不同血滤方法治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效比较及适应证探讨

目的　比较单次短时血滤 (SSVVH )、间断短时血滤 (ISVVH)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效并探讨其适应证。方法　将APACHEII评分≥ 14分和出现液体负平衡作为血滤(HF)重要的适应证和最终停滤指征之一。对符合指征的 5 6例SAP患者SSVVH (SS组 ,17例 )、ISVVH (IS组 ,19例 ) ,另 2 0例作对照 (N组 )。观察各时点的APACHEII评分、BalthazarCT积分及TNF α、IL 6、IL 8、IL 1ra、IL 2、IL 10的血浆水平。结果　入组 4d起 ,IS、SS组APACHEII评分显著低于N组 ,分别为 (6.1± 1.6)、(9.5± 2 .4)和 (12 .6± 3 .2 )分 ,组间P均 <0 .0 5。入组 2周 ,IS、SS和N组BalthazarCT积分分别为 (5 .1± 0 .8)、(5 .3± 1.1)和 (8.1± 1.3 )分。HF组TNF α、IL 6水平在第 4、10天较N组低 ,IS组最低 ,组间P均 <0 .0 5 ,第 10天的IL 2、IL 10较N组高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,促抗炎细胞因子比值明显高于N组。IS、SS、N组中转手术分别为 0、1、1例 ,死亡为 0、2、3例。结论　HF治疗SAP有较好疗效 ,且ISVVH优于SSVVH。     

间断短时血滤对重症急性胰腺炎的影响及适应证探讨

目的　探讨间断短时血滤 (ISVVH )对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的疗效及其适应证。方法　将APACHEII评分≥ 14分和出现液体负平衡分别作为血滤 (HF )的重要适应证和最终停滤指征之一 ,对符合指征的 3 9例患者 ,行ISVVH治疗 19例 (IS组 ) ,未行HF的 2 0例 (N组 )作对比。观察各时点的APACHEII评分 ,BalthazarCT积分及血浆降钙素原 (PCT ) ,TNF α ,IL 6,IL 8,IL 1ra ,IL 2 ,IL 10的水平。结果　APACHEII评分在入组后 1d和入组时 ,IS组为 (13 .8± 3 .1)分和 (17.8± 3 .2 )分 ,第 4和第 10天 ,IS组为 (6.1± 1.6)分和 (1.8± 0 .9)分 ,N组为 (12 .6± 3 .2 )分和 (7.4±2 .7)分 ;PCT半定量变化与APACHEII评分变化相似 ;CT积分在入组 2周 ,IS组和N组为 (5 .1± 0 .8)分和 (8.1± 1.3 )分 ;各数值组间均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。与N组比较 ,IS组TNF α ,IL 6水平在第 4,10天低于N组 ,IL 2 ,IL 10在第 10天高于N组 ,(均为P <0 .0 5 ) ,第 10天时IS组抗促炎细胞因子比值亦明显增高。N组中转手术 1例 ,死亡 3例 ,平均入组后 (5 .9± 1.8)d出现液体负平衡 ;IS组无中转手术和死亡病例发生 ,平均入组后 (2 .7± 1.4)d出现液体负平衡。结论　SAP早期ISVVH治疗有利于减轻和缩短SIRS反应 ,控制病情 ,提高疗效。     

血液滤过治疗对重症急性胰腺炎患者血浆炎性细胞因子水平的影响

目的比较单次短时血液滤过 (血滤 )与间断短时血滤对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)患者血浆细胞因子失衡的影响。方法对符合血滤指征的 5 8例SAP患者行单次短时血滤 (SS组 )治疗 17例、间断短时血滤 (IS组 )治疗 2 1例 ,2 0例未行血滤治疗者作为对照 (N组 )。观察各时点肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 (IL) 6、IL 8和IL 10的血浆水平 ,以APACHEⅡ评分、液体平衡状况衡量病情变化。结果两血滤组APACHEⅡ评分在入组第 1天即显著下降 ,第 4天起显著低于N组 ,且IS组较SS组更低 ,P值均 <0 0 5。N组、SS组和IS组分别有 1、1、0例中转手术和 3、2、0例死亡 ,液体负平衡出现时间分别为入组 (5 9± 1 8)d、(3 5± 2 1)d和 (2 7± 1 4 )d。入组第 4天和第 10天 ,血滤组与N组比较促炎症因子水平显著下降 ,IL 10与促炎症因子的比值显著增高 ,IS组的TNF α和IL 6水平更低 ,P值均 <0 0 5。结论　血滤尤其是间断短时血滤可以有效纠正SAP患者血浆炎症细胞因子失衡 ,改善患者预后。     

