伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患者的牙颌面横向结构特征

目的比较伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患儿与正常儿童的牙颌颅面硬组织横向结构的差异,为临床诊断及选择合理的治疗方案提供理论依据。方法借助头颅后前位X线头影测量,对12例伴口呼吸的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患儿的牙颌颅面硬组织结构进行测量分析,并与15例正常儿童相应结构进行分析比较。结果伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患儿的上颌基骨宽度、上磨牙间距、下尖牙间距及骨性鼻腔宽度明显低于正常儿童(P<0.01);与正常相比,错患儿的下颌骨宽度、下磨牙间距的测量值也低于正常儿童(P<0.05)。结论口呼吸可引起儿童牙颌面横向结构上发育的异常,临床诊治时应对此异常给予考虑。     

伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)患者的牙颌面横向结构特征

目的比较伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)患儿与正常(牙合)儿童的牙颌颅面硬组织横向结构的差异,为临床诊断及选择合理的治疗方案提供理论依据.方法借助头颅后前位X线头影测量,对12例伴口呼吸的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)患儿的牙颌颅面硬组织结构进行测量分析,并与15例正常(牙合)儿童相应结构进行分析比较.结果伴口呼吸安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)患儿的上颌基骨宽度、上磨牙间距、下尖牙间距及骨性鼻腔宽度明显低于正常(牙合)儿童(P<0.01);与正常(牙合)相比,错(牙合)患儿的下颌骨宽度、下磨牙间距的测量值也低于正常儿童(P<0.05). 结论口呼吸可引起儿童牙颌面横向结构上发育的异常,临床诊治时应对此异常给予考虑.     

伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙,合)患者正畸治疗后牙颌面横向结构的改变

目的:探讨正畸治疗对伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者硬组织横向结构的影响.方法:对12例伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合病例用联冠式快速扩弓联合Tip-Edge差动直丝弓技术进行治疗,拍摄治疗前后X线头颅后前位片,进行治疗前后牙颌面横向结构测量分析.结果:矫治后上、下磨牙间距分别增加3.73 mm和3.65 mm,与治疗前比较变化有显著性差异(P<0.01);上颌基骨宽度及骨性鼻腔宽度也发生增大;与上磨牙冠根同时被扩宽相比,下磨牙间距的改变主要发生于牙冠部.结论:利用联冠式快速扩弓矫治器联合Tip-Edge差动直丝弓技术,可明显增加上颌基骨、上下牙弓及骨性鼻腔的宽度,可有效改善伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者横向发育不足畸形.     

伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错患者正畸治疗后牙颌面横向结构的改变

目的探讨正畸治疗对伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者硬组织横向结构的影响.方法对12例伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合病例用联冠式快速扩弓联合Tip-Edge差动直丝弓技术进行治疗,拍摄治疗前后X线头颅后前位片,进行治疗前后牙颌面横向结构测量分析.结果矫治后上、下磨牙间距分别增加3.73 mm和3.65 mm,与治疗前比较变化有显著性差异(P<0.01);上颌基骨宽度及骨性鼻腔宽度也发生增大;与上磨牙冠根同时被扩宽相比,下磨牙间距的改变主要发生于牙冠部.结论利用联冠式快速扩弓矫治器联合Tip-Edge差动直丝弓技术,可明显增加上颌基骨、上下牙弓及骨性鼻腔的宽度,可有效改善伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者横向发育不足畸形.     

伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ~1类错患者正畸治疗后牙颌面横向结构的改变

目的 :探讨正畸治疗对伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者硬组织横向结构的影响。方法 :对 12例伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合病例用联冠式快速扩弓联合Tip Edge差动直丝弓技术进行治疗 ,拍摄治疗前后X线头颅后前位片 ,进行治疗前后牙颌面横向结构测量分析。结果 :矫治后上、下磨牙间距分别增加 3 .73mm和 3 .65mm ,与治疗前比较变化有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;上颌基骨宽度及骨性鼻腔宽度也发生增大 ;与上磨牙冠根同时被扩宽相比 ,下磨牙间距的改变主要发生于牙冠部。结论 :利用联冠式快速扩弓矫治器联合Tip Edge差动直丝弓技术 ,可明显增加上颌基骨、上下牙弓及骨性鼻腔的宽度 ,可有效改善伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错牙合患者横向发育不足畸形     

伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错he患者正畸治疗后牙颌面横向结构的改变

目的：探讨正畸治疗对伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错he患者硬组织横向结构的影响。方法：对12例伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错he病例用联冠式快速扩弓联合Tip—Edge差动直丝弓技术进行治疗，拍摄治疗前后X线头颅后前位片，进行治疗前后牙颌面横向结构测量分析。结果：矫治后上、下磨牙间距分别增加3．73mm和3．65mm，与治疗前比较变化有显著性差异(P＜0．01)；上颌基骨宽度及骨性鼻腔宽度也发生增大；与上磨牙冠根同时被扩宽相比，下磨牙间距的改变主要发生于牙冠部。结论：利用联冠式快速扩弓矫治器联合Tip-Edge差动直丝弓技术，可明显增加上颌基骨、上下牙弓及骨性鼻腔的宽度，可有效改善伴口呼吸习惯安氏Ⅱ1类错he患者横向发育不足畸形。     

安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合扩弓后牙弓宽度的稳定性研究

目的 探讨安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合扩弓矫治后的牙弓宽度的稳定性.方法 分别测量17例安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合患者扩弓治疗前后及保持2年磨牙间及尖牙间牙弓宽度.结果 安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合患者扩弓治疗前后上下尖牙及磨牙间宽度均明显增大(P＜0.05),保持2年后上尖牙及磨牙宽度基本稳定,而下尖牙间宽度明显缩窄.结论 安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合扩弓矫治后,最好用舌侧保持器做永久保持.     

安氏Ⅱ类1分类错的遗传特征初探

目的　通过分析安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合的特征性指标的亲子间相似性 ,初步探讨安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合的遗传特征 ,并分析其对临床矫治的指导意义。方法　通过t检验 ,比较 6 1例安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合患者与 10 0例正常牙合人的颅面结构 ,找出特征性指标 ,分析特征性指标与非特征性指标亲子间相关关系的差异。结果　① 10 4个测量项目中有 43项的正常牙合与错牙合间有显著性差异 ,且在颅面部不同部位中 ,这些指标的比例不同 ,有显著性差异的指标占 5 0 %以上的部位主要为下颌骨 (5 3% ) ,牙槽部 (5 7% )及上下颌间关系 (10 0 % ) ;②通过逐步判别分析 ,筛选出 12个判别函数 ,回代后错判率为 8.5 4% ;③安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合的特征性指标其亲子间相似性较非特征性指标强。结论　①本组安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合主要由下颌骨、牙槽部及上下颌间关系的畸形造成 ;②安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合可能并不是简单地由几种不协调的颅面结构随机组装而成 ,而很可能是在某种程度上作为一个整体遗传的 ;③上颌牙齿 (包括切牙和磨牙 )是矫治安氏Ⅱ类 1分类错牙合的一个关键     

安氏Ⅱ类1分类错的机制探讨

<正> 安氏Ⅱ类1分类(Ⅱ′)错的形成机制比较复杂,涉及牙、颌、颅、面等因素。主要表现为矢状、垂直、横向三维空间结构不调。本文通过对Ⅱ′错(牙合)与正常(牙合)的模型及头影测量比较,进一步探讨Ⅱ′错(牙合)的形成机制。材料与方法一、材料来源:Ⅱ′错(牙合)50例(男20,女30),平均年龄14.3岁(11～24岁),选择标准为:双侧磨牙远中关系;前牙深超(牙合)(4个牙     

