高龄结直肠癌患者并急性肠梗阻的外科处理

目的　探讨高龄结直肠癌患者并急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法。方法　回顾性分析我院1 992～ 1 999年间 88例高龄结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料 ,综合评价其外科处理方法。结果　 88例均在入院后 3h至 5d内进行手术。 1 0例绞窄性肠梗阻中仅 3例术前确诊 ,符合率为 30 %(3/ 1 0 ) ,肿瘤切除率为 67% (59/ 88) ,术后并发症发生率为 42 % (37/ 88) ,病死率为 1 1 .4% (1 0 / 88)。结论　对高龄结直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的患者应警惕肠绞窄的发生 ,积极处理合并症 ,合理选择手术方式 ,有效地预防和治疗术后并发症是提高疗效的关键     

Surgical treatment of esophago-pleural fistula caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer]

A 72-year-old woman was admitted for cough and dyspnea. Bronchofiberscopy examination revealed lung cancer at the right main bronchus. Plain chest X-ray and chest CT revealed that the tumor had invaded to the mediastinum and esophagography demonstrated stenosis of the thoracic esophagus without fistula. Because pulmonary resection was contraindicated, chemotherapy for lung cancer was initiated. Complete response was noted, but an esophago-pleural fistula developed as a consequence of chemotherapy. After intrathoracic tube drainage, a permanent endoesophageal tube was inserted through a small incision in the stomach under general anesthesia. However, it migrated into the thoracic empyema after 4-postoperative days. Because the lung cancer was well-controlled, a second operation to reconstruct the esophagus was performed without resection of the thoracic esophagus or fistula. After the operation, thoracic empyema was washed out with povidone iodine and pure alcohol. The chest tube was removed 3 months after the second operation. We conclude that in cases of esophago-pleural fistula caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer, if complete response to chemotherapy is noted, reconstruction of the esophagus should be considered.     

结直肠癌并急性结肠梗阻的外科处理

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结直肠癌并急性结肠梗阻的外科处理--附225例临床分析

目的　探讨结、直肠癌并急性结肠梗阻病例的外科处理原则和方法。方法　回顾性分析我院自１９８２ 年至１９９８ 年收治的２２５ 例结、直肠癌并急性结肠梗阻病例,结合近年国内、外文献,综合评价其外科处理方法。结果　２２５ 例患者均经手术治疗,出现并发症２３ 例;死亡１３ 例,病死率为５－８ ％ ,其余均痊愈出院。结论　结、直肠癌并急性结肠梗阻的处理要根据病人的全身情况和肿瘤的局部情况来进行综合判定。适应证掌握恰当,一期肿瘤切除和吻合术是安全的。     

Surgical treatment for colorectal cancer

The rapid in development of surgical technology has had a major effect in surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Laparoscopic colon cancer surgery has been proven to provide better short-term clinical and oncologic outcomes. However this quickly accepted surgical approach is still performed by a minority of colorectal surgeons. The more technically challenging procedure of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery is also on its way to demonstrating perhaps similar short-term benefits. This article reviews current evidences of both short-term and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, including the overall costs comparison between laparoscopic surgery and conventional open surgery. In addition, different surgical techniques for laparoscopic colon and rectal cancer are compared. Also the relevant future challenge of colorectal cancer robotic surgery is reviewed.     

Surgical treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer. Five-year follow-up

Analysis of 81 consecutive patients with recurrent colorectal cancer was undertaken to evaluate the rationale and efficacy of surgical re-treatment. The disease-free interval after primary surgery and the diagnostic delay did not clearly differ between the modes of recurrences. Symptoms preceded the diagnosis of recurrence in 73% (59) of the cases, with pain being the most frequent symptom (n = 22). Of the patients, 58% (47) underwent reoperations, 38% (31) underwent reresections, and 10% (8) underwent radical resections. The overall postoperative mortality was 13%, and the postoperative morbidity was 45%. The postoperative relief of cancer symptoms after resective surgery was 8 months and, after nonresective surgery, 2 months. The median survival was 24 months for patients who underwent resections, 8 months for patients who were treated by nonresective surgery, and 15 months for patients who were treated conservatively. Radical resection clearly prolonged survival when compared with palliative resections and nonresective procedures. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that resective surgery, when possible, can improve survival and patient comfort after recurrence of colorectal cancer.     

Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.

From 1980 to 1984, 48 patients were subjected to liver resection for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The disease was staged according to the original staging system proposed by the authors: stage I, single metastasis involving less than 25% of hepatic parenchyma (21 patients); stage II, multiple metastases involving less than 25% of hepatic parenchyma or single metastasis involving between 25-50% (9 patients); and stage III, multiple metastases involving between 25-50% or more than 50% of hepatic parenchyma, irrespective of the number of metastases (18 patients). The extent of hepatic resection was generally related to that of liver disease; a typical lobectomy was performed in 28 patients and segmentectomies in 20. One patient died after operation (mortality, 2.1%), and major complications occurred in seven patients (morbidity, 14.9%). Morbidity was related to operatory blood loss: 45% of patients with blood replacement of more than 2000 cc developed major complications versus 5.4% with blood replacement of less than 2000 cc (p less than 0.05). The actuarial 3-year survival for stages I, II, and III was 73%, 60%, and 29%, respectively (p less than 0.05). Twenty-two patients (45%) have had recurrences, all stage III patients within 2 years of resection versus 28% of stage I patients (30 months disease-free survival, 49%). The liver only was the site of recurrence in 10 patients, distant sites in seven, and both liver and distant in five. Analysis of the different features of the primary tumor, the interval between bowel resection and detection of hepatic metastases, and the number and extent of liver secondaries demonstrated that prognosis after surgery was mainly related to the latter; they are considered in the staging system adopted in this study. It is a simple system and shows a good prognostic correlation. The results reported here are in agreement with those of the literature; the low mortality and morbidity and the survival benefit support the growing acceptance of surgery in treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, in particular stage I patients. For the other stages, surgery should represent, when applicable, only the first step of a multimodality treatment.     

直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的手术治疗方法。方法对2001年5月到2008年10月我科收治78例直肠癌致急性肠梗阻采用不同手术方式治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果Ⅰ期手术切除吻合和Ⅱ期手术患者近期并发症发生率18．4％和20．0％,排便异常发生率为72．2％和76.％,死亡率5.％和5．0％,住院治疗费用平均1．9±0．5万元和2．6±0．7万元。结论直肠癌致急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期手术切除吻合术是安全、可靠、疗效满意的。     

Jejunal Obstruction caused by Migrated Gastric Band

We describe the rare complication of an eroded gastric band in the gastric cavity that passed through the pylorus and obstructed the proximal jejunum at the point allowed by the length of the connecting tube. At surgery, in addition to the expected finding, multiple necrotic pressure ulcerations in the jejunal wall were found in step ladder locations. Anyone who has adopted laparoscopic gastric banding as the modality for surgical treatment of morbid obesity should be familiar with this rare but potentially dangerous complication.     

急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理

目的探讨急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理方法。方法回顾分析1996—2004年收治的58例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者的治疗方法。全组58例，一期切除吻合26例，一期切除＋近端结肠造瘘21例，单纯结肠造瘘5例，捷径手术6例。结果住院期间死亡6例，吻合口漏1例，51例恢复顺利，康复出院。结论重视围手术期的处理，根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者的全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

Surgical treatment for pulmonary arterial injury caused by sewing needles]

A 41-year-old woman was found lying in her home, which was on fire, and was brought to our hospital by ambulance. Her complaint was severe dyspnea, and a respirator was needed. Contusion and abrasion were present on her anterior chest. A roentgenogram of her chest disclosed cardiac enlargement and two linear metallic shadows. A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed cardiac tamponade and a needle from the chest wall to the main pulmonary artery. Through a median sternotomy approach, the pericardium was opened. About 200 ml of blood was pooled in the pericardium cavity, and a needle was found in the main pulmonary artery. The needle was removed and the bleeding point was closed using suturing with 5-0 prolene without cardiopulmonary bypass.     

