心房颤动患者血小板膜糖蛋白水平及内皮功能改变

目的：研究心房颤动（房颤）患血小板活化和内皮损伤,探讨其临床意义。方法：采用全血法流式细胞术分别测定慢性房颤患（35例）、无房颤组（19例）和正常对照组（17例）血小板膜上活化糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa复合物（glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa complex,GPⅡb/Ⅲa)和糖蛋白Ib（glycoproteinIb,GPIb)水平。房颤患又根据是否服阿司匹林分为二组：房颤1组（17例）为未服阿司匹林,房颤2组（18例）为服阿司匹林。此外,用全自动血细胞分析仪测定平均血小板体积（mean platelet volume,MPV),用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆血管血友病因子（von Willebrand factor,vWF)。结果：慢性房颤患血小板表面活化GPⅡb/Ⅲa水平显升高（P＜0．05）,GP Ib的水平显降低（P＜0．05）。此外房颤患MPV及vWF水平也显高于心脏病无房颤组及正常对照组（P＜0．05）。以上指标在房颤1组和房颤2组之间的差异无显性（P＞0．05）。vWF水平高于正常的房颤患活化GPⅡb/Ⅲa水平更高（P＜0．05）。结论：房颤患存在血小板活性增加和内皮细胞受损,这些异常可能与记颤患心房内血栓形成相关。阿司匹林对房颤患血小板膜糖蛋白以及vWF水平无影响。     

肺血栓栓塞症患者一氧化氮和血小板功能的变化

目的研究肺血栓栓塞症患者溶栓抗凝治疗前后一氧化氮(NO)和血小板功能的变化。方法流式细胞仪检测肺血栓栓塞患者和健康者血小板P-选择素(Ps)的表达,同时测定血浆中NO、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和6酮--前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α),比较治疗前后一周各项指标的变化。应用NO的前体L精-氨酸(L-Arg)处理后,检测其血小板上Ps表达及N-硝基-L精氨甲基酯(L-NANE)预处理后L-Arg对血小板上Ps的表达的影响。结果PTE组Ps、vWF、TXB2的水平显著高于对照组,而治疗后明显下降(P均<0.01);NO和6-keto-PGF1α显著低于对照组,治疗后明显升高(P均<0.01)。应用L-Arg后,血小板Ps表达减少,L-NAME预处理可明显阻断这一效应。结论PTE患者存在明显的血管内皮损伤,NO的水平降低,这可能是PTE患者血小板Ps表达增加,促进血小板活化,导致PTE进一步发展的原因之一。     

糖耐量减低患者血小板活化和血管内皮功能的变化

为观察糖耐量减低对血小板活化和血管内皮功能的影响,选择40例糖耐量减低患者,测定血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白浓度,并应用高分辨超声测量右肱动脉在静息时（基础内径）,反应性充血（流量介导血管舒张）,舌下含服硝酸甘油（硝酸甘油介导血管舒张）时的舒张期内径。取30例查体健康者作对照组,结果发现,糖耐量减低组空腹血糖与对照组无显著差异（P＞0．05）,而空腹时血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白较对照组显著升高（P＜0．01）,流量介导血管舒张时内径较对照组显著降低（P＜0．01）,而两组间硝酸甘油介导血管舒张内径和基础内径无显著差异（P＞0．05）。口服75g葡萄糖负荷后2h,糖耐量减低组血糖浓度显著高于对照组,血小板α－糖粒膜蛋白较空腹状态时显著升高（P＜0．01）,同时2h流量介导血管舒张时内径较空腹时进一步降低,差异显著IP＜0．01）,相关分析表明,糖耐量减低组空腹血糖与血小板α－糖粒膜蛋白和流量介导血管舒张时内径无显著相关,而糖负荷后,血糖变化程度与血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白变化程度显著正相关（P＜0．01）,与流量介导血管舒张时内径的变化程度显著负相关（P＜0．01）,血小板活化增强和血管内皮功能受损,并且在糖负荷后病程程度进一步加重。     