早期血滤对重症急性胰腺炎家猪血浆细胞因子水平的影响

目的　探讨早期血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)家猪促抗炎细胞因子血浆水平的影响。方法　采用胰管逆行灌注人工胆汁的方法复制家猪SAP模型 ,随机分为胰腺炎血滤治疗组(HF组 ,n =8)和胰腺炎非血滤治疗组 (NHF组 ,n =8)。HF组使用高容量、零平衡血滤。用酶联免疫吸附试验检测两组动物建模前后血浆肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) α、白细胞介素 (IL) 1β、IL 10的水平。结果　与NHF组相比 ,血滤治疗后HF组家猪TNF α、IL 1β的血浆水平较低 [血滤停止前( 618± 2 76)ng/L较 ( 13 75± 3 3 4)ng/L ;( 4 45± 14 1)ng/L较 ( 965± 2 65 )ng/L ,P <0 .0 1] ,IL 10与TNF α的比值较高 [血滤停止前 ( 0 .3 5 4± 0 .114 )较 ( 0 .12 5± 0 .0 3 2 ) ,P <0 .0 1]。结论　早期血滤能降低SAP家猪促炎细胞因子TNF α,IL 1β的血浆水平 ,升高IL 10 /TNF α的比值 ,使促抗炎细胞因子失衡得到部分纠正。     

间断短时血滤对重症急性胰腺炎患者免疫功能的影响及意义

目的　探讨间断短时血滤 (ISVVH )对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)患者免疫功能的影响及意义。方法　将APACHEII评分≥ 14分和出现液体负平衡分别作为血滤 (HF)重要的适应证和最终停滤指征之一 ,对符合指征的 61例患者 ,行ISVVH治疗 3 1例 (IS组 ) ,未行HF的 3 0例作对比(N组 )。观察APACHEII评分 ,血浆降钙素原 (PCT)水平 ,外周血CD3 、CD3 CD4 、CD3 CD8 淋巴细胞计数、CD4 /CD8 比值 ,HLA -DR CD14 细胞占CD14 细胞的比例和相关预后指标。结果　入组后第 4和第 10天 ,IS组APACHEⅡ评分明显低于N组 ,P <0 .0 5。入组后第 7和第 14天 ,反映免疫功能的指标外周血CD3 淋巴细胞计数、CD4 /CD8 比值 ,HLA -DR CD14 /CD14 比例均高于N组 ,P <0 .0 5。同时 ,细菌感染标志物PCT半定量低于N组 ,P <0 .0 5 ;感染所致严重并发症率亦有下降趋势。结论　SAP早期ISVVH治疗有利于改善机体免疫功能 ,控制病情 ,提高疗效     

早期血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎家猪TNF-α及IL-1β水平的影响

目的　探讨早期血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)家猪血浆促炎细胞因子TNF α和IL 1β水平和组织转录水平的影响。方法　采用胰管逆行灌注人工胆汁的方法复制家猪SAP模型 ,按拆信封法分为胰腺炎血滤治疗组 (HF组 )和胰腺炎非血滤治疗组 (NHF组 )。采用ELISA法检测两组动物建模前、后TNF α和IL 1β的血浆水平。用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测这两种细胞因子在胰、肝、肺组织中的转录水平。结果　建模后 1h、2h及 4h ,NHF组血浆TNF α及IL 1β水平逐渐升高 ,至 6h分别为 ( 1375± 334)pg/ml及 ( 96 5± 2 6 5 )pg/ml,明显高于同期HF组的 ( 6 18± 2 76 )pg/ml及 ( 4 45± 14 1)pg/ml(P<0 .0 1)。建模后 6h ,NHF组胰、肝、肺组织中TNF αmRNA的转录水平分别为 85 .7± 17.4、78.1± 10 .2和 82 .4± 10 .5 ,均高于HF组的 5 7.8± 8.9、4 8.0± 8.1和 4 6 .2± 9.6 ,P<0 .0 1;而IL 1βmRNA的转录水平NHF组为 82 .2± 15 .7、6 0 .0± 10 .6和 5 8.1±9.3,均高于HF组的 5 5 .9± 9.0、4 0 .6± 9.2和35 .7± 9.8,P<0 .0 1。结论　早期血滤能降低SAP家猪血浆TNF α和IL 1β的水平和转录水平     

