业性体检。结果电炉厂的粉尘种类主要是电焊烟尘和岩棉尘（总尘、下同）,其中电焊烟尘时间加权平均容许浓度（PC-TWA）为0.68～64.07 mg/m^3,超标率12.5%,超限倍数0.2～16.0。岩棉粉尘PC-TWA为1.05～12.53 mg/m^3,超标率26.6%,超限倍数0.3～4.3。作业工人体检1800人（接尘工人1067人,非接尘工人733人）,尘肺0^＋检出人数2人,检出率1.1‰;职业禁忌证14例（肺结核12例、肺气肿2例）,检出率7.8‰;肺部异常阴影2例,检出率1.1‰。肺功能测试结果分为接尘组和非接尘组,结果接触粉尘可导致肺通气功能和小气道功能指标下降,接尘工龄长肺功能值异常率高,接尘工人的肺功能障碍的发生率高于非接尘工人。结论电炉厂存在比较严重的粉尘职业危害,接尘工人的肺功能已受到一定程度的损害,有关部门应重点做好通风防尘工作和个人卫生防护;做好从业人员健康监护,保障作业工人的健康。     

水泥行业噪声危害调查分析

该文对水泥行业噪声危害程度进行了调查分析,测试方法按<工业企业噪声检测规范>进行,使用ND2型精密声级计,噪声强度一般在76～110dB(A)之间,频率范围集中在93～2000Hz,以低频为主.108个噪声点中超标88个,超标率81.48%.噪声作业工人体检559人,神经衰弱症候群检出率17.70%;噪声性耳聋检出率49.02%;高频听力损伤检出率52.06%.     

十堰市某汽车制造企业主要职业病危害因素及职业健康现状

目的了解某汽车制造企业存在的主要职业病危害因素以及接触有害因素工人的健康状况。方法对某汽车制造企业进行作业场所职业卫生学调查并对职业病危害因素进行现场检测,对接触职业有害因素的在岗职工进行职业健康检查。结果该企业现场环境噪声的检测合格率为53.3%,接触噪声作业人员共721人,听力异常检出率37.2%,噪声作业人员听力受损检出率明显高于非噪声作业人员(P0.05),且噪声作业人员听力异常检出率随着工龄的延长而增加(P0.05);现场环境粉尘检测合格率87.5%,181名粉尘作业工人胸片检查未检出疑似尘肺病改变,肺功能异常检出率6.1%,与非粉尘作业工人肺功能异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);毒物检测合格率为100%,31名苯作业工人血常规检查未发现白细胞、血小板或中性细胞数降低。结论该企业目前最主要和最严重的职业危害因素是噪声,且噪声作业人员听力受损严重,应加强对噪声危害的控制和噪声作业人员的健康监护。     

长江港口装卸作业水泥粉尘对工人健康影响的预测

目的　探讨水泥粉尘对码头装卸工人健康的影响。方法　将长江沿岸码头 8个岗位暴露于水泥粉尘环境的装卸工人作为研究的控制组样本 ,其监测数据通过Logistic回归模型对其影响程度进行影响评估。结果　各作业场所起尘点除超重司机室和皮带机廊道粉尘浓度未超标外 ,其余均超标 ,船舱超标 18 3倍 ,库场超标 17 4倍 ,水泥中游离SIO2 含量为 3 %～5 %。不同的接尘时间和不同环境浓度对工人健康危害影响明显不同。 3 0a～工龄尘肺检出率达 3 3 3 3 % ;累计接尘量10 0～ 119 99mg/(m3 ·a)工人尘肺检出率达 8 3 3 %。结论　尘肺病发病率与累积接尘量有直接关系。如果环境粉尘在安全的范围内 ,工作年限对尘肺病的发病率影响并不明显 ,从而可为制定不同工作环境中各种的工作年限提供依据。     

成都市某装饰材料公司职业健康检查结果分析

目的了解成都市某装饰材料公司现场职业病危害因素情况及工人身体健康状况,并为该公司提出有效防控措施以保障工人的身心健康。方法到该公司进行现场职业病危害因素检测,组织全体操作工人进行职业健康检查,并对检测和检查结果进行统计分析。结果职业现场卫生学检测结果显示,推台锯、断锯岗位作业操作位和休息位的总粉尘(木尘)检测浓度均合格;推台锯、断锯岗位作业操作位的噪声强度超过国家标准。职业健康检查结果显示,63名工人中,50人检查结果异常,总检出率为79.37%;其中9人的异常检查结果与职业病危害因素相关,检出率为14.29%,女性高于男性。噪声作业工人接害工龄5~9年组的听力损伤检出率高于0~4年组,噪声暴露工人的听力损伤检出率高于非噪声暴露工人。结论该公司操作工人健康状况值得关注,工作环境有待进一步改善。     

镁矿开采暨镁质耐火材料制造业职业病危害现状与对策

目的识别分析镁矿开采暨镁质耐火材料制造业的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,为此类项目的职业病防治管理提供科学依据。方法对某镁矿开采暨镁质耐火材料制造业进行了职业卫生学调查、现场职业病危害检测及职业健康检查。结果粉尘、噪声、CO、CO2、高温是其主要职业病危害因素;检测结果:粉尘35.71%时间加权平均浓度、47.4%的超限倍数值检测结果超标;55.16%的接噪工人超标;CO浓度接近限值;309名接害工人中3人诊断为尘肺Ⅰ期,6人诊断为尘肺观察对象,6人高频听力损伤。结论粉尘、噪声超标严重;通风除尘、防噪声设施设计设置不合理,控制效果差;发生了职业病和职业损伤,危害严重;毒物、高温危害也不容忽视;对此提出了防治职业病危害的对策建议。     

玉器雕刻作业对人体健康的影响

目的 探讨玉器雕刻作业对人体健康的影响.方法对某企业玉器雕刻作业环境调查并对217名作业人员和145名对照人员进行健康检查.结果玉雕作业生产性粉尘浓度2.5～61.7 mg/m3,噪声强度88～93 dB(A).超标率100%.工人长期处于坐姿作业,属于强制体位.尘肺检出率1.4%;听力损伤、血压升高、心电图异常检出率及神经衰弱综合征,手腕、颈、肩、腰背疼痛发生率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论玉器雕刻作业除了要加强粉尘、噪声危害治理外,同时要注意工人骨骼肌肉损伤的预防.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.