抗血小板抗体在系统性红斑狼疮血小板减少患者中临床意义的研究

目的 明确抗血小板抗体在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)血小板减少患者中的临床意义.方法 采用改良抗原捕获酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测抗血小板抗体(抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb/Ⅸ、GPⅠa/Ⅱa、GPⅣ抗体),分别比较治疗前SLE血小板减少与SLE非血小板减少患者抗血小板抗体的阳性率、SLE血小板减少患者治疗前后抗血小板抗体的阳性率、SLE血小板减少治疗前患者病情与抗血小板抗体的关联性.统计方法采用秩和检验和x2检验.结果 治疗前SLE血小板减少组抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GP Ⅰb,Ⅸ抗体阳性率分别为50%、67%.非血小板减少组阳性率分别为11%、28%,2组间阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后SLE血小板减少组抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ抗体阳性率分别为6%、28%,较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05);SLE血小板减少组治疗前抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ抗体之间显著关联,该2种抗体均与SLEDAI评分有显著关联性,与抗核抗体、抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体、抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)则无显著关联;各组间未检测出抗GPⅣ和GPⅠa/Ⅱa抗体.结论 抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb/Ⅸ抗体在病情活动SLE血小板减少患者中表达显著升高,与SLE血小板减少病情发生发展和转归相关.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of antiplatelet antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia.Methods Antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody, anti-GP Ⅰa/Ⅱ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅳ antibody) were detected by modified antigen capture ELISA. The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody between SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group and without thrombocytopenia group before therapy were compared,and the positive rate of antiplatelet antibody before therapy and after therapy in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were compared,and the relevance between antiplatelet antibody and conditions in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were analyzed. Rank test and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 50% and 67% respectively, however,the positive rate in SLE without thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 11% and 28% respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05) and the positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group after therapy was 6% and 28% respectively, which was significantly lower than those before therapy (P＜0.05). In SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy, there was significant relevance between anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody and anti-GP[b/Ⅸ antibody, and there was significant relevance between these two antibodies and SLEDAI score,but no significant relevance between these two antibodies and ANA,dsDNA, ANCA. Neither anti-GPⅣ antibody nor anti-GP Ⅰ a/Ⅱ a antibody was detected in patients of this study. Conclusion The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody) is significantly higher in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia,and these two antibodies are significantly associated with clinical outcomes.     

抗血小板抗体在系统性红斑狼疮血小板减少患者中临床意义的研究

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of antiplatelet antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia.Methods Antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody, anti-GP Ⅰa/Ⅱ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅳ antibody) were detected by modified antigen capture ELISA. The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody between SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group and without thrombocytopenia group before therapy were compared,and the positive rate of antiplatelet antibody before therapy and after therapy in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were compared,and the relevance between antiplatelet antibody and conditions in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia were analyzed. Rank test and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 50% and 67% respectively, however,the positive rate in SLE without thrombocytopenia group before therapy was 11% and 28% respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05) and the positive rate of anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa antibody and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group after therapy was 6% and 28% respectively, which was significantly lower than those before therapy (P＜0.05). In SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia group before therapy, there was significant relevance between anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody and anti-GP[b/Ⅸ antibody, and there was significant relevance between these two antibodies and SLEDAI score,but no significant relevance between these two antibodies and ANA,dsDNA, ANCA. Neither anti-GPⅣ antibody nor anti-GP Ⅰ a/Ⅱ a antibody was detected in patients of this study. Conclusion The positive rate of antiplatelet antibody (anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲ a antibody, anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ antibody) is significantly higher in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia,and these two antibodies are significantly associated with clinical outcomes.     

缺血性脑血管疾病患者血小板膜糖蛋白变化及临床意义

目的探讨血小板活化与缺血性脑血管疾病的关系及血小板活化因子在脑梗死中的重要意义。方法对2003年9月至2004年11月石家庄市第二医院神经内科收治的71例缺血性脑血管病患者和20名健康体检者,采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定循环中血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白-140(GMP-140)、血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb的表达水平。结果GMP-140、GPⅡb/Ⅲa在脑供血不足、轻度脑梗死、中重度脑梗死各组间依次递增,中重度脑梗死组GPⅠb低于正常对照组(P<0.05),脑供血不足组GPⅠb高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论在缺血性脑血管疾病的不同阶段均存在血小板活化,GMP-140、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb均可作为血小板活化的分子标志物,为预防、诊断脑梗死及监测脑梗死的严重程度提供重要参考指标。     

