氟虫腈粉剂对栖北散白蚁的毒性传递性研究

目的系统研究氟虫腈粉剂对散白蚁的毒性传递性。方法采用NY/T 11532-2006测定强制接触条件下的毒性传递性,采用模拟现场试验测定选择接触条件下的毒性传递性。结果强制性接触时,0.02%、0.06%、0.10%、0.25%、0.50%氟虫腈粉剂的毒性传递级数分别为1、1、2、2、3;选择性接触时,喷粉处理白蚁的数量占群体的比例≥4%,且氟虫腈粉剂浓度为0.1%~0.5%时,毒性能有效传递到2 m外的个体。结论氟虫腈具有一定的毒性传递性,强制性接触时,浓度越高,毒性传递的级数越高;选择性接触时,氟虫腈粉剂的最佳浓度在0.1%~0.5%之间,且喷粉处理的白蚁数量不宜低于群体数量的4%。     

河虾体中氟虫腈残留量气相色谱法测定

氟虫腈(Fipronil)是法国罗纳普朗克公司开发的苯基吡唑类新型高效广谱性杀虫剂，对于稻田害虫防治效果较好。但对哺乳动物有神经毒性，在环境中难于分解，在土壤中半衰期达1～3个月，在水中为134d。由于对土壤和水体的污染，氟虫腈在河虾养殖过程中的残留量可能对人体产生危害。本文对河虾氟虫腈残留量的测定方法进行了改进。     

凝胶净化色谱-三重四级杆串联气相色谱质谱法检测植物源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留量

目的采用凝胶净化色谱-三重四级杆串联气相色谱质谱法(GPC-GC/MS/MS)对植物源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈亚砜、氟虫腈砜农药残留量进行分析。方法样品经乙腈超声提取后采用QuECHRS萃取包净化,用SH-Rxi-5il MS(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱分离,外标法定量分析。结果用本法测定,氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈亚砜、氟虫腈砜色谱峰得到很好的分离,在0.01μg/ml^0.5μg/ml浓度内呈现良好的线性关系。相关系数均达到0.9999,方法检出限均为0.003 mg/kg,氟虫腈及其代谢物在3个浓度添加水平下的加标回收率为89%~116%,相对标准偏差在1.10%~7.22%。结论该方法实现了氟虫腈及其代谢物检测的自动化、快速、高灵敏度和高稳定性分析,能够满足目前植物源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留检测限量的要求。     

鸡蛋和“小众”禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留状况调查

目的 了解鸡蛋和“小众”禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留状况。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法对近年于江西市场上采样的159批市售鲜禽蛋中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物进行了检测,分析了不同蛋种中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留状况。结果 159批样本中共检出35批仅含有4种化合物中的一种,且仅检出氟甲腈和氟虫腈砜两种代谢物,氟虫腈砜主要是鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋检出,检出率12.6%,氟甲腈主要是鸭蛋检出,检出率9.4%。结论 鲜禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留量远低于国内外限量,安全尚可,但整体检出的样本数依然提示出要密切关注家禽养殖圈杀虫剂的使用。     

白蚁防治后香榧中氟虫腈残留量的检测

目的使用白蚁诱杀盒(含氟虫腈)防治香榧树白蚁后,检测氟虫腈在香榧中的残留量。方法利用气相色谱法对香榧样品中的氟虫腈残留量进行检测。结果氟虫腈及其3种代谢物在香榧中的平均添加回收率在66.5%～115.8%之间,相对标准差介于2.2%～15.6%之间,符合农药残留分析要求。而香榧样品中氟虫腈残留量检出浓度低于0.001 mg/kg。结论使用诱杀盒防治白蚁后,香榧果实无毒、无氟虫腈残留,符合环保要求。     