早期血滤对家猪重症急性胰腺炎血浆细胞因子和脏器功能的影响

目的:观察早期血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)家猪血浆细胞因子水平和脏器功能的影响。方法:采用胰管逆行灌注人工胆汁法复制家猪SAP模型;随机分为胰腺炎血滤治疗组(HF组,n=8)和胰腺炎非血滤治疗组(NHF组,n=8)。HF组在建模成功后行高容量、零平衡血滤治疗。结果:与NHF组相比,HF组的MAP、CVP及PaO2/FiO2值均较高(P<0.01);心率、尿蛋白含量、血清ALT水平、肺系数与肺湿/干比均较低(P<0.05)。光镜下,HF组肺组织学评分较低(P<0.01);肾、肝组织损伤亦较轻。但胰腺组织学评分在两组间无差异。建模后6h,HF组血浆TNF鄄α、IL鄄1β水平较低(P<0.05);IL鄄10/TNF鄄α比值较高(P<0.05)。结论:早期血滤能有效地廓清SAP猪血浆中的细胞因子TNF鄄α和IL鄄1β,升高IL鄄10/TNF鄄α比值,改善血流动力学,并减轻肺、肾、肝组织损伤。     

应用乌司他丁治疗多发伤的临床观察

目的　观察乌司他丁对多发伤患者的治疗作用和对肝、肾功能的保护作用。方法　 46例多发伤患者随机分为治疗组 (2 3例 )和对照组 (2 3例 )。治疗组从入院第 1天开始 ,每天静脉点滴乌司他丁 10万单位 +生理盐水 10 0ml,每 8h 1次 ,连续用药 6d ,观察患者的临床指标判断疗效 ,并在入院时以及术后第 1、3、5、7天检测谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)、血尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (Scr)、血浆肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、白细胞介素 6(IL 6)以及白细胞介素 8(IL 8)含量的变化。结果　多发伤患者治疗组平均住院时间及平均住ICU时间均低于对照组 ,差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;治疗组术后血浆ALT、AST、BUN及Scr浓度均明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;治疗组术后血浆TNF α水平逐渐降低 ,对照组维持在较高水平 ;IL 2、IL 6及IL 8水平低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　乌司他丁对多发伤有治疗作用 ,并能减轻机体的全身炎症反应程度 ,有保护和改善肝、肾功能的作用。     

断流分流联合手术前后血浆IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α水平的变化及其意义

目的　探讨门静脉高压症行贲门周围血管离断并脾 -肾静脉分流联合手术前后血浆白细胞介素 -6(IL 6) ,白细胞介素 -8(IL 8)和肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF α)水平变化的意义。方法　检测联合手术组患者术前 1d和术后 7d血浆IL 6,IL 8和TNF α含量 ,并与对照组比较。结果　联合手术组术前IL 6,IL 8和TNF α水平分别为 ( 2 3 0 .4± 10 .3 )ng/L ,( 2 0 1.5± 7.8)ng/L及 ( 2 61.5± 2 8.3 )ng/L ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;联合手术后 7d ,IL 6,IL 8和TNF α水平分别为 ( 13 5 .8± 11.4)ng/L ,( 10 8.2± 8.7)ng/L及 ( 2 11.8± 3 6.5 )ng/L ,与术前比均有明显降低 ,但仍高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 1)。结论　IL 6,IL 8和TNF α的活性在肝硬化门静脉高压症的形成过程中起着重要作用 ;联合手术降低门静脉压力 ,血浆IL 6,IL 8和TNF α水平显著下降 ,表明有利于肝功能的恢复     