负荷剂量双重抗血小板药物对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa及P选择素表达的影响

目的探讨负荷剂量氯吡格雷与阿司匹林联合应用对老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血小板膜表面糖蛋白表达率的影响。方法 2周内未曾服用抗血小板药物的32例老年ACS患者给予负荷量双重抗血小板药物氯吡格雷与阿司匹林,在入院时、服药2h及4d后运用流式细胞仪测定体外经二磷酸腺苷(ADP)及花生四烯酸共同活化的血小板膜表面糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)及P选择素的阳性表达率,并观察其变化。结果入院时GPⅡb/Ⅲa及P选择素的阳性表达率为57%±16%与60%±9%,服药后2h时为44%±14%与56%±16%,4d时为43%±14%与40%±17%。服药2h及4d后血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa下降明显,与入院时相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);P选择素服药2h时与入院时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但服药4d后与2h及入院时比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论负荷量氯吡格雷与阿司匹林联合应用可以快速降低老年ACS患者血小板膜GPⅡb/Ⅲa表达率;GPⅡb/Ⅲa可以较好地直接反映负荷量氯吡格雷与阿司匹林联合应用对血小板活化功能的影响。P选择素在血小板膜表面的表达率与GPⅡb/Ⅲa不同步,可能不是理想的血小板活化的早期标记物。     

联合应用抗血小板药物对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者血小板活化功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿司匹林与氯吡格雷联合应用对老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血小板活化功能的影响。方法将89例老年ACS患者分为阿司匹林100 mg/d单独应用组(A100组)、氯吡格雷75 mg/d与阿司匹林300 mg/d联合应用组(AC300组)及氯吡格雷75 mg/d与阿司匹林100 mg/d联合应用组(AC100组),运用流式细胞仪测定各组血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a及P选择素的阳性表达率变化。结果用药2周后,AC100组、AC300组与A100组P选择素的阳性表达率分别为(35.65±18.32)%、(25.69±14.78)%与(60.44±9.30)%,与A100组比较明显降低(P0.01);GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a的阳性表达率分别为(34.49±13.33)%、(24.86±14.62)%与(57.22±15.82)%,与A100组比较显著降低(P0.01)。AC300组较AC100组血小板GPⅡ b/Ⅲ a和P选择素的阳性表达率也明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷和阿司匹林联合应用抗血小板活化疗效在老年ACS患者中好于阿司匹林单独应用,AC300组抗血小板活化疗效呈剂量依赖性;检测血小板活化率可以反映抗血小板药物联合应用对老年ACS患者血小板活化功能的影响。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成患者血小板活化状态的变化及意义

为探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)思考血小板活化状态的变化及其临床意义，用流式细跑术(PCM)，以单克隆抗体为探针，对35例下肢DVT患者(DVT组)及3l例健康人(对照组)血小板活化标记物溶酶体颗粒糖蛋白(CD63)、血小板表面选择素(CD62p)及凝血酶敏感蛋白(TSD)进行了检测。结果显示，DVT组3种血小板活化标志物阳性表达率均高于对照组(P均＜0．001)，溶栓治疗后3种血小板活化标志物的阳性表达率均呈降低趋势。提示DVT患者体内血小板活化亢进；FCM可作为活化血小板的良好检测手段。     

肺血栓栓塞症患者凝血纤溶系统及肺血管内皮功能的变化

目的探讨肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者体内凝血纤溶系统及肺血管内皮功能的变化及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测80例PTE患者(急性大面积PTE组20例、非大面积PTE组60例)、40名正常人(对照组)的血D-二聚体(D-D)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物1(PAI-1)、血浆蛋白S(Ps)、血浆蛋白C(Pc)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)含量;采用发色底物法检测抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性(AT-Ⅲ)。结果急性大面积PTE组患者血D-D、t-PA、PAI-1、Ps、TM、含量分别为(1.46±0.62)mg/L、(11.4±6.9)μg/L、(88.2±27.5)μg/L、(22.40±9.40)mg/L、(6.8±1.1)μg/L,非大面积PTE组分别是(0.92±0.27)mg/L、(6.6±1.5)μg/L、(60.1±26.1)μg/L、(23.90±10.70)mg/L、(6.3±1.5)μg/L,均显著高于正常对照组的(0.38±0.10)mg/L、(4.7±1.4)μg/L、(35.7±9.2)μg/L、(16.10±6.20)mg/L、(3.0±0.5)μg/L(分别P<0.01、<0.05)。急性大面积PTE组患者血AT-Ⅲ含量为(86.0±11.8)%,非大面积PTE组为(90.1±9.0)%,显著低于正常对照组的(102.6±9.20)%(P分别<0.01、0.05)。两PET组患者ACA-IgG、IgM、IgA显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PTE患者存在凝血纤溶系统功能失衡和肺血管内皮损伤。     

