持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并高血压患者血压及血脂代谢的影响

目的探讨持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并高血压患者血压及血脂代谢的影响。方法选取2014年11月—2016年12月深圳市龙岗区人民医院收治的OSAHS并高血压患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上联合应用持续气道正压通气治疗;两组患者均连续治疗2个月。比较两组患者治疗前后爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)评分、血压[包括收缩压、舒张压]、血脂指标[包括总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]、简明健康状况调查量表(SF-36)评分。结果治疗前两组患者ESS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者ESS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者收缩压、舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者收缩压、舒张压低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组,血清HDL-C水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者生理功能、社会功能、精神状态、情感职能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者生理功能、社会功能、精神状态、情感职能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论持续气道正压通气可有效降低OSAHS并高血压患者血压,改善患者血脂代谢及嗜睡情况,提高患者生活质量。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者持续气道正压通气治疗的依从性

目的 评价65岁以上老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者接受持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗的依从性是否与年龄<65岁患者有所不同;并探讨影响OSAHS患者接受CPAP治疗依从性的因素.方法 将147位经过多导睡眠仪(PSG)诊断的OSAHS患者分为两组,其中年龄≥65岁组为46例,年龄<65岁组101例,147例OSAHS患者的临床资料及PSG检查结果均被前瞻性的输入数据库,随访所有患者CPAP治疗压力水平及呼吸机使用时间.结果 与年龄<65岁OSAHS组比较,年龄≥65岁OSAHS组中合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)较高(16%对4%,P=0.02),心血管疾患患病率较高(23%对10%,P=0.04),长期饮酒者所占比例较高(61%对38%,P=0.007).打鼾者比例较低(31%对54%,P=0.03);睡眠时间较短(378 min对423 min,P=0.001),入睡后的醒觉时间延长(162 min对115 min,P=0.004),睡眠效率减低(69%对77%,P<0.001),1期睡眠时间延长(29%对20%,P=0.001),3～4期睡眠(6%对9%,P=0.016)与快速眼动相(REM)睡眠时间(12%对15%,P=0.001)缩短.在3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年期间接受CPAP治疗的患者在≥65岁组中为91%、89%、84%、82%、82%,而在<65岁组中为92%、86%、81%、72%、67%.CPAP的平均使用时间在年龄≥65岁组为(5.1±1.5)h/d,在年龄<65岁组中为(3.9±1.2)h/d.多元回归分析结果表明,相对较高的CPAP治疗压力是较好CPAP治疗依从性的唯一因素.结论 与年龄<65岁患者比较,年龄≥65岁OSAHS患者接受CPAP治疗的依从性并未见降低;相对较高的CPAP治疗压力与较好的治疗依从性有关.     

气道正压通气治疗高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OS-AHS)患者,以评价该疗法对血压和睡眠呼吸监测参数的影响。方法临床确诊合并OSAHS的高血压患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在给予常规药物(抗高血压药、抗动脉硬化药物)治疗的同时进行nCPAP治疗,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗。30天后,观察两组治疗前后血压、睡眠呼吸监测参数变化。结果高血压合并OSAHS患者共60例,治疗组和对照组各30例;治疗后治疗组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最长呼吸暂停时间和最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2min),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);部分患者降压药物减量或停用,仅用nCPAP治疗就能维持正常血压。结论nCPAP是非药物治疗合并OSAHS高血压患者的一种安全有效方法。     

气道正压通气治疗高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的 经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者,以评价该疗法对血压和睡眠呼吸监测参数的影响.方法 临床确诊合并OSAHS的高血压患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在给予常规药物(抗高血压药、抗动脉硬化药物)治疗的同时进行nCPAP治疗,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗.30天后,观察两组治疗前后血压、睡眠呼吸监测参数变化.结果 高血压合并OSAHS患者共60例,治疗组和对照组各30例;治疗后治疗组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最长呼吸暂停时间和最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2min),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);部分患者降压药物减量或停用,仅用nCPAP治疗就能维持正常血压.结论 nCPAP是非药物治疗合并OSAHS高血压患者的一种安全有效方法.     

