分支型覆膜支架在外科治疗急性A型主动脉夹层中的应用及中期结果

目的总结术中置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部治疗急性A型主动脉夹层的应用经验,并评价其中期结果。方法 17例急性A型主动脉夹层患者在体外循环下先进行近心端操作,鼻咽温降至18~20℃,停循环,选择性脑灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横切口,直视下置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部,主干支架血管近端、远端自体主动脉壁与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端端吻合,以残余主动脉壁或自体心包片包裹人造血管及吻合口,并与右心耳吻合连通行内引流术。结果术中置入三分支覆膜支架16例,一分支覆膜支架1例。全组手术时间(276±54)min,体外循环时间(141±28)min,阻断时间(81±12)min,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(17±7)min。术中死亡1例,术后死亡3例,其余患者痊愈出院。术后住院时间(14±6)d。13例随访29~56个月,主动脉血管成像(CTA)显示患者主动脉弓降部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,无移位、扭曲、打折,支架相应部位假腔消失,远端假腔内血栓填充。结论术中置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部治疗急性A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作、降低手术风险、提高手术成功率,中期结果良好。     

升主动脉疾病38例外科手术治疗分析

目的总结升主动脉疾病的外科手术治疗经验。方法升主动脉瘤患者25例（累及部分弓部或者全弓4例）,急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层13例,均在全麻低温体外循环下经前正中切口手术。其中Bentall手术17例,Wheat手术1例,升主动脉替换手术3例,升主动脉替换加右半弓或者全弓替换手术4例,升主动脉及全弓替换加支架＂象鼻＂手术（＂孙氏＂手术）4例,Bentall加新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架置入手术2例,主动脉瓣成形及升主动脉替换加新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架置入手术7例;同期行二尖瓣成形术1例,二尖瓣机械瓣替换术1例。结果全组平均体外循环时间（128.4±30.5）min,平均心肌血运阻断时间（80.3±14.7）min;17例行深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间10～22 min,平均（17.5±8.3）min。呼吸机辅助时间（46.1±20.9）h,ICU停留时间（92.5±37.1）h,术后住院时间（13.7±7.4）d。死亡2例（5.3%）,1例死于术中大出血,1例死于术后重症肺部感染。术后24小时内心包和纵隔引流量（448.6±262.5）ml,无二次开胸止血者。术后5例出现低氧血症,3例并发精神症状,1例出现伤口感染,均治愈。36例随访1个月至11年,均生存,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,生活质量良好。结论 选择最佳的手术方式是外科治疗升主动脉疾病的关键。Bentall手术是治疗升主动脉瘤的主要术式,＂孙氏＂手术则是治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的经典术式;应用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部,可以简化弓部操作,降低手术风险,提高手术成功率,适用于大部分急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者。     

术中置入新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层临床研究

目的应用新型三分支型主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,总结其临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月7例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗。结果全组手术时间(259.2±53.6)分钟,体外循环时间(136.4±28.5)分钟,心肌血运阻断时间(85.3±11.7)分钟,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(17.6±8.2)分钟。术中死亡1例,系术中主动脉开放后主动脉根部后壁大出血无法止血;其余6例患者术后及时清醒,循环稳定,无严重并发症发生。随访2～15个月,主动脉血管成像显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,相应部位假腔消失,远端假腔内血栓填充;无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生;患者心功能改善,生活质量良好。结论 采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作,降低手术风险,提高手术成功率,适合于大多数Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的治疗。     

DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉瘤术中体外循环及选择性脑灌注的管理

目的探讨全主动脉弓置换术中的体外循环及深低温停循环选择性脑灌注的管理。方法 DeBakeyⅠ主动脉瘤行主动脉弓全弓置换及主动脉远端支架植入术患者14例,均行右锁骨下动脉与右心房插管建立体外循环,在全身深低温停循环(DHCA)加顺行性选择性脑灌注(ASCP)下完成主动脉远端支架植入及弓部血管吻合后,开放升主动脉恢复全身体外循环灌注。结果 14例患者手术均顺利完成,术后未见明显神经并发症,全部痊愈出院。结论选择性脑灌注能为全主动脉弓置换手术提供良好的保障。     