溶栓和抗凝治疗对肺血栓栓塞患者血管内皮细胞及凝血纤溶功能的影响

目的探讨肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者溶栓、抗凝治疗前后不同时相血管内皮细胞和凝血纤溶功能的变化及其临床意义。方法用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗PTE患者7例(溶栓组),用低分子肝素(LMWH)为主的抗凝药物治疗PTE患者17例(抗凝组),动态观察两组患者溶栓、抗凝前后不同时相(溶栓组于溶栓治疗前及治疗结束后4、24h,4、7d5个时相;抗凝组于抗凝治疗前及治疗开始后24h,7、14d4个时相)内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)等指标的变化,并将两组患者治疗前上述指标的检测结果与20名正常人(对照组)的结果进行比较。结果溶栓组溶栓后4h ET-1、D-dimer均有一明显的高峰出现,分别为(103.7±26.6)ng/L、(5.0±1.7)mg/L,与其他时相比差异均有统计学意义(前者P<0.05、后者P<0.01)。抗凝组抗凝后14d与抗凝前比较,ET-1由(72.0±18.3)ng/L降至(52.8±13.9)ng/L,NO由(48±14)μmol/L升至(66±24)μmol/L,AT-Ⅲ由(90±7)%升至(99±4)%(P均<0.05)。溶栓后4h ET-1的升高与PaO2、D-dimer的升高程度正相关(r值分别为0.751、0.782,P均<0.05)。结论ET-1、D-dimer的水平在溶栓前后,ET-1、NO、AT-Ⅲ的水平在抗凝前后均发生了变化,溶栓后早期ET-1、D-dimer的变化可反映溶栓效果。溶栓和抗凝治疗有助于调节凝血纤溶平衡和保护血管内皮细胞功能。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血小板膜糖蛋白的表达

目的　探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血小板膜糖蛋白（ＧＰ）的表达与临床伤残严重程度的关系。　方法　用流式细胞术测定５７ 例急性缺血性脑卒中患者血小板膜ＧＰⅡｂ－Ⅲａ复合物的α亚单位（ＣＤ４１）、Ｐ－选择素（ＣＤ６２ｐ）和ＧＰ５３（ＣＤ６３）的表达。　结果　中型卒中患者ＣＤ４１、ＣＤ６２ｐ、ＣＤ６３的表达分别为（６３．０８±１５．０１）％ 、（３．９３±２．７５）％ 、（２．９１±１．４９）％ ,重型患者为（６９．９２±１８．４６）％ 、（４．３２±１．８０）％ 、（３．６１±１．８１）％ ,均明显高于轻型的（４７．５２±１７．０２）％ 、（１．８８±０．７４）％ 、（１．７９±１．４１）％ （均为Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;ＣＤ４１、ＣＤ６２ｐ、ＣＤ６３的表达相互间均呈正相关。　结论　缺血性脑卒中患者急性期血小板膜ＧＰ升高,且与病情的严重程度有关     

早期联合检测血小板膜糖蛋白及血小板参数对脓毒症患者的临床意义

目的:探讨早期联合检测血小板膜糖蛋白表达水平及血小板参数对脓毒血症患者的临床意义。方法:选取40例脓毒症患者,根据急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分分为1组(10分)、2组(10~19分)和3组(20分),所有患者均在确诊24 h内采用全自动血细胞仪检测血小板计数(PLT)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW);采用流式细胞仪检测血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63的表达水平。结果:1随着APACHEⅡ评分升高,患者PLT显著下降,P-LCR、MPV、PDW均显著上升(P0.05);2随着APACHEⅡ评分升高,CD62P、CD63表达均上调(P0.05);3Pearson相关性分析显示:随着PLT的下降,血小板MPV、PDW、P-LCR均逐渐上升,血小板MPV、PDW、P-LCR与PLT呈高度负相关性(r=-0.442、-0.395、-0.472,P0.01),PLT与APACHEⅡ评分呈高度负相关(r=-0.602,P0.01);血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈高度正相关(r=0.603、0.619,P0.01);血小板MPV与CD62P、CD63表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.382、0.310,P0.05),血小板P-LCR、PLT、PDW与CD62P、CD63表达水平之间无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者早期体内存在血小板高激活状态,根据血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63及血小板参数可初步判定脓毒症患者病情的变化。     