安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)口周肌肌电活动的研究

目的 对比研究恒牙列早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形,矫治前口周肌(上口轮匝肌、下口轮匝肌、颏肌)在不同功能状态下的肌电活动变化.方法 选择20例恒牙列早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形患者,采用表面肌电仪对矫治前口周肌在下颌息止位、唇闭合、咬合、吞咽等不同功能状态下的肌电活动变化进行检测.通过计算机辅助软件与个别正常牙合对照组进行肌电幅值的定量分析比较,并与相关颅面、牙牙合头影测量参数进行多元回归分析.结果 下颌息止位与咬合时,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合与个别正常牙合对照组相比,口周肌肌电活动在统计学上均没有显著性差异;唇闭合时,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合组上口轮匝肌和颏肌的肌电活动幅值明显高于个别正常牙合对照组;吞咽时,安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合组口周肌肌电活动幅值均高于个别正常牙合对照组,在统计学上具有显著性差异.结论 安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合上下颌骨矢状关系的不调以及上下切牙的唇向倾斜和前突,与功能活动中口周肌肌电活动的异常增高密切相关,是影响唇功能异常的重要因素.     

AngleⅡ类错(牙合)畸形患者牙弓宽度的测量分析

目的：比较分析AngleⅡ类错[牙合]畸形患者牙弓宽度及其牙弓形态特点。方法：选择AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄15．6岁）、AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄15．8岁）和对照组AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄16．2岁）的原始模型各40副,测量每副模型的上下尖牙、第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一磨牙之间的距离,计算上、下颌对应牙弓宽度差;对各组各项牙弓宽度和牙弓宽度差进行t检验。结果：AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上颌牙弓宽度较AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者狭窄,但差异无显著性（Jp〉0．05）,AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度与AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者无显著差异（P〉0．05）;AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者上颌中、后牙弓宽度和下颌牙弓宽度较AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者的牙弓宽度窄,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度比AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽大,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌宽度差小于AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者,尖牙、第二前磨牙处差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌牙弓宽度差与AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者无显著差异（P〉0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌牙宽度差比AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者小,尖牙处宽度差差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：AngleⅡ^1、AngleⅡ^2错[牙合]畸形患者上颌牙弓以及AngleⅡ^2错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度发育均有不足．治疗中可适当进行扩弓。     

Dental and alveolar arch widths in normal occlusion, class II division 1 and class II division 2

The aim of this study was to compare the transverse dimensions of the dental arches and alveolar arches in the canine, premolar, and molar regions of Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusion groups with normal occlusion subjects. This study was performed using measurements on dental casts of 150 normal occlusion (mean age: 21.6 +/- 2.6 years), 106 Class II division 1 (mean age: 17.2 +/- 2.4 years), and 108 Class II division 2 (mean age: 18.5 +/- 2.9 years) malocclusion subjects. Independent-samples t-test was applied for comparisons of the groups. These findings indicate that the maxillary interpremolar width, maxillary canine, premolar and molar alveolar widths, and mandibular premolar and molar alveolar widths were significantly narrower in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion than in the normal occlusion sample. The maxillary interpremolar width, canine and premolar alveolar widths, and all mandibular alveolar widths were significantly narrower in the Class II division 2 group than in the normal occlusion sample. The mandibular intercanine and interpremolar widths were narrower and the maxillary intermolar width measurement was larger in the Class II division 2 subjects when compared with the Class II division 1 subjects. Maxillary molar teeth in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusions tend to incline to the buccal to compensate the insufficient alveolar base. For that reason, rapid maxillary expansion rather than slow expansion may be considered before or during the treatment of Class II division 1 patients.     

Upper airway dimensions in Class II malocclusion. Effects of headgear treatment

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2-11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15 degrees upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. RESULTS: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3-3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P < .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. CONCLUSION: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.     