短期持续正压通气对老年与非老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者降压疗效比较

目的：比较短期持续正压通气（CPAP）治疗对老年与非老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者的降压疗效。方法入选2012年11月至2013年5月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院高血压科住院经多导睡眠监测确诊的OSAHS合并高血压患者100例,按年龄分为老年组与非老年组。在原有降压药物治疗基础上,给予连续每日夜间CPAP治疗＞6h,持续1周。监测两组每日血压水平,对治疗前后血压、血压下降幅度及血压达标率做组内自身前后对照比较,分析短期CPAP治疗对两组患者降压疗效差异。结果（1）非老年组CPAP治疗第7天晨起收缩压[mSBP,（135.0±13.2） vs （140.6±15.0）mmHg,P＜0.05,1mmHg＝0.133kPa]、晨起舒张压[mDBP,（86.3±9.3） vs （93.3±11.5）mmHg,P＜0.05]、晨起平均动脉压[（102.6±9.8） vs （109.1±11.7）mmHg （P＜0.05）]均低于治疗前,第7天晨起平均动脉压下降幅度[（9.2±11.7） vs （5.0±10.7）mmHg,P＜0.05]大于第1天;老年组差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（2）非老年组CPAP治疗第7天mSBP达标率（80.7%vs 45.5%, P＜0.05）、mDBP达标率（80.7%vs 29.5%,P＜0.05）高于治疗前;老年组差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论短期CPAP治疗对非老年OSAHS合并高血压患者降压疗效优于老年患者。     

气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者脉压的影响

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者脉压的变化及经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）的影响。方法选择85例经多导睡眠图仪（PSG）诊断的OSAHS患者,同时随机选取15例中重度OSAHS患者进行nCPAP治疗,在PSG监测前后及期间每2小时测量其血压,计算出脉压、脉压变化幅度、平均收缩压及平均舒张压,并计算体重指数。结果41％OSAHS患者同时合并有高血压;OSAHS合并高血压组患者的呼吸紊乱指数、脉压及体重指数明显高于单纯OSAHS患者,其最低血氧饱和度以及平均血氧饱和度均低于单纯OSAHS患者;重度OSAHS患者的脉压、体重指数、平均收缩压及平均舒张压均明显大于轻、中度OSAHS患者,而轻、中OSAHS患者之间差异无显著性意义。nCPAP可提高OSAHS患者最低血氧饱和度,同时降低其呼吸紊乱指数、平均收缩压、平均舒张压及脉压。相关分析结果表明,呼吸紊乱指数与脉压（r=0．395,P〈0．01）、平均收缩压（r=0．403,P〈0．01）、平均舒张压（r=0．313,P〈0．01）呈正相关,与最低氧饱和度（r=-0．424,P〈0．01）呈负相关,与体重指数、平均氧饱和度无相关。结论脉压是OSAHS的严重程度及是否并发高血压心血管事件的预测因子;nCPAP能下调OSAHS患者脉压及血压,是缓解OSAHS病情进展的有效治疗措施。     

持续气道正压通气治疗老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压的疗效

目的探讨老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与高血压之间的关系,以及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗老年人OSAHS合并高血压的远期效果。方法104例确诊为OSAHS合并高血压的门诊或住院患者,其中52例患者经过6个月的nCPAP治疗作为治疗组,于行nCPAP治疗前及治疗后6个月,进行多导睡眠图(PSG)及24h动态血压测定,另52例患者未行nCPAP治疗或治疗失败作为对照组,6个月后对两组重复上述各项指标的监测并进行统计学处理。结果治疗组治疗前最长呼吸暂停时间、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低氧分压(SpO2)、收缩压/舒张压分别为(63.5±22.4)s、(46.8±19.2)次/h、(62.4±18.5)%、(146.2±9.5/90.4±8.5)mmHg,经过nCPAP治疗6个月后,上述各项指标分别为(10.5±11.4)s(、4.6±4.0)次/h(、89.81±8.2)%、(134.7±8.3/82.6±9.1)mmHg,均有显著改善(P<0.01),平均血压明显好转,治疗组降压有效率为96%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),部分患者停用降压药。结论反复低氧血症、呼吸暂停可能是部分老年OSAHS伴发高血压的发病原因,nCPAP治疗有助于此类患者血压的恢复。     

