色素性克隆型脂溢性角化病一例

患者男,26岁,因右膝部扁平斑块10年于2017年12月11日就诊于中日友好医院皮肤病与性病科。患者10年前无明显诱因于右膝部出现一甲盖大小的褐色扁平丘疹,无痛痒,未予处理。之后皮损逐渐增大呈椭圆形斑块,黑褐色,表面粗糙,无破溃出血,无触压痛。体检：各系统检查未见明显异常。皮肤科检查：右膝部可见1.5 cm × 2.0 cm黑褐色扁平斑块,中等硬度,境界清楚,表面粗糙,可见细小白色鳞屑（图1）……     

Simultaneous occurrence of junctional nevus and seborrheic keratosis

A 45-year-old man presented with a pigmented lesion on his face. A clinical diagnosis of melanocytic nevus was made and the lesion was excised. Histopathologic examination showed a reticular seborrheic keratosis associated with a junctional nevus. We discuss the relation of nevocellular nevi with epidermal and adnexal tumors.     

Dermoscopy of pigmented seborrheic keratosis: a morphological study

OBJECTIVES: To describe morphological features of seborrheic keratosis as seen by dermoscopy and to investigate their prevalence. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using macrophotography and dermoscopy for the documentation of seborrheic keratosis. SETTINGS: Seborrheic keratoses were prospectively collected in 2 sites: a private practice in Plantation, Fla (site 1), and the Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital Geneva in Switzerland (site 2). PATIENTS: A total of 203 pigmented seborrheic keratoses (from 192 patients) with complete documentation were collected (111 from site 1 and 93 from site 2). INTERVENTIONS: Screening for new morphological features of seborrheic keratosis and evaluation of all lesions for the prevalence of these criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of new morphological criteria and evaluation of frequency. RESULTS: A total of 15 morphological dermoscopic criteria were identified. Standard criteria such as milialike cysts and comedolike openings were found in a high number of cases (135 and 144, respectively). We found network and networklike structures to be present in 94 lesions (46%). Using standard diagnostic criteria for seborrheic keratosis, 30 lesions would not have been diagnosed as such. CONCLUSIONS: The classic dermoscopic criteria for seborrheic keratosis (milialike cysts and comedolike openings) have a high prevalence but the use of additional dermoscopic criteria such as fissures, hairpin blood vessels, sharp demarcation, and moth-eaten borders improves the diagnostic accuracy. The proper identification of pigment network and networklike structures is important for the correct diagnosis.     

皮肤科医师与深度卷积神经网络诊断色素痣和脂溢性角化病皮肤镜图像比较

【摘要】 目的 比较深度卷积神经网络（CNN）与皮肤科医师对色素痣和脂溢性角化病的诊断准确率。方法 使用5 094幅色素痣和脂溢性角化病（SK）的皮肤镜图像对CNN网络ResNet?50通过迁移学习进行训练,建立CNN二分类模型,并应用该模型对30幅色素痣和30幅SK的皮肤镜图像进行自动分类。同时,95位经过皮肤镜培训的有经验的皮肤科医师结合临床皮损图片对上述CNN自动分类的60幅皮肤镜图像进行判读。比较二者的诊断准确率,并对错误分类的图像做进一步统计分析。结果 CNN自动分类模型对色素痣和SK的皮肤镜图像的分类准确率分别为100%（30/30）和76.67%（23/30）,总准确率为88.33%（53/60）;95位皮肤科医师的诊断准确率平均值分别为82.98%（25.8/30）和85.96%（24.9/30）,总准确率为84.47%（50.7/60）。CNN自动分类模型与95位皮肤科医师对色素痣和SK的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.38,P > 0.05）。CNN错误分类的皮肤镜图像被分为3类,即特殊类型（如皮损色素含量多、角化明显）,具有典型特征但存在干扰因素,具有典型特征尚找不到错误分类的原因。结论 CNN自动分类模型在色素痣和SK皮肤镜图像的二分类任务中的表现与有经验的皮肤科医师水平相当。CNN错误分类的原因仍需皮肤科医师与人工智能专业人员共同探索。     

Melanoma and seborrheic keratosis differentiation using texture features

Purpose: To explore texture features in two-dimensional images to differentiate seborrheic keratosis from melanoma.
Methods: A systematic approach to consistent classification of skin tumors is described. Texture features, based on the second-order histogram, were used to identify the features or a combination of features that could consistently differentiate a malignant skin tumor (melanoma) from a benign one (seborrheic keratosis). Two hundred and seventy-one skin tumor images were separated into training and test sets for accuracy and consistency. Automatic induction was applied to generate classification rules. Data analysis and modeling tools were used to gain further insight into the feature space.
Result and Conclusions: In all, 85–90% of seborrheic keratosis images were correctly differentiated from the malignant skin tumors. The features correlation_average, correlation_range, texture_energy_average and texture_energy_range were found to be the most important features in differentiating seborrheic keratosis from melanoma. Over-all, the seborrheic keratosis images were better identified by the texture features than the melanoma images.     