A polynomial approach to craniofacial growth: description and comparison of adolescent males with normal occlusion and those with untreated Class II malocclusion

Orthogonal polynomials are used to model the craniofacial growth of adolescent boys, aged 11 through 14 years, and to evaluate variation between normal occlusion and untreated Class II malocclusion. The results show linear growth (velocity) for the maxillary measures; their angular relationships to the cranial base remain stable throughout the age range. Mandibular measures show growth velocity and acceleration, indicating the adolescent growth spurt. For the majority (80%) of measures, boys with normal occlusion and those with Class II malocclusion were not significantly different. Mean growth velocity of basion-nasion is significantly greater for subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Total mandibular length and the ANB angle display significant mean size (constant) differences between boys with normal occlusion and boys with untreated Class II malocclusion. The groups are comparable in growth velocity and acceleration, indicating that the size differences are established before 11 years of age and maintained during adolescence.     

Thin-plate spline analysis of craniofacial growth in Class I and Class II subjects

OBJECTIVE: To compare the craniofacial growth characteristics of untreated subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion with those of subjects with normal (Class I) occlusion from the prepubertal through the postpubertal stages of development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Class II division 1 sample consisted of 17 subjects (11 boys and six girls). The Class I sample also consisted of 17 subjects (13 boys and four girls). Three craniofacial regions (cranial base, maxilla, and mandible) were analyzed on the lateral cephalograms of the subjects in both groups by means of thin-plate spline analysis at T1 (prepubertal) and T2 (postpubertal). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were performed on both size and shape differences between the two groups. RESULTS: The results showed an increased cranial base angulation as a morphological feature of Class II malocclusion at the prepubertal developmental phase. Maxillary changes in either shape or size were not significant. Subjects with Class II malocclusion exhibited a significant deficiency in the size of the mandible at the completion of active craniofacial growth as compared with Class I subjects. CONCLUSION: A significant deficiency in the size of the mandible became apparent in Class II subjects during the circumpubertal period and it was still present at the completion of active craniofacial growth.     

Morphometric analysis of the transverse dentoskeletal features of class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal features of Class II malocclusion in the transverse plane by means of a morphometric analysis (thin-plate spline analysis [TPS]) applied to posteroanterior cephalograms. A sample of 49 subjects (24 males, 25 females; mean age 7 years, 9 +/- 5 months) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion was compared with a control group of 50 subjects (17 males, 33 females; mean age 8 years, 4 +/- 3 months) with Class I occlusion. Subjects of both groups were in the mixed dentition and had no history of orthodontic treatment. Average craniofacial configurations were subjected to TPS analysis to compare the differences in shape between the two groups. The results of the present study showed that subjects with Class II malocclusion exhibited significant shape differences in craniofacial configuration in the frontal plane when compared with subjects with normal occlusion; these differences mainly consisted of a contraction of the maxilla at both the skeletal and the dentoalveolar levels and a narrowing of the base of the nose. The reduction in maxillary dentoskeletal width was associated with an increase in the vertical height of the maxilla.     

Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial pattern of syrian children with class III malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the craniofacial complex of Syrian children with Class III malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 69 patients with Class III malocclusion (23 male and 46 female; ages 5 to 12 years) were selected on the basis of molar relationship. Cases were analyzed and compared with a Class I control group that was matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin. The children with Class III malocclusion exhibited a distinct craniofacial morphologic characteristic that was manifest in a combination of alterations in angular and linear measurements on the lateral cephalogram. Both the anterior cranial base (SN) and posterior cranial base (SAr) were significantly shorter than normal in the Class III group, and the cranial base angle (NSAr) was slightly smaller than normal. Maxillary length (Co-A) was significantly smaller, and the maxilla was more posteriorly positioned in the patients with Class III malocclusion. The mandible was within the neutral range of protrusion, and there was a slight increase in total mandibular length (Co-Gn), accompanied by a more forward positioning of the glenoid fossa in patients with Class III malocclusion. Dental aberrations in the patients with Class III malocclusion were manifested essentially by a significant decrease in the angulation and protrusion of the maxillary incisors relative to the A-Pog line, whereas the mandibular incisors showed only a slight amount of linguoversion. Patients with Class III malocclusion also tended to have a significantly smaller vertical face dimension and shorter lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me). Because of these distinct morphologic features, early orthopedic intervention with protraction face mask therapy may be the method of choice for most of the patients with Class III malocclusion included in this study.     