自动调节持续气道正压通气强化治疗对老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的疗效

目的 探讨自动调节持续气通正压通气(auto CPAP)强化治疗对老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的疗效并分析影响其疗效的因素. 方法 用半随机对照方法将2009年4月至2011年4月在复旦大学附属中山医院鼾症和睡眠呼吸障碍诊治中心确诊的老年OSAHS患者分为强化治疗组(强化组,111例)与非强化治疗组(非强化组,109例),前者进行3d连续医院内强化治疗,治疗过程中对其进行针对性健康教育和指导,并根据其前一天治疗情况,对auto-CPAP呼吸机参数进行适当调整;后者仅进行1d的auto-CPAP治疗,辅以常规的健康教育和指导.比较两组患者的治疗参数包括呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度(SaO2min)、夜间平均血氧饱和度(SaO2mean)及血氧饱和度＜90％的时间(tSaO2＜90％)、临床症状和不良反应发生率、Epworth嗜睡量表评分的差异,并对影响强化治疗的因素进行相关分析. 结果 强化组治疗后Epworth评分、AHI、tSaO2 ＜90％分别为(3.58±3.76)分、(7.85±6.53)次/h、(5.65±15.43) min,与非强化组治疗后(6.84±3.22)分、(10.42±7.27)次/h、(15.26±33.14) min相比显著减少(t=6.90、2.76、2.77,均P＜0.05);强化组治疗后SaO2 min和SaO2 mean分别为(88.24±4.43)％和(96.57±1.53)％,与非强化组(83.28±5.06)％和(94.63±1.38)％比较显著增加(t=-7.74、-9.87,均P＜0.05);临床症状及不良反应(除皮肤过敏)明显减轻(均P＜0.05).女性患者强化治疗后AHI(41.03±21.99)次/h比男性(38.59±20.83)次/h更低(t=2.13,P＜0.05),相关分析显示患者体质指数(BMI)、年龄、性别、治疗前病情程度与疗效相关(均P＜0.05). 结论 医院内强化治疗能显著改善老年OSAHS患者病情,降低临床症状及不良反应发生率,有助于提高老年OSAHS患者治疗依从性,强化治疗疗效与患者BMI、年龄、性别及治疗前病情程度等因素有关.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者持续气道正压通气治疗依从性的影响因素及对策

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)在成人中的患病率为2%～4%,而且随年龄增长患病率逐渐增加,是多种全身疾病的独立危险因素[1].经鼻持续气道正压通气(CPAP)是目前治疗OSAHS最有效和首选的措施[2].CPAP疗效和患者依从性密切相关,但是经长期随访仅46%的患者能够规律使用CPAP[3].因此,本文对如何提高CPAP治疗依从性做一综述.     