慢性肺心病患者血小板功能的研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）所致肺心病患者血小板功能的变化。方法将研究对象分为肺心病急性发作期组（７６例）、肺心病缓解期组（５４例）和正常对照组（２７名），采用玻璃球旋转法、比浊法、放射免疫分析法、流式细胞术等分别检测各组血小板粘附率（ＰＡｄＴ）、血小板聚集率（ＰＡｇＴ），血小板膜α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ１４０）和糖蛋白Ⅱ（ＧＰⅡ）水平。结果肺心病急性发作期组ＰＡｄＴ、ＰＡｇＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０和ＧＰⅡ分别为３１％±１６％、１４％±８％，１９０±４９分子数／血小板和１４５％±３６％。在缓解期组，上述各项检测值分别为３３％±１３％、３８％±１６％、１７８±３３分子数／血小板和１３７％±４８％，而正常对照组则分别为２２％±８％、２９％±１３％和１２１±３０分子数／血小板和９６％±３１％。提示，在肺心病急性发作期ＰＡｄＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０、ＧＰⅡ水平明显高于正常对照组，在缓解期，ＰＡｄＴ、ＰＡｇＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０等均升高。结论慢性肺心病患者体内血小板被激活，血小板粘附、聚集、释放等功能增强。认识并纠正上述病理变化可能有助于肺心病疗效的提高。     

2型糖尿病血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p、CD63的变化及影响因素

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者血小板膜糖蛋白CD6 2p、CD6 3的变化及临床价值。方法　用流式细胞术测定64例 2型糖尿病患者 (有微血管病变者 3 1例 ,无微血管病病变者 3 3例 )及 3 0例健康人血小板膜糖蛋白CD6 2 p、CD6 3,并对部分患者作治疗前后的动态观察。结果　血小板膜糖蛋白CD6 2 p、CD6 3的表达在 2型糖尿病患者中明显高于正常对照 ,伴微血管病变组明显高于无微血管病变组。部分患者在血糖控制后并坚持服用阿斯匹林 6个月 ,所有指标与治疗前比较差异无显著性。多元逐步线性回归分析表明在 2型糖尿病病人中 ,CD6 2 p、CD6 3水平与胰岛素敏感指数、年龄及病程有关。结论　血小板膜糖蛋白CD6 2p、CD6 3测定对判断 2型糖尿病病人血小板活化和微血管病变的早期诊断、病情分析有重要的临床价值 ,其水平变化与胰岛素敏感指数、年龄及病程有关     

伴有晕厥症状的急性肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床特点分析

目的 回顾性分析25例伴有晕厥症状的急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者的临床特点及住院转归情况.方法 2011年1月至2015年12月期间北京医院确诊的289例PTE患者,按照是否伴有晕厥症状分为晕厥组和无晕厥组,记录两组患者年龄、性别、危险因素、临床症状、实验室检查、影像学特征、危险度分级、治疗情况和住院转归情况.结果 晕厥组25例,占所有PTE患者的8.7%,其中,男14例,女11例,平均(62.0±14.0)岁.晕厥组和无晕厥组在年龄、性别、基础疾病及危险因素等方面差异无统计学意义;晕厥组中心悸和发绀发生率高于无晕厥组(分别是36.0% vs 13.3%和24.0% vs 9.5%,P=0.002、0.030);心电图检查中,SⅠQⅢTⅢ表现的比例较无晕厥组差异有统计学意义(16.6% vs 2.9%,P=0.001);超声心动图检查中,右心室前后径/左心室前后径>0.6的比例较无晕厥组差异有统计学意义(50.0% vs 27.3%,P=0.034);晕厥组主肺动脉及肺动脉干受累的比例高于无晕厥组,两组差异有统计学意义(55.0% vs 29.8%,X2=5.34,P=0.021);晕厥组高、中危患者的比例要显著高于无晕厥组(76.0% vs 32.6%,X2=18.60,P<0.001).两组的全因死亡率差异无统计学意义(12.0% vs 9.8%,X2=0.12,P=0.730),但晕厥组死于PTE的比例较无晕厥组高(12.0% vs 2.6%,X2=5.87,P=0.015).结论 伴有晕厥症状的PTE患者常累及主肺动脉和肺动脉干,伴有右心功能不全,疾病危险程度更为严重,可能是疾病预后不佳的标志.     