大剂量芬太尼对心肺转流心脏手术血浆C反应蛋白及细胞因子的影响

目的　比较心肺转流 (CPB)下大剂量芬太尼 0 0 2 5mg/kg麻醉对成人和小儿血浆中C反应蛋白 (CRP)及促炎性反应因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumornecrosisfactor α ,TNF α)、白细胞介数 8(IL 8)、白细胞介数 10 (IL 10 )水平的影响。方法　择期心内直视手术患者 12例分为两组 ,每组 6例。一组为小儿组 (A组 ) ,另一组为成人组 (B组 )。分别于全麻诱导前 (基础 ,T0 )、主动脉开放后(T1)、CPB停机后 (T2 )、术毕 (T3 )、术后 2 4h(T4)、术后 4 8h(T5)抽取患者中心静脉血 ,采用放射免疫方法定量测定CRP、TNF α、IL 8、IL 10血浆水平。结果　A组TNF α在T4血浆浓度高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。CRP在T4、T5时 ,A组高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 8血浆浓度在T3 、T4时值A组高于B组 (P<0 0 5 )。IL 10在T3 时A组高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。A组内TNF α在T1、T2 所测血浆浓度值和T0相比 ,有所降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,余TNF α值变化不大 (P >0 0 5 )。CRP在A组和B组中T4、T5较T0 有明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 8在A组中T1、T3 和在B组中T3 、T4较T0 有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 10在A组中 ,T3 、T4、T5和在B组中T4、T5血浆浓度值和T0 相比增高明显 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　CPB下行心脏手术时使用芬太尼 0 0 2 5mg/kg静脉麻醉 ,其调节     

大黄甘草汤联合间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎患者细胞因子的影响

Objective To approach the treatment effect and mechanism of action of intermittent short time veno-venuous hemofiltration(ISVVH)and Rheum Glycyrrhiza Decoction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods One hundred and three SAP patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Rheum Glyeyrrhiza uraleusis fisch Decoction group(A,n=25),ISVVH group(B,n=35)and ISVVH CO-Rheum Glyeyrrhiza uralensis fisch decoction group(C,n=43).A,B and C groups were all treated with conventional therapy.However.the patients in group A were added Rheum Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch Decoction,the patients in group B added ISVVH while group C were raised ISVVH co-Rheum Glycyrrhiza uralensis fiach Decoction.Finally,we observed three groups of patients with heart rate(HR),respiration(R),blood pressure(BP),liver and kidney function;oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),oxygen saturation(SaO2);blood routine,plasma electrolytes,glucose and C-reactive protein;parallel APACHE Ⅱ score;measure level of TNF-α,IL-10 in patients blood serum when they were admitted to hospital,24,48,96 h after treatment respectively.Results After treated 24,48,96 h,C group compared to B group,B group compared to A group,there were significantly improvements in APACHE Ⅱ score(P < 0.05);TNF-alevel decreased(P < 0.05);IL-10 level increased(P < 0.05);three groups after treatment of acute lung injury, thoracic/abdominal effusion,intestinal paralysis/obstruction,sepsis and other complications improved significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusions ISVVH and glycyrrhiza decoction can regulate the liver and renal dysfunctions that followed SAP,raise physical conditions,improve the complications of patients with SAP.     

大黄甘草汤联合间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎患者细胞因子的影响

Objective To approach the treatment effect and mechanism of action of intermittent short time veno-venuous hemofiltration(ISVVH)and Rheum Glycyrrhiza Decoction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods One hundred and three SAP patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Rheum Glyeyrrhiza uraleusis fisch Decoction group(A,n=25),ISVVH group(B,n=35)and ISVVH CO-Rheum Glyeyrrhiza uralensis fisch decoction group(C,n=43).A,B and C groups were all treated with conventional therapy.However.the patients in group A were added Rheum Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch Decoction,the patients in group B added ISVVH while group C were raised ISVVH co-Rheum Glycyrrhiza uralensis fiach Decoction.Finally,we observed three groups of patients with heart rate(HR),respiration(R),blood pressure(BP),liver and kidney function;oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),oxygen saturation(SaO2);blood routine,plasma electrolytes,glucose and C-reactive protein;parallel APACHE Ⅱ score;measure level of TNF-α,IL-10 in patients blood serum when they were admitted to hospital,24,48,96 h after treatment respectively.Results After treated 24,48,96 h,C group compared to B group,B group compared to A group,there were significantly improvements in APACHE Ⅱ score(P < 0.05);TNF-alevel decreased(P < 0.05);IL-10 level increased(P < 0.05);three groups after treatment of acute lung injury, thoracic/abdominal effusion,intestinal paralysis/obstruction,sepsis and other complications improved significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusions ISVVH and glycyrrhiza decoction can regulate the liver and renal dysfunctions that followed SAP,raise physical conditions,improve the complications of patients with SAP.     