持续正压通气对合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的老年高血压患者血压的影响

目的 探讨持续正压通气对合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的老年高血压患者血压的影响。方法 选择2015年6月至2018年1月就诊于我科,通过多导睡眠监测证实合并OSAHS的老年高血压患者126例,随机将其分为两组：对照组58例和治疗组68例,其中对照组给予常规降压药物,治疗组全部患者给予常规降压药物联合持续正压通气治疗,持续治疗6个月后,比较两组患者治疗前后24 h动态血压的变化。结果[结果部分应列举主要数据,并修改英文摘要] ①组间比较：治疗前两组患者的24 h平均收缩压（151.53±10.06,152.31±10.31）、24小时平均舒张压（69.81±9.89,69.51±9.57）、白天平均收缩压（160.62±10.39, 160.67±10.49）、白天平均舒张压（71.92±9.54,72.43±9.46）、夜间平均收缩压（147.72±11.21,146.57±11.09） 及夜间平均舒张压（67.38±10.88, 67.89±10.54 ）相比,未见统计学差异（P>0.05）,治疗后两组患者的24 h平均收缩压（140.63±8.33,136.50±9.02）、24小时平均舒张压（64.05±9.32,62.17±8.71）、白天平均收缩压（144.71±9.45,139.41±9.53）、白天平均舒张压（66.73±9.82,65.46±8.68）、夜间平均收缩压（137.65±10.34,131.36±10.35）及夜间平均舒张压（62.67±10.19,60.38±9.03）相比,治疗组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。②组内比较：对照组与治疗组治疗前后的24 h平均收缩压（151.53±10.06与140.63±8.33,152.31±10.31与136.50±9.02）、24小时平均舒张压（69.81±9.89与64.05±9.32,69.51±9.57与62.17±8.71）、白天平均收缩压（160.62±10.3与9144.71±9.45,160.67±10.49与139.41±9.53）、白天平均舒张压（71.92±9.54与66.73±9.82,72.43±9.46与65.46±8.68）、夜间平均收缩压（147.72±11.21与137.65±10.34,146.57±11.09与131.36±10.35）及夜间平均舒张压（67.38±10.88与62.67±10.19,67.89±10.54与60.38±9.03）相比,治疗后较治疗前均下降,且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但治疗组各项血压观察指标下降幅度均高于对照组。结论 在常规药物基础上,联合持续正压通气治疗可更有效降低合并OSAHS的老年高血压患者的血压。     

Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective: The most significant complications seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are associated with the cardiovascular system. The present study assessed aortic stiffness in patients with OSAS and evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on aortic stiffness. Method: Twenty‐four patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, moderate or severe OSAS (apnea‐hypopnea index > 15) and a control group of 17 healthy patients were included in the study. M‐mode recordings of the ascending aorta were taken from the parasternal long axis by echocardiograhy, and systolic and diastolic diameters of the aorta were measured. Aortic elastic parameters, aortic strain, and distensibility were calculated. Measurements were repeated after 6 months of CPAP therapy in patients with OSAS and were compared with baseline values. Results: In patients with OSAS, compared with the control group, aortic strain (6.7%± 2.1% vs. 12.4%± 3.1%; P < 0.001) and aortic distensibility (2.8 ± 0.9 × 10^?6 cm² dyn^?1 vs. 5.5 ± 1.7 × 10^?6 cm² dyn^?1; P < 0.001) were evidently lower, and there was a significant correlation between aortic elastic parameters and AHI. After a 6‐month course of CPAP therapy, significant increases were observed in aortic strain (6.1%± 1.5% vs. 7.3%± 1.7%; P < 0.001) and aortic distensibility (2.5 ± 0.7 × 10^?6 cm² dyn^?1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 × 10^?6 cm² dyn^?1; P < 0.001) in patients with OSAS. Conclusion: Aortic strain and distensibility were lower in patients with OSAS than in control patients, and CPAP treatment provided improvement in aortic elastic parameters. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 26, November 2009)     

持续正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气患者血压影响差异分析

背景阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是高血压的独立危险因子,持续正压通气是其有效治疗方式。然而,持续正压通气(CPAP)对血压影响的结论并不统一。目的分析 CPAP 对 OSAHS 患者血压的影响。方法对2000-01—2008-01间 CPAP 对血压影响的论文进行检索,筛选经有效 CPAP 治疗不少于两周且治疗前后血压数据完整的随机试验,并对相关数据进行分析。结果经筛选,纳入相关文献16篇、共1309人。CPAP治疗组治疗前后收缩压降低5.4 mmHg(95%CI:2.9～7.8),舒张压降低3.9 mmHg(95%CI:1.9～5.9);持续正压通气后收缩压降低组与未降低组初始收缩压存在显著差异(144.5 mmHg vs 140.0 mmHg,P<0.05)。结论对于合并 OSAHS 的高血压患者,有效的 CPAP 治疗有利于控制血压,且初始血压高的 OSAHS 患者经有效 CPAP 后血压降低明显。但是,对血压的效益大小应根据初始血压情况、呼吸紊乱程度、嗜睡程度(ESS)进行综合评定。     