肺血栓栓塞症对左心室收缩与舒张功能的影响

目的 探讨肺血栓栓塞症对患者左心室收缩与舒张功能的影响.方法 连续收集2006年1月至2010年12月北京安贞医院急诊监护病房的急性肺血栓栓塞症患者以及亚急性、慢性肺血栓栓寒症急性加重＜2周的患者共102例,其中男53例,女49例,年龄23～85岁,平均(64±14)岁.同期纳入来自同一医院体检中心年龄、性别匹配的健康对照51名,其中男29例,女22例,年龄31～79岁,平均(61±9)岁.并以2009年1月至2010年12月该院经冠状动脉造影证实、年龄匹配的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)患者160例作为疾病对照,其中男90例,女70例,年龄29～81岁,平均(61±11)岁.调查肺血栓栓塞症患者高血压病、冠心病病史及其他可能影响左心功能的因素.应用多普勒超声评价心脏结构与功能,采用跨二尖瓣前向血流速率法评价左心室舒张充盈特性,以左心室舒张早期流速(E)小于左房收缩期流速(A)或E/A比值＞2判定为存在左心室舒张充盈异常.左心室射血分数＞50%定义为左心室收缩功能正常.结果 102例肺血栓栓塞症患者中,72.5%(74/102)存在三尖瓣反流,77.5%(79/102)存在左心室舒张充盈异常,95.1%(97/102)左心室收缩功能正常.对肺血栓栓塞症患者进一步分析显示,伴有高血压和(或)冠心病患者左心室舒张充盈异常发生率显著高于单纯肺血栓栓塞症患者(x2=5.280,P＜0.05),分别为85.2%(52/61)与65.9%(27/41).所有肺血栓栓塞症患者中,左心室舒张充盈异常发生率(77.6%,79/102)显著高于健康对照(25.5%,13/51,x2=38.300,P＜0.001),收缩功能受损率(4.9%,5/102)显著低于冠心病对照(29.4%,47/160,x2=23.450,P＜0.001).单纯肺血栓栓塞症左心室舒张充盈异常发生率(65.9%,27/41)仍显著高于健康对照(25.5%,13/51,x2=15.070,P＜0.001),而与冠心病组比较差异无统计学意义(73.8%,118/160,x2=1.013,P＞0.05).结论 左心室舒张充盈异常是肺血栓栓塞症患者左心室功能受累的常见和主要表现形式,也是体循环受到影响的重要标志.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of the present study aimed to evaluate the left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling characteristics in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).Methods A total of 102 patients with PTE, including acute or acute on chronic PTE, were consecutively recruited from January of 2006 to December of 2010.The patients[53 males and 49 females; age (64 ± 14) years, range 23- 85 years]all underwent Doppler echocardiographic assessment before thrombolytic therapy or within 24 h of hospital admission to the emergency intensive care unit of Beijing Anzhen hospital.Fifty-one ageand gender-matched healthy controls[29 males and 22 females; age (61 ±9) years, range 31 -79 years]were recruited from the Health Center.One hundred and sixty age- and gender-matched coronary artery disease (CAD) patients[90 males and 70 females, age (61 ± 11 ) years, range 29 -81 years]with positive coronary artery angiography were also included as controls during the period of January of 2009 through December of 2010.Trans-thoracic Doppler echocardiography was used to assess the trans-mitral filling pattern and left ventricular systolic function in all the subjects.The trans-mitral blood flow peak of early (E) wave less than that of the auricular (A) wave, or the ratio of E/A greater than 2, were defined as abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling.Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than 50% was defined as preserved systolic function.The prevalence of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic dysfunction were compared with Chi-square test between the PTE patients and the 2 control groups.Results Tricuspid regurgitation was identified in 72.5% (74/102) of the 102 PTE patients, abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was detected in 77.5% (79/102) of the PTE patients, and 95.1% (97/102) of the PTE patients had preserved left ventricular systolic function with LVEF of ＞50%.Further analysis revealed that the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was more frequent in PTE patients with CAD and/or hypertension than in other PTE patients ( x2 = 5.280, P ＜ 0.05 ), 