大肠癌合并肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的：探讨大肠癌并肠梗阻的外科治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析我院1993至2003年收治手术52例大肠癌并肠梗阻临床资料。结果：52例患者中一期右半结肠切除12例；一期左半结肠切除23例；一期左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除、近端结肠造瘘、封闭远端结肠或直肠二期吻合14例：直肠癌晚期无法切除根治行乙状结肠造瘘5例，术后并发症发生率13．46％(7／52)，围手术期死亡率3．85％(2／52)。结论：提高本病认识，合理选择外科治疗；做好围手术期处理是提高疗效和改善生活质量的关键。     

Surgical excision alone is adequate treatment for primary colorectal cancer.

This debate examines the arguments for and against the proposal that surgical excision alone is adequate treatment for primary colorectal cancer. The arguments in favour are that the results from curative surgery are excellent and that despite many trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the proposed benefits remain unproven. Recent improvements in surgical technique, particularly for dissection of rectal tumours, have shown the way towards further improvement using surgery alone, and it is clear from a national survey that technical factors related to individual surgeons play a large part in determining recurrence rates. With optimum primary treatment, surgical excision alone is indeed adequate therapy. The arguments against this motion are that although a considerable number of patients do survive with surgery, the 5-year survival rate is poor when there is extensive local invasion or lymphatic metastases. Surgery starts therapy by reducing the tumour load, but other modalities are required to destroy the cells which might subsequently develop into metastases. Trial results with adjuvant therapy are encouraging, although many contain too few patients. We cannot be content with the results of treatment of Dukes' Stage B and C tumours; more trials are needed to determine the best treatment for these patients.     

Cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer]

Secondary bile acids act as co-carcinogens during genesis of colo-rectal carcinomas. That implies the question wether the patient's situation after cholecystectomy, which is characterized by an increased content of secondary bile acids in the whole pool and a raised intestinal circulation, supports the growth of colo-rectal carcinomas or not. We retrospectively analysed the anamnesis of 189 patients suffering from colorectal carcinomas and found a significantly increased number of cholecystectomized people in comparison with a Berlin normal population according to an autopsy study. The relative risk for the whole colon and rectum amounted to 1.53 and for proximal colon to 2,1. The connection between cholecystectomy and colorectal carcinomas seems to be not close enough to define risk groups. However, it entitles to demand the very consequent observance of indication of cholecystectomy and to take alternative therapies for maintenance of gallbladder always into consideration.     

结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的术式选择

目的探讨结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年6月手术治疗的结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻31例的临床资料。结果31例均经手术治疗。右半结肠癌伴梗阻13例,其中12例行右半结肠一期切除,无吻合口漏发生,另1例癌肿不能切除行捷径手术;横结肠切除一期吻合2例;一期左半结肠切除肠吻合术7例,术后发生吻合口漏1例,其中2例乙状结肠癌伴梗阻行金属内支架置入,解除梗阻后3周行一期肿瘤切除肠吻合;Hartmann手术5例,术后恢复顺利,造口排便通畅,3～6个月后均进行了顺利关瘘手术;肿瘤无法切除行单纯结肠造口4例。结论重视围手术的处理,根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌病人全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗的探讨

探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我们收治的２３１例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病例，结合国内外文献，综合评价外科治疗方法。结果一期左半结肠切除吻合术的手术病死率为５．１％，吻合口瘘发生率为５．７％。结论对左半结肠癌、直肠癌并发急性梗阻病人进行综合判定，掌握好适应证，施行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的。