分支优先行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的疗效观察

目的通过优先吻合主动脉弓分支的方式行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻术,改善术中大脑血供,缩短体外循环时间,以期获得更好的临床效果。方法2018年1月至2020年1月采用分支优先技术行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻手术11例,均为急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层。均采用分支优先行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻手术,记录体外循环时间,主动脉阻断时间,体外循环时间,停循环时间以及术后呼吸机使用时间,术后随访复查胸腹主动脉增强CT,评估康复情况并总结其临床疗效。结果11例患者均手术成功,体外循环时间(213.8±23.7)min,主动脉阻断时间(123.3±11.8)min,停循环时间(24.8±3.1)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间(73.3±37.9)h,仅1例患者因术后肝肾功能衰竭自动出院,出院时患者中度昏迷,气管切开,呼吸循环稳定,其余患者康复出院,早期复查效果满意。结论采用分支优先行主动脉全弓置换及支架象鼻术是治疗A型主动脉夹层的有效手术方式,缩短了体外循环时间,提供充分的大脑灌注,近期效果满意。     

主动脉弓替换手术43例体外循环管理

目的：回顾性总结累及主动脉弓部大血管手术的体外循环及其脑保护的管理模式.方法：中低温全心肺转流为基本方法,根据脑保护方法的不同将病人分为3组,深低温停循环组11例（A组）,双侧选择性顺行性脑灌注组8例（B组）,右锁骨下动脉插管单侧顺行性脑灌注组24例（C组）.结果：平均体外循环时间（174.6±41.3）min,平均心肌血运阻断时间（109.5±27.4）min.A组平均停循环时间（30.1±24.3）min,B组平均脑灌注时间（44.5±21.3）min,C组平均脑灌注时间（32.7±25.8）min.总病死率11.6%（5/43）,另有4例出现不同程度的脑部并发症.结论：主动脉弓替换术的体外循环管理,脑保护应成为重中之重.可根据基底动脉环是否完整,选择单侧或双侧选择性顺行性脑灌注.     

12例Debakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层选择性脑保护临床分析

目的:探讨右腋动脉或右锁骨下动脉选择性顺行脑灌注在主动脉夹层手术中应用价值.方法:回顾性分析采用深低温停循环+右腋动脉或右锁骨下动脉选择性顺行脑灌注手术治疗Debakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层12例患者的临床资料.结果:12例均行升主动脉+全弓置换+降主动脉术中支架置入术.全程转流154～298 min,主动脉阻断时间78～142 min,深低温停循环时间15～40 min,选择性脑灌注时间15～40 min.本组手术死亡1例,术后短暂脑损害1例,无永久性脑损害发生.结论:右腋动脉或右锁骨下动脉选择性顺行脑灌注在Debakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层手术中可提供有效的脑保护,其操作简便、安全.     

分支优先主动脉弓部手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的疗效观察

目的研究分支优先主动脉弓部手术运用于Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的价值。方法选择我院2014年3月～2018年3月纳入的40例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,均采取分支优先主动脉弓部手术进行治疗,观察治疗结果。结果我院40例Stanford A型主动脉夹层均顺利完成手术,其中手术时间为(326.14±22.46)min,体外循环时间(134.27±14.50)min,主动脉阻断时间(53.16±6.49)min,心肌血运阻断时间(79.05±8.23)min,深低温停循环时间(15.84±4.33)min,选择性脑灌注时间(15.90±3.76)min;术后有1例患者因合并肺部感染造成呼吸衰竭而死亡,一过性神经功能异常4例,切口感染3例,低氧血症1例,经治疗后好转,剩余患者均顺利出院;治疗前所有患者食欲、精神、睡眠、疲乏、疼痛及日常生活等生活质量评分均低于治疗后(P0.05)。结论分支优先主动脉弓部手术运用于Stanford A型主动脉夹层中效果明显,安全性较高,术后及时给予并发症处理,促进患者顺利出院,改善病情及生活质量,具有推广及应用的价值。     

支架“象鼻子”技术和主动脉瓣成形治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型夹层主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全

目的 介绍支架"象鼻子"技术和主动脉瓣成形治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型夹层主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的体会.方法 自2006-12～2007-12我们采用支架"象鼻子"技术、主动脉瓣成形、升主动脉和全主动脉弓置换治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型夹层主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全7例,手术采用胸部正中切口,右腋动脉插管,深低温停循环,选择性顺行脑灌注.通过交界悬吊和(或)部分窦切除进行主动脉瓣成形,用覆膜自膨胀支架血管置入左半弓和降主动脉近端形成"象鼻子".结果 无术中和术后大出血,选择性脑灌注时间和停循环时间20～30 min.术后恢复顺利,无住院死亡.随访2～14个月,无明显主动脉瓣膜关闭不全,覆膜支架膨胀良好,支架远段降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔缩小或消失,心功能Ⅰ级.结论 支架"象鼻子"技术、主动脉瓣成形、升主动脉和全主动脉弓置换是治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型夹层主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全安全、有效的方法.     