几种药剂对家蝇和德国小蠊毒力研究

目的研究室内条件下，几种杀虫剂对家蝇及德国小蠊敏感品系的毒力。方法点滴法。结果阿维菌素对家蝇成虫的毒力最强，LD50为0．004μg／♀，阿维菌素对家蝇的毒力分别为氟虫腈、高效氯氰菊酯、多杀菌素、茚虫威与虫螨腈的3．0、3．5、13．8、30．0、40．0倍。药剂对德国小蠊毒力测定结果表明，氟虫腈对德国小蠊的毒力最强，LD50为0．004μg/♂，其次为阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯，LD50分别为0．005、0．009μg/♂，而多杀菌素、茚虫威与虫螨腈毒力相对较差。氟虫腈对家蝇的毒力分别为阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、多杀菌素、虫螨腈与茚虫威的1．3、2．3、30．0、102．5、692．5倍。结论这些杀虫剂对家蝇及德国小蠊具有较好的防治效果。     

9种灭蟑毒饵对美洲大蠊的诱杀效果研究

目的测定9种不同种类的灭蟑毒饵的不同浓度对美洲大蠊的实验室杀灭效果。方法采用GB/T13917.7-2009方法进行实验室试验,9种原药分别为茚虫威、氟蚁腙、氟虫腈、除虫脲、氟虫脲、乙酰甲胺磷、吡虫啉、硼酸、灭幼脲,每种毒饵原药含量设定为0.1%、0.5%、1%3个浓度梯度,测定结果统计标准按死亡为统计,针刺击倒虫体有反应不记在死亡率范围内。结果吡虫啉、硼酸、灭幼脲3种不同浓度的灭杀效果较差,0.1%、0.5%和1%氟虫腈对美洲大蠊成虫和若虫(IV~VI龄)灭杀效果最好,0.1%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊成虫的LT503 d,LT704 d,LT905 d,0.5%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊成虫的LT503 d,LT704 d,LT905d,1%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊成虫的LT502 d,LT703 d,LT904 d;0.1%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊若虫的LT503 d,LT704 d,LT905 d,0.5%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊若虫的LT502 d,LT703 d,LT905 d,1%氟虫腈毒饵对美洲大蠊若虫的LT502 d,LT703 d,LT904 d。结论通过筛选不同种原药及浓度梯度对比试验,得出氟虫腈对美洲大蠊灭杀效果最好。     

虫螨腈和氟虫胺及其混配对白蚁的毒力测定

目的为寻找更多的杀白蚁混配药剂,研究虫螨腈与氟虫胺不同比例混配对白蚁的毒力及联合作用效果。方法采用药膜法测定虫螨腈与氟虫胺及其不同比例混配剂对乳白蚁的毒力,用孙云沛法求混剂的共毒系数,确定混剂的联合作用。结果毒力测定结果表明,96 h后虫螨腈对乳白蚁的致死中浓度(LC50)值为1.211 mg/L,氟虫胺为16.143 mg/L。氟虫胺∶虫螨腈为5∶1、20∶1和40∶1时,共毒系数分别为175.059、154.158和155.829,有增效作用;氟虫胺∶虫螨腈为10∶1、30∶1、1∶1、1∶5和1∶20时,共毒系数分别为132.810、116.758、100.753、119.261和82.584,表现出相加作用。结论虫螨腈和氟虫胺的混配剂不同比例对乳白蚁的联合作用有增效和相加作用。     

复配剂对苏州乳白蚁的毒力传递作用研究

目的研究0.25%氟虫腈.氟铃脲的复配剂对苏州乳白蚁的毒力传递能力。方法在实验室内进行毒力传递试验。结果氟虫腈:氟铃脲=1∶50时,50和100 mg/L浓度下对苏州乳白蚁的胃毒毒力传递有效次数可达到3次;0.25%氟虫腈.氟铃脲粉剂对苏州乳白蚁的接触毒力传递有效次数可达到2次。结论 0.25%氟虫腈.氟铃脲的复配剂在室内试验中对苏州乳白蚁具有较强的毒力传递能力,能够有效的防治苏州乳白蚁。     