脂溢性角化病的皮肤高频超声及皮肤镜特征分析

目的 描述脂溢性角化病（SK）的常见皮肤高频超声及皮肤镜特征。方法 收集2017年8 - 12月在北京协和医院皮肤科门诊就诊的46例SK患者,对其50处SK皮损行50 MHz和20 MHz皮肤高频超声和皮肤镜检查。对SK皮肤高频超声和皮肤镜特征进行总结分析。采用χ2检验比较50 MHz和20 MHz超声对SK的评估结果差异,并对SK皮肤高频超声和皮肤镜下特征的对应关系通过简单匹配系数进行分析。结果 SK皮损特征自上而下50 MHz和20 MHz超声表现分别为增强高回声（48处和39处,P = 0.007）、角质层块状或点状增强高回声（22处和11处,P = 0.019）、伴后方声影（34处和13处,P < 0.001）、皮损形态规则且边界清晰（46处和41处,P = 0.137）、皮损内不均质低回声（50处和47处,P = 0.079）和点状高回声（25处和2处,P < 0.001）、基底位于同一水平面（40处和36处,P = 0.349）、皮损下方真皮回声减低（50处和28处,P < 0.001）。50 MHz超声对SK皮损的8个皮肤高频超声特征整体评价显著优于20 MHz超声（P = 0.002）。50处SK皮损常见皮肤镜下特征为边界清楚（50处）,粉刺样开口（45处）,沟嵴/脑回状模式（31处）,发卡样血管（30处）,多发粟粒样囊肿（24处）,虫蚀状边缘（21处）和亮白色条纹（3处）。50 MHz和20 MHz超声下,SK皮损角质层块状或点状增强高回声与皮肤镜下粉刺样开口的简单匹配系数分别为42%（21处）和20%（10处）,皮损内点状高回声与皮肤镜下多发粟粒样囊肿（> 3个）的简单匹配系数分别为58%（29处）和48%（24处）。结论 皮肤高频超声和皮肤镜对SK皮损评估具有较好的应用价值,且50 MHz超声比20 MHz超声对SK的皮损成像更具优势。     

皮肤镜诊断黑素细胞痣、脂溢性角化和日光性角化与组织病理诊断的一致性

目的：评价皮肤镜诊断黑素细胞痣、脂溢性角化、日光性角化的准确度。方法：收集临床怀疑为黑素细胞痣、脂溢性角化和日光性角化的病例,由两位医生参照目前皮肤镜诊断标准对该三种皮肤肿瘤进行盲法独立诊断,并与组织病理结果相对照。结果：与组织病理诊断比较,(1)A、B两位医生使用皮肤镜诊断黑素细胞痣一致率（89.3%、91.2%）、灵敏度（94%、95.2%）、特异度（84.2%、86.8%）、误诊率（15.8%、13.2%）、漏诊率（6%、4.8%）。(2)A、B两位医生使用皮肤镜诊断脂溢性角化一致率（88%、91.7%）、灵敏度（91.7%、95.8%）、特异度（83.6%、86.9%）、误诊率（16.4%、13.5%）、漏诊率（8.3%、4.2%）;(3)A、B两位医生使用皮肤镜诊断日光性角化一致率（84.1%、86.4%）、灵敏度（87.5%、87.5%）、特异度（17.9%、12.5%）、误诊率（82.1%、85.7%）、漏诊率（17.9%、14.3%）。结论：皮肤镜诊断黑素细胞痣、脂溢性角化和日光性角化的结果与病理诊断结果均有较好的一致性。     

光动力疗法联合冷冻治疗外阴脂溢性角化病一例

<正>临床资料患者,女,49岁。主因右侧大阴唇外侧褐色斑块7年余,于2014年3月1日就诊。患者7年前发现右侧大阴唇外侧一处黄豆大小褐色丘疹,表面粗糙,伴轻度瘙痒,未予诊治,丘疹逐渐增大为斑块。近1个月来,斑块增长速度较快,表面凹凸不平,无破溃。患者既往体健,否认有非婚性行为史。体格检查:一般情况好,心、肺、腹检查无明显异常,全身浅表淋巴结未及增大。皮肤科情况:右侧大阴唇外侧可见一4 cm×3 cm大小     

浅色脂溢性角化症特殊皮肤镜表现一例

患者,女,57岁.躯干部白色丘疹3年.本例皮肤镜表现独特之处在偏振光浸润模式下与典型脂溢性角化病不同,由于色素减退,皮沟与皮嵴表现为浅褐色背景下放射状分布亮白色线状条纹,呈珊瑚样结构.     