三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤疗效观察

目的：探讨应用镍钛记忆金属三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架涤纶人工血管治疗I型主动脉夹层的临床疗效。方法60例Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者行手术治疗。术中放置三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架。结果本组患者无死亡。未出现脑损害症状,无喉返神经损伤。手术时间、体外循环时间、低体温下停循环时间、术后止血时间、术后心包、纵隔引流液比传统弓部人工血管置换术均明显减少。结论应用三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架涤纶人工血管治疗I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤效果确切,简化了术式,值得进一步推广应用。     

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.     

Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗的随访研究

目的 总结34例急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗后的随访结果.方法 2005年1月至2010年10月,我院共为34例急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行全弓置换及术中腔内支架术治疗.术后门诊随访2～70个月,随访30例.分别于术后3、12个月及其后每年随访1次增强CT,观察远端假腔内血栓形成或吸收以及假腔闭合情况.结果 全组围术期死亡3例,病死率8.8％.随访期死亡1例.随访期所有患者远端覆膜支架处血管假腔均闭合,10例患者支架远端血管仍有假腔,但假腔直径均无明显增大.结论 对于急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行一期全弓置换及腔内支架术可以增加术后远端假腔的闭合率,减少因假腔扩大可能引起的再次手术.     

I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗的随访研究

目的总结34例急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗后的随访结果。方法2005年1月至2010年10月,我院共为34例急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行全弓置换及术中腔内支架术治疗。术后门诊随访2—70个月,随访30例。分别于术后3-,12个月及其后每年随访1次增强CT,观察远端假腔内血栓形成或吸收以及假腔闭合情况。结果全组围术期死亡3例,病死率8．8％。随访期死亡1例。随访期所有患者远端覆膜支架处血管假腔均闭合,10例患者支架远端血管仍有假腔,但假腔直径均无明显增大。结论对于急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行一期全弓置换及腔内支架术可以增加术后远端假腔的闭合率,减少因假腔扩大可能引起的再次手术。     

Risk factors of distal segment aortic enlargement after complicated type B aortic dissection

ObjectivesDistal segment aortic enlargement (DSAE) is a common complication that influences the long-term prognosis of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). In this study, a multivariate analysis was performed to find potential factors predictive of DSAE.MethodsA single-center retrospective study was performed from 1999 to 2016. Included in the study were complicated TBAD patients who underwent TEVAR with uncovered residual tears. Based on the diameter of the distal segment of the uncovered aorta, we assigned patients to an enlargement group and a non-enlargement group. Data extracted from the medical records included demographic and clinical characteristics and follow-up computed tomography angiography data. The primary endpoints were the all-cause mortality and the presumably aortic-related events that required reintervention during the follow-up period.ResultsFor the 333 patients, all-cause mortality was 38 (11.41%), and 76 (22.82%) patients underwent reintervention. A total of 70 (21.02%) patients experienced DSAE, among them were 2 patients who died of aortic rupture and 58 patients who accepted reintervention. Multivariate analysis reviewed independent risk factors of postoperative DSAE, including current smoking, the residual length of the patent false lumen, the postoperative number of dissection tears in the thoracic aorta and type III aortic arch; as well as protective factors, including the application of a restrictive bare stent (RBS), the length of covered stent in the descending thoracic aorta, and the distance from the residual first tear to the left subclavian artery (LSA).ConclusionDSAE after TEVAR for patients with a complicated TBAD can be influenced by their current smoking habit, the residual length of patent false lumen, the postoperative number of dissection tears in the thoracic aorta and the aortic arch type. Meanwhile, RBS usage, the length of the covered stent in the descending thoracic aorta and the distance from the residual first tear to the LSA could have positive effect on the prognosis.     

三分叉覆膜支架血管治疗A型主动脉瘤夹层手术的护理配合

目的探讨三分叉覆膜支架血管治疗A型主动脉瘤夹层手术的护理配合。方法对19例行三分叉覆膜支架血管治疗A型主动脉瘤夹层患者进行术前护理包括做好访视、健康教育,备齐手术用物和术中配合包括麻醉、体位摆放、根据手术需要调节手术间温度、做好皮肤和管道等护理。结果 19例患者手术顺利。住院15~36 d,平均25.5 d。术后随访1~4个月,19例患者的主动脉弓部及头臂动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,相应部位假腔消失或血栓填塞。无与支架覆膜血管相关的并发症。结论对三分叉覆膜支架血管治疗A型主动脉瘤夹层这类特大手术,充分的术前准备、熟练的术中配合及术后访视有利于手术的顺利实施,有利患者康复。     