大黄甘草汤联合间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎患者细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨大黄甘草汤联合间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎治疗作用及机制.方法 103例患者按随机数字表法分为3组.大黄甘草汤灌胃组(A组,25例),间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过组(B组,35例)和间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过联合大黄甘草汤组(C组,43例).在常规治疗的基础上,A组加用大黄甘草汤灌胃;B组加用间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过;C组加用间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过联合大黄甘草汤灌胃.观察3组患者的心率、呼吸、血压、肝、肾功能,氧合指数,血氧饱和度,血常规,血浆电解质,葡萄糖及C反应蛋白并行A-PACHE Ⅱ评分;所有患者入院时分别于治疗后24、48、96 h取血测苗肿瘤坏死因子α,白细胞介素10水平.结果 治疗后24、48、96 h时,3组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10水平比较筹异均有统计学意义(P均 < 0.05);C组患者经治疗后急性肺损伤、胸/腹腔积液、肠麻痹/梗阻、败血症等并发症与A、B组患者比较差异也有统计学意义(P < 0.05).结论 间断短时静脉-静脉血液滤过能大量清除血浆炎症介质,大黄甘草汤能较好地改善胃肠功能,减少并发症,两者早期联合应用能提高其临床疗效.     

Rationale and experience with short daily hemofiltration

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have morbidity and mortality rates that are much higher than those found in the general population. The nonphysiologic nature of thrice-weekly hemodialysis may be partially responsible for the poor outcomes in this patient population. In response to the problems encountered with conventional hemodialysis schedules, a number of investigators have explored potential solutions to the problem. One such solution is to increase the time and/or frequency of hemodialysis. With this approach, ESRD patients have been observed to have better anemia management and blood pressure control, as well as improvements in quality of life. Hemodialysis is based on diffusion of solutes across a semipermeable membrane such that only small molecules are readily removed. Therefore a second solution has been to utilize hemofiltration instead of hemodialysis. Hemofiltration utilizes convective clearance of molecules, resulting in an improvement in the removal of larger solutes, much like the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney. Despite the accumulated evidence that thrice-weekly hemofiltration adds to the benefits seen with increasing hemodialysis time and/or frequency, the use of hemofiltration has been limited by the available technology, cost, and low access blood flows. However, current technological advances in equipment and access creation are addressing these problems. With these advances, a number of investigators have also explored the potential benefits of daily hemofiltration as a treatment option for ESRD. The preliminary results suggest that improvements in blood pressure, beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) levels, and quality of life are possible.     

短时血滤对重症急性胰腺炎治疗的影响

探讨短时血滤对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及机理。方法２０例患者随机分为血滤组和非血滤组,每组１０例。比较两组局部和全身表现,观察各时相点血液促炎细胞因子ＴＮＦα、ＩＬ－β、ＩＬ－６、ＩＬ－８和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和抗炎细胞因子ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－１０含量。     

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is a technique characterized by a venovenous circuit and a pump to perfuse the hemofilter. CVVH is suited to individualization of ultrafiltration and solute clearance in patients with acute renal failure and volume overload, specifically when there is impaired cardiovascular function or where arterial access is problematic. Examples, indications and relative advantages of this and other dialytic modalities are discussed.     

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration and hemofiltration using dialysis. Presentation of clinical cases

The authors describe case reports in which the CAVH and the CAVDH was of paramount importance in improving hemodynamic parameters in ARDS and MOF and various cardiac failure. The technique was very simple and results good in intensive care.