氟虫腈蟑螂饵剂浓度与灭效关系的研究

目的测定不同浓度的氟虫腈饵剂对德国小蠊的药效和连锁药效,确定氟虫腈在饵剂中的合理浓度。方法通过健康成虫与取食毒饵后的个体接触测定对成虫的毒性传递,通过健康若虫与取食毒饵后的个体的排泄物接触测定对若虫的毒性传递性。结果氟虫腈饵剂的浓度为0.04%、0.03%、0.02%、0.01%、0.005%、0.002 5%时,60 h内试虫平均死亡率均可达100%,LT50分别为6.74、6.99、7.25、7.84、13.48、16.61 h,饵剂浓度越低,杀灭速度越慢。氟虫腈饵剂浓度高于0.005%时,德国小蠊成虫二次中毒死亡率10 d内可达100%,氟虫腈饵剂浓度高于0.01%时,德国小蠊若虫二次中毒死亡率5 d内可达100%。结论对德国小蠊敏感品系,氟虫腈饵剂浓度高于0.01%时,即有理想的灭治效果和二次传毒效果。     

Distribution of fipronil in humans,and adverse health outcomes of in utero fipronil sulfone exposure in newborns

Fipronil is a highly effective insecticide with extensive usages; however, its distribution and toxic/health effects in the human population after chronic exposure have not yet been clearly identified. Our objectives were to determine the levels of serum fipronil and fipronil sulfone, a primary fipronil metabolite, in a general and sensitive human population using a birth cohort of parent-infant triads in Korea. We further investigated whether in utero exposure to fipronil and fipronil sulfone can affect health outcomes in newborn infants.Blood and umbilical cord blood from 169 participants, 59 mother-neonate pairs and 51 matching biological fathers, were collected; serum fipronil and fipronil sulfone (both blood and cord blood) and serum thyroid hormones (cord blood) were measured. Demographic, physiological, behavioral, clinical, and socioeconomic data for each participant were collected via a one-on-one interview and a questionnaire survey.Fipronil sulfone was detected in the serum of mothers, fathers, and infantile cord blood, while fipronil itself was not. Maternal fipronil sulfone levels were correlated to those of matched biological fathers and newborn infants. Adjusted analyses identified significant associations between parental fipronil sulfone levels and household income. Infantile fipronil sulfone levels were significantly associated with both maternal and paternal levels as well as maternal pre-pregnant BMI. Furthermore, infantile fipronil sulfone levels were inversely associated with cord blood T3 and free T3 levels as well as 5-min Apgar scores of newborn infants.Serum fipronil sulfone was detected in a specific population of mother-neonate pairs and their matched biological fathers in a manner suggestive of regular exposure to fipronil among urban residents. The findings also suggest that serum fipronil sulfone placentally transfers to the fetus and affects infantile adverse health outcomes. This is a first of its kind study; therefore, future studies are warranted.     

Diacetone alcohol, a dispersant solvent, contributes to acute toxicity of a fipronil-based insecticide in a passerine bird

Fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole pesticide, is aerially applied in eastern Australia to control locust outbreaks, usually as "Adonis 3UL Insecticide" (BASF), an ultra low (UL) volume formulation containing 0.3% active pesticide. We tested the toxicities of technical-grade fipronil, the Adonis 3UL formulation and its components in zebra finch, a native bird at risk of exposure in locust control regions. We estimated oral-dose LD50 by the Up-and-Down method. Under laboratory conditions, we identified unexpectedly high toxicities due exclusively to diacetone alcohol (DAA), a solvent making up 12.5% of the Adonis 3UL formulation. In contrast, finches were asymptomatic when exposed to 0.3% technical grade fipronil dissolved in a minimum amount of acetone. Depending upon the behaviour and persistence of DAA under field conditions, this formulation of Adonis 3UL may pose a far greater threat to the health of small birds and possibly other vertebrates than expected for fipronil alone.     

Photodegradation of Imidacloprid and Fipronil in Rice–Paddy Water

Photodegradation of insecticides, imidacloprid and fipronil, in rice–paddy water under the ambient temperature was investigated. The initial concentrations were set at 58.8 and 3.1 μg/L for imidacloprid and fipronil, respectively, according to their reported initial concentrations in the rice–paddy field. The half-lives (DT₅₀) of imidacloprid and fipronil were 24.2 and 36.7 h, respectively. Fipronil desulfinyl was detected as a major metabolite and fipronil sulfone was found to be a minor metabolite of fipronil in the photodegradation process. Detected mass of fipronil, fipronil desulfinyl, and fipronil sulfone at 79 h were 12.9%, 45.8%, and 5.2% of initial fipronil mass, respectively.     