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Hispanic Population

Objectives: We sought to explore the relationship between the diagnosis of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a Hispanic population, describe the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure regulation, and assess the effect of CPAP on quality of life. Design: A retrospective, recall interview study. Participants: Patients enrolled at the Home Oxygen Program of the San Juan V.A. Medical Center with the diagnosis of OSA and treatment with CPAP. Measurements: The Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index was administered to all patients after informed consent. Information regarding co-morbid conditions and fluctuations in blood pressure and anthropometric variables were obtained on a follow-up evaluation. Results: After excluding for the use of antihypertensive medications, weight, and age, a 10% decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 100 mm Hg to 92 mm Hg was observed in an average of 40 months of therapy (p < 0.05). With the Calgary Quality of Life Index, 67% of the patients reported an extreme improvement in their quality of life. Compliance with CPAP therapy correlated with improved quality of life (r = 0.33, p < 0.015). Conclusions: In this pilot study, there appears to be a correlation between our intervention and decline of blood pressure, independent of body weight, age, or medication usage. CPAP treatment is an effective modality in improving symptoms and quality of life.     

Effect on Quality of Life of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, the impact of CPAP on quality of life (QOL) is controversial. The aim of this study was to systematically review and determine whether CPAP improves QOL in patients with OSAS. We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify studies published between 1966 and 2007 comparing values of CPAP with control. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to analyze the data. The pooled WMD was calculated by using a fixed or random-effect model. The outcomes for 1,256 patients from 16 studies, of whom 656 patients underwent CPAP and 600 were controls, were included. CPAP led to significant improvements in the Nottingham health profile part 2 (WMD=1.657; 95% CI=3.005, -0.308; p=0.016), but there was no difference in other general QOL scores. Patients undergoing CPAP scored better in physical function (WMD=3.457; 95% CI=0.144, 6.771; p=0.041), body pain (WMD=4.017; 95% CI= -0.008, 8.042; p=0.05), energy vitality (WMD=6.984; 95% CI = 0.557, 13.411; p=0.033) and physical component summary (PCS) (WMD=2.040; 95% CI=0.045, 4.035; p=0.045) using the SF-36 tool. This meta-analysis shows that CPAP does not improve general QOL scores but does improve physical domains and vitality. Study design and QOL questionnaire tools are important to capture and evaluate information efficiently. However, generic QOL instruments may not be adequate in detecting important changes in quality of life in patients with OSAS.     

Nasal Breathing and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Although nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment is the most efficient therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), compliance with therapy is poor because of several side effects. Among these adverse effects some are related to the reactions of the nose to nCPAP which are briefly described. In a long-term survey of 109 OSA patients, 80.6% continued nCPAP for at least 3 years until the last follow-up. Follow-up ranged between 0.8 and 109 months with a mean time of 43 (SD ± 24.7) months. Among all patients treated with nCPAP, only 46.6% met our criteria for long-term compliance, defined as a mean use of the CPAP machine for at least 5 hours per night. Within the objective measures such as age, body mass index, neck circumference, nasal airflow, apnea-hypopnea index, minimal oxygen saturation, and level of nCPAP pressure, no predictive factor for daily use of nCPAP could be found. However, pretherapeutic daytime somnolence (measured by visual analogue scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and its improvement obtained from the therapy showed a significant effect on the daily use of the CPAP machine.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者自动正压通气治疗压力值的影响因素分析

目的:研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者自动正压通气(Auto-PAP)治疗压力值的相关影响因素,归纳压力预测值的回归函数.方法:选取于我院通过多导睡眠监测(PSG)符合OSAHS诊断并行自动压力滴定治疗的患者101例,回归性分析患者Auto-PAP滴定的90％治疗压力值(P90)与年龄、体重指数、颈...     