Seborrheic keratosis with compound nevus, junctional nevus and basal cell carcinoma in the same lesion.

Seborrheic keratosis can be associated with different neoplasms such as basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas. We describe an unusual case of a man who presented with a brown plaque on his back. The clinical diagnosis was melanoma. Histopathologic examination of the lesion revealed four neoplasms: a compound nevus, a junctional nevus, a superficial basal cell carcinoma and a seborrheic keratosis. Although this association most likely represents a chance phenomenon, we discuss the possibility that the seborrheic keratosis developed from the nevus, and that subsequently the junctional nevus and the basal cell carcinoma developed from the seborrheic keratosis.     

日光性雀斑样痣、脂溢性角化病及扁平苔藓样角化病皮肤镜特征专家共识

【摘要】 日光性雀斑样痣、脂溢性角化病及扁平苔藓样角化病是常见的良性表皮增生性疾病,其皮肤镜特征对于明确诊断、与其他皮肤肿瘤相鉴别、避免不必要的活检和手术以及动态监测皮损变化等都有一定帮助。本共识对这3种疾病的皮肤镜特征进行了总结。日光性雀斑样痣的皮肤镜特征主要为皮损边界清晰、虫蚀状边缘、模糊的色素网、指纹模式、棕色均质模式、假性网络。脂溢性角化病的皮肤镜特征主要为皮损边界清晰、粟粒样囊肿、粉刺样开口、脑回状模式、发夹样血管、摇晃试验中皮损整体移动。扁平苔藓样角化病的皮肤镜特征主要为胡椒粉样或颗粒模式以及周围可见日光性雀斑样痣、脂溢性角化病或光线性角化病的皮肤镜特征。     

Case of seborrheic keratosis with underlying basal cell carcinoma suggesting a collision tumor

Reports of seborrheic keratosis (SK) with concurrent malignant tumors are rare, but previous and recent reports – especially the co‐manifestation of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) have added to the ongoing debate of the possibility of the development of BCC from SK. We report a rare case of SK with underlying BCC with scarcely accounted histopathological characteristics – reticulated type and nodular type, respectively – that showed no direct histological link between the two entities. We also carefully suggest that differences in histopathology (whether the two lesions are connected or not) may account for the possibility of incidental co‐habitation.     

Sebaceoma arising in association with seborrheic keratosis

We report a case of a 60-year-old woman with a 4-year history of an asymptomatic plaque on her left cheek. The lesion was composed of two distinct adjacent and continuous parts comprising a lateral yellowish flat portion and a medial reddish nodular portion. Histologic examination revealed that the plaque was composed of two different adjacent tumors. The lateral portion of the plaque had the aspect of a seborrheic keratosis (SK) with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with irregular proliferation of apparently benign basaloid and squamous keratinocytes and small horn pseudocysts. The medial portion showed a dermal tumor made up of differently sized lobules composed of immature sebocytes mixed with single or clustered mature sebaceous cells. Sebaceous ductal differentiation was visible. We made the diagnosis of SK associated with sebaceoma. The association of an SK with a benign neoplasm with sebaceous differentiation is rare. It may only be a coincidence, but a role for the preexisting SK cannot be ruled out.     

Acantholytic variant of seborrheic keratosis

From among 524 histologic specimens of seborrheic keratosis (SK), 29 showed acantholysis, not related to pemphigus, Darier's disease, actinic keratosis or acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. Acantholysis was found in 24 (23.3%) of the irritated type of SK, almost exclusively in the squamous cell nests showing dyskeratosis and spongiosis between and around squamous eddies or horn cysts. Clinically, 65.5% of the lesions were located on the face and scalp, 20.7% on the trunk and 13.8% on the limbs. It was speculated that dyskeratotic, degenerative changes of the keratinocytes together with spongiosis were responsible for the acantholysis.