A case of blowout fracture of the orbital wall with eyeball entrapped within the ethmoid sinus

Blowout fractures, fractures of an orbital wall, are a common result of orbital injury. The author has experienced a case of a 66-year-old man who sustained a blowout fracture of the orbital wall with his intact eyeball entrapped within the ethmoid sinus. After undergoing a successful reduction surgery, the eyeball was repositioned to its original position, but the patient lost extraocular motility as well as vision. The final visual acuity was perception of light as a result of traumatic optic nerve injury and secondary retinal ischemia.     

A case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus invading the orbit in an adult

PURPOSE: A case study and literature review of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in an adult. METHODS: A 48-year-old male patient presented at our clinic complaining of proptosis that had persisted for 2 weeks in his left eye. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a destructive soft-tissue mass in the left ethmoid sinus with invasion of the left orbit and compression of the medial rectus muscle. Endoscopic intranasal biopsy revealed alveolar RMS. Conservative debulking and orbital wall decompression were performed. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical testing was positive for desmin, S-100, and smooth muscle actin (SMA), supporting the diagnosis of RMS. Since ipsilateral cervical and spinal metastasis was detected, systemic treatment was administered simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Although rarely found in adults, RMS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis plays an important role in the definitive diagnosis of RMS.     

Late central visual recovery after traumatic globe displacement into the maxillary sinus

Globe prolapse into the maxillary sinus after trauma is rare and usually portends a very poor visual prognosis. The authors present an unusual case of late restoration of central vision after such trauma. A 20-year-old man presented after motorcycle injury with a large right floor and medial orbital wall fracture with displacement of the globe into the maxillary sinus. The patient had no light perception on initial exam and was emergently taken to the operating room for globe exploration. No globe rupture was found, and the right orbital floor and medial wall fractures were repaired. Three days of intravenous methylprednisolone at 250 mg every 6 hours was administered postoperatively with no change in visual status, and the patient was discharged home on a rapid oral prednisone taper. At postoperative week 6, vision had returned to 20/20 OD centrally. Visual field testing revealed a central tunnel of vision. The patient's visual function continues to remain stable 2 years after the initial trauma.     

A rare case of basosquamous carcinoma of the orbit invading the maxillary sinus

A rare case of basosquamous carcinoma of the orbit invading the maxillary sinus is presented. The authors discuss clinical and pathological findings. Techniques for removal and reconstructive plastic surgery are reported.     

Surgery for strabismus secondary to ethmoid sinus surgery

PURPOSE: To review the outcome of surgery for strabismus due to ethmoid sinus surgery. CASES AND METHODS: The series comprised 13 cases, 1 of inferior rectus paresis, 1 of superior oblique paresis, 6 of medial rectus paresis, and 5 of medial rectus muscle palsy due to third nerve palsy. In the cases of paresis of the rectus muscle, resection of the rectus muscles was mainly performed. In the cases of palsy of the rectus muscle, transposition of the extraocular muscle with simultaneous recession of the lateral rectus muscle was performed. The major aim of surgery was to bring both eyes into alignment and to eliminate diplopia in the primary position. RESULTS: The mean preoperative horizontal deviation of 18.1 degrees of exotropia in the paresis cases was reduced to 1.4 degrees of exotropia after surgery. The mean preoperative vertical deviation of 3.8 degrees of hypertropia was reduced to 1.4 degrees of hypertropia postoperatively. The mean preoperative horizontal deviation of 35.6 degrees of exotropia in the palsy cases was reduced to 9.4 degrees of exotropia after surgery. The mean preoperative vertical deviation of 2.0 degrees of hypertropia was increased to 2.6 degrees of hypertropia postoperatively. Postoperatively, diplopia was absent in 11 cases with a slightly compensatory head posture. CONCLUSION: Surgery for strabismus due to sinus surgery induces improvements in eye position and diplopia.     

Diplopia due to maxillary sinus mucocoele

Mucocoeles are cyst-like lesions of the paranasal sinuses, which may rarely erode through the bony orbit and so displace or compress orbital contents. Such patients may present to ophthalmologists and other health care professionals with diverse problems including facial pain and swelling, proptosis, double vision, ptosis, infra-orbital anaesthesia, epiphora and optic nerve dysfunction with reduced vision. We present an illustrated interventional case report of an 81-year-old gentleman with a 2-week history of swelling around the left lower eyelid and malar region associated with double vision both in the primary position and particularly downgaze. We discuss the aetiology, diagnosis and contemporary management of maxillary mucocoeles and also the Caldwell-Luc procedure. The article serves as a reminder that maxillary mucocoeles may slowly and covertly invade the orbit and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with proptosis, globe displacement and an orbital or adnexal mass.     

Orbital invasion by chondromyxoid fibroma of the ethmoid sinus

A 10-year-old girl presented with painless progressive proptosis of the left eye. CT and MRI of the orbits showed a large ethmoidal mass invading the orbit. Clinically, despite its size, the tumor was not inducing any functional signs. A coronal approach was used to remove the tumor en bloc. Histopathology revealed that the lesion was a chondromyxoid fibroma, a neoplasm unreported in the ophthalmic literature.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术中前筛窦过度发育的处理

目的 探讨泪囊鼻腔吻合术(dacryocystodlinostomy，DCR)中前筛窦过度发育的处理方法。方法 147例泪囊鼻腔吻合术中发现前筛窦过度发育44例(50眼)。以弯蚊式钳插入患侧中鼻道探查、捏鼻鼓气、向骨孔中注水等方法予以识别。发现单层骨板36例(42眼)，双层骨板8例(8眼)；薄骨板29例(35眼)，厚骨板15例(15眼)。薄骨板以剥离子剥离取出，厚骨板以咬骨钳咬除。结果 术后随访3月～2年，全部患者术后溢泪症状消失，泪道冲洗通畅。结论 在泪囊鼻腔吻合术中正确识别和处理过度发育的前筛窦对提高手术成功率具有重要意义。     

Non-axial proptosis secondary to pneumosinus dilatans of the maxillary sinus

Pneumosinus Dilatans (PD) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of one or more paranasal sinuses that can lead to different functional and cosmetic presentations. Here we report right non-axial proptosis in a 47-year-old female secondary to pneumosinus dilatans of the maxillary sinus with superior bowing of the orbital floor.     

Rapid remodeling of the maxillary sinus in silent sinus syndrome

Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare disorder involving bony remodeling of the maxillary sinuses, including collapse of the orbital floor. It is typically unilateral and seen in the setting of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Patients present with enophthalmos and hypoglobus occasionally accompanied by diplopia. The condition is generally diagnosed with CT imaging and treated surgically. While SSS is most often reported as very slowly progressive, we report a patient with evidence of significant remodeling of the maxillary sinus over a period of 5.5 months.     

Ophthalmic manifestations of maxillary sinus mucoceles

Mucoceles involving any of the paranasal sinuses may present with ophthalmic disturbances. Maxillary antral mucoceles can encroach on the inferior orbit with ocular displacement and compression, proptosis or enophthalmos, lower lid distortion, tethering of extraocular muscles, and ptosis. Periocular pain, erosion of the inferior orbital rim, infraorbital nerve compression, epiphora, and inner canthal swellings are other important presentations. Postoperative mucoceles may involve only a portion of the antrum. Five illustrative cases are presented.