Lack of Benefit of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Lung Function in Patients with Overlap Syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown to be an inflammatory stimulus and may potentially result in a deterioration in the respiratory status of patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (overlap syndrome). We hypothesized that with treatment of OSA, there would be an improvement in coexistent COPD in overlap patients. We also sought to characterize overlap patients by comparing them with patients with either OSA or COPD alone. We performed a retrospective study of patients who attended a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs hospital. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical charts and pharmacy records for the preceding two years and for the two years following the initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Overlap patients had moderately severe sleep apnea (AHI 28.6 ± 4.2) and moderately severe COPD (FEV₁= 1.94 ± 0.10 L). The prevalence of overlap syndrome in COPD patients was 11.9%, and 41% in OSA patients. Overlap patients who were compliant with CPAP therapy experienced a greater decrease in FEV₁, percent predicted FEV₁, percent decrease in FEV₁, FVC, percent predicted FVC, and percent decrease in FVC when compared with noncompliant patients. A very strong correlation was found between the average hours of CPAP use per day and the percent decrease in FEV₁ (r = 0.69, p = 0.003). There was a similar strong correlation for the decrease in FEV₁ and percent predicted FEV₁. OSA is common in COPD patients; similarly, COPD is common in OSA patients. Treatment of OSA with CPAP therapy in patients with overlap syndrome may not lead to an improvement in the coexistent COPD.     

Effects of Nasal CPAP Treatment on Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile, and Plasma Leptin in Sleep Apnea

Background  Obstructive sleep apnea has been linked with metabolic syndrome characterized by dyslipidemia, dyscoagulation, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type 2 and their cardiovascular consequences. This study was designed to determine the effects of 8 weeks of therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on insulin resistance, glucose, and lipid profile, and the relationship between leptin and insulin-resistance parameters in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Methods  In 44 patients, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, leptin, and insulin parameters were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of CPAP. Insulin resistance index was based on the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) method. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and insulin secretion capacity (HOMA-β) also were calculated. Thirteen patients were excluded from statistical analyses due to noncompliant CPAP usage (<4 h night⁻¹). Results  In 31 patients who used CPAP for ≥4 h night⁻¹, CPAP therapy reduced total cholesterol (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), and leptin (P < 0.05). Circulating leptin levels showed significant correlation with both HOMA-S and HOMA-IR at baseline and follow-up (P = 0.03 for all). In addition, there was no correlation between HOMA-IR and the severity of sleep apnea, which was shown by apnea-hypopnea index. Conclusions  In patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, compliant CPAP usage may improve insulin secretion capacity, reduce leptin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. Leptin showed significant relationship with insulin resistance, and this relationship remained after 8 weeks of CPAP therapy.     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者短时血压变异性的影响因素研究

目的:探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAS)患者短时血压变异性(BPV)的影响因素。方法:选择2017年6月至2019年5月在宁波市第一医院心血管科诊治的153例高血压患者,给予多导睡眠呼吸监测及动态血压监测,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将患者分四组:单纯高血压作为对照组(41例)、高血压合并轻度OSAS组(36例)、高血压合并中度OSAS组(36例)、高血压合并重度OSAS组(40例)。采用因子分析方法提取影响高血压合并OSAS患者短时血压变异性的公因子,进行多元线性回归分析影响高血压合并OSAS患者短时血压变异性的因素。结果:因子分析纳入可能影响高血压合并OSAS患者短时血压变异性的因素,共提取4个公因子:体重指数、OSAS严重程度相关参数、生活行为习惯、年龄及高血压病程;多元线性回归分析显示OSAS严重程度与高血压合并OSAS患者夜间收缩压短时血压变异性(nSBPARV)及夜间舒张压短时血压变异性(nDBPARV)均存在相关性(β=0.277,P<0.05;β=0.360,P<0.05),对于高血压合并OSAS患者nSBPARV的影响因素依次为OSAS严重程度>年龄及高血压病程(分别为β=0.277,P<0.05;β=0.225,P<0.05),对于nDBPARV的影响因素依次为OSAS严重程度>体重指数(分别为β=0.360,P<0.05;β=0.187,P<0.05)。高血压合并轻度、中度、重度OSAS组的nSBPARV、nDBPARV均较对照组大;且高血压合并重度OSAS组的nSBPARV、nDBPARV、日间收缩压短时血压变异性均大于对照组、高血压合并轻度、中度OSAS组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高血压患者合并OSAS时容易出现夜间短时血压变异性增加,OSAS严重程度是高血压合并OSAS患者夜间血压短时变异性增加的主要因素,肥胖、年龄及高血压病程也是重要影响因素。