西安地区Ⅲ类错(牙合)颅面类型矢状向构成分析

目的分析西安地区Ⅲ类错颅面类型矢状向的构成,对临床制定合理的矫治方案提供一定的依据。方法采用计算机辅助X线头影测量技术,对第四军医大学口腔医院正畸科2003～2008年间就诊的1177例Ⅲ类错患者的颅面类型进行回顾性研究,统计分析Ⅲ类错矢状向的构成。结果Ⅲ类错患者替牙期分类构成中,矢状向主要表现为上颌正常,下颌发育过度;其次为下颌正常,上颌发育不足。其它类型占比例较低。恒牙早期患者矢状向主要表现形式为双颌发育基本正常或上颌正常,下颌发育过度。恒牙期Ⅲ类错的主要表现形式为上颌正常,下颌发育过度。其次为上颌发育不足伴下颌发育过度。结论西安地区Ⅲ类错矢状向颅面类型在不同年龄段的构成存在一定差异,但总的来说下颌前突仍是Ⅲ类错的主要表现形式。     

A Study of the Facial Soft Tissue Morphology in Nasal- and Mouth-Breathing Patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of children with skeletal Class II structure with different breathing patterns.MethodsThe 3dMDFace system (3dMD Inc.) was used to obtain 3D facial images. A total of 65 patients aged 10 to 12 years with skeletal Class II malocclusion (A point-Nasion-B point angle >5°) were grouped by sex into nasal-breathing (NB) and mouth-breathing (MB) participants. A total of 19 measurements, including linear distances, angles, and ratios, were measured. The measurements were compared using independent sample t test and Mann–Whitney U test. Factor analysis and logistic regression were used to test the correlation between facial morphology and different breathing patterns.ResultsFor male children, the lower lip was longer in the MB group than in the NB group (P < .05). For female children, compared to NB, MB patients had a narrower mandibular width (P < .05), a smaller ratio of mandibular width to face height (MB: 0.99 ± 0.08 vs NB: 1.04 ± 0.09; P < .05), and a larger ratio of lower lip height to lip width (MB: 1.24 ± 0.10 vs NB: 1.19 ± 0.16; P < .05). In both male and female children, MB participants had a more convex nasolabial angle (P < .05) and an increased ratio of the lower part of the face to the upper facial height (male MB: 1.61 ± 0.17 vs male NB: 1.50 ± 0.12; female MB: 1.52 ± 0.10 vs female NB: 1.50 ± 0.20; P < .05). The logistic regression test showed no significant correlation between facial morphology and breathing patterns.ConclusionsIn participants with skeletal Class II pattern, MB children compared with NB children showed different facial morphology in the same sex group. The children with MB showed a more protruded upper lip and increased lower facial height, accounting for a larger proportion of the facial height. However, no significant correlation was found between facial morphology and breathing pattern. Only correlative trends were found.     

Comparison of arch width,alveolar width and buccolingual inclination of teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion

Objective:To compare the arch width, alveolar width, and buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion.Materials and Methods:Forty-five subjects with Class I occlusion and 45 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected to measure the maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width of premolars and first molars with digital caliper. Buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular premolars and first molars were measured with a modified universal bevel protractor.Results:All of the posterior teeth in both groups were lingually tilted. The maxillary premolars and first molars were significantly more lingually tilted (P < .05) in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. Mandibular first premolars were significantly less lingually tilted in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. No significant difference of buccolingual inclination was found in mandibular second premolars and first molars between the two groups. No significant difference in maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width was found between the two groups.Conclusions:Buccolingual inclination rather than arch width and alveolar width plays an important role in transverse discrepancy of Class II division 1 malocclusion.