胸主动脉夹层26例的手术治疗

目的总结26例各型胸主动脉夹层的手术治疗经验。方法2008年8月至2012年6月手术治疗26例胸主动脉夹层患者,男22例,女4例,年龄36～69岁,平均（51．1±12．9）岁。Stanford分型：A型10例,B型16例。A型中行升主动脉及全弓置换加术中象鼻支架植入术6例,Bentall术1例,升主动脉置换术3例;B型中行降主动脉置换术2例,降主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术（EVGE）14例（其中1例2d后再行腹主动脉置换术）。6例全弓置换脑保护采用深低温停循环（DHCA）加上腔静脉逆行灌注（RCP）,1例降主动脉置换下半身供血采用左心转流。术后定期复查CTA。结果10例StandfordA型患者死亡2例（20％）,1例术中死于鱼精蛋白反应后大出血,另1例术中出血多,术后第1天死于多脏器衰竭,余治愈出院。16例B型患者死亡1例（6．2％）,死于大出血,余均治愈出院。术后CTA显示人工血管血流通畅,支架系统位置良好,无内漏,主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的假腔血栓形成。结论手术是挽救主动脉夹层患者的重要手段,手术方式应根据破口特点及主动脉及其瓣膜具体情况来选择。全弓置换采用DHCA＋RCP脑保护效果良好。采用EVGE治疗StandfordB型夹层手术时间短、创伤小、效果佳。     

Spontaneous retrograde dissection of ascending aorta from descending thoracic aorta--a case review

A 56-year-old man with sudden onset chest pain, absent right lower limb pulses and ECG changes suggestive of inferior ST elevation MI underwent coronary angiogram through the right radial artery with a view to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The left coronary angiogram demonstrated severe proximal stenotic disease in the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries, but the right coronary artery could not be selectively cannulated. An ascending aortogram to visualise the right coronary artery not only failed to demonstrate it, but revealed, instead, a dissection flap in the ascending aorta, arch and descending thoracic aorta, with moderately severe aortic regurgitation. At operation, the patient was found to have an acute dissection of the ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta with an entry tear in the descending aorta below the left subclavian artery origin. Triple coronary artery bypass grafting with re-suspension of the aortic valve, supracoronary replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch and transaortic repair of the descending aortic tear was performed. The patient made an uncomplicated recovery, with the re-appearance of right limb pulses. A postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) scan revealed complete thrombosis of the false channel in the residual arch and a considerably shrunken false channel in the descending aorta and no aortic regurgitation. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from the descending aorta has been reported infrequently in the past. We believe the scale of the problem has been underestimated because of the failure to adopt open distal anastomosis routinely in the past and, hence, failure to inspect the arch and the descending aorta routinely, particularly when the intimal tear was not identified in the ascending aorta. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from an intimal tear in the descending aorta, when identified as such, has been managed, either on the principle of exclusion of the tear in the descending aorta by various elephant trunk procedures and their variants or, alternatively, on the principle of excision of the tear by extended one-stage aortic replacement, usually combined with an elephant trunk procedure. Neither of these procedures is widely adopted, owing to procedural, institutional and outcome considerations. We describe a transaortic repair of the intimal tear in the descending aorta with supracoronary interposition graft replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch with excellent clinical and radiological result. We also review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this incompletely understood lethal disease.     

Treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection with triple pre-fenestration,reduced diameter,and three-dimensional-printing techniques: A case report

BACKGROUNDA 63-year-old female was diagnosed with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 wk. The computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed Stanford type A aortic dissection (Myla type III aortic arch). The intimal tear was located at the top of the aortic arch and retrograded to the ascending aorta.CASE SUMMARYPreoperatively, a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of the aortic arch was made according to CTA data. Then, under the guidance of the 3D-printed aortic model, a pre-fenestrated stent-graft was customized, and the diameter of the stent-graft was reduced intraoperatively by surgeons. 3D printing, triple pre-fenestration, and reduced diameter techniques were used during the surgery. The CTA examinations were performed at the 3^rd mo and 1st year after the surgery; the results showed that the aortic dissection was repaired without endoleak, and all three branches of the aortic arch remained unobstructed.CONCLUSIONApplying the triple pre-fenestration technique for aortic arch lesions was feasible and minimally invasive in our case. The technique provides a new avenue for thoracic endovascular aortic repair of Stanford type A aortic dissection.     

80例急性主动脉夹层患者行三分支支架植入术的术后护理

总结了80例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行三分支支架植入术的术后护理经验。对患者进行严密的监护,密切观察心率、心律、呼吸、血压、意识状态和肾功能,维持水电解质、酸碱平衡和血流动力学的稳定,积极预防及处理已发生的急性肾功能衰竭、神经功能障碍、大出血等并发症。本组均治愈出院。