Fate of Fipronil and its Metabolites in/on Grape Leaves, Berries and Soil Under Semi Arid Tropical Climatic Conditions

Fate of fipronil and its major metabolites fipronil sulfide (MB 45950), fipronil-desulfinyl (MB 46513) and fipronil sulfone (MB 46136) were studied in/on grape leaves, berries and soil. As initial residue deposits on the leaves the major component was that of fipronil, while all the 3 metabolites were also present. Among metabolites residues of MB 46513 was highest followed by MB 46136 and MB 45950. In leaves fipronil degraded faster than its metabolites. The residues of fipronil in leaves degraded at the half-life of 9.6 and 18.3 days and that of total fipronil (sum of fipronil and its metabolites) at 13.6 and 20 days, from treatment at recommended and double the recommended dose, respectively. At the time of harvest in leaves, grape berries and soil residues of fipronil and all its metabolites were below the quantifiable limit of 0.01 mg kg^?1.     

锐劲特在环境中的降解及其毒理学研究进展

该文综述了锐劲特在环境中的应用,并结合国内外在农药降解领域的研究,对锐劲特及其代谢产物在环境中的降解行为、锐劲特的作用机制及其毒理学研究进展进行论述.锐劲特在水体中以光解和水解为主,在土壤中除了光解和水解作用,还存在氧化作用.研究表明,锐劲特及其代谢产物对非标靶类动物(蜜蜂、淡水脊椎动物、鸟类等)具有毒性.但对人类的健康影响还有待进一步研究.

Abstract：

This article reviewed the application of Regent (fipronil),emphasizing its current research advance in the degradation in environment and toxicity of Regent(fipronil)and its metabolite,and its degradation action.The main degradation approach is photolysis and hydrolysis in water,and simultaneously occurring oxidation in the soil.Fipronil is toxic for bee.freshwater verebrate and birds,but the effect of fipronil on human being should be researched further.More atllention should be paid to the safety for human in application of fipronil.     

旅客列车德国小蠊对5种杀虫剂的抗药性监测

目的研究旅客列车德国小蠊对乙酰甲胺磷、残杀威、三氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈等杀虫剂的抗药性。方法采用WHO推荐的果酱瓶药膜法。结果 KT50最短为高效氯氰菊酯(19 m in),最长为氟虫腈(>120 m in)。从低到高按高效氯氰菊酯、残杀威、三氟氯氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷、氟虫腈顺序排列。氟虫腈抗性系数>30,属高抗;高效氯氰菊酯的抗性系数为6.30,三氟氯氰菊酯的抗性系数为3.69,已产生抗药性;残杀威抗性系数<2,但24 h致死效果下降率达46.67%,说明亦产生抗药性。乙酰甲胺磷的抗性系数为1,致死效果下降率较低。结论旅客列车德国小蠊对乙酰甲胺磷较敏感,提示在今后的防治工作中可考虑优先使用,同时应减少氟虫腈、高效氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯的使用量,慎用残杀威,有计划地交替、轮换用药。     

Persistence and Metabolism of Fipronil in Sugarcane Leaves and Juice

Fipronil gives effective control of early shoot borer and termites in sugarcane. The persistence and metabolism of fipronil in sugarcane leaves and juice were studied following application of fipronil (Regent 0.3 G) at 75 and 300 g a.i. ha^?1. Samples of sugarcane leaves were collected at various time intervals. Samples of sugarcane juice were collected at harvest. Residues of fipronil and its metabolites were quantified by gas liquid chromatograph. The limit of quantification of fipronil and its metabolites was 0.01 mg kg^?1 for sugarcane leaves and juice. Total residues of fipronil and its metabolites in sugarcane leaves after 7 days of its application at 75 and 300 g a.i. ha^?1 were 0.26 and 0.66 mg kg^?1, respectively. Residues could not be detected after 60 and 90 following fipronil application at either concentration. In sugarcane leaves, fipronil was found to be the main constituent, followed by its metabolites amide, desulfinyl, sulfone and sulfide. Samples of sugarcane juice did not reveal the presence of fipronil or its metabolites following its application at both the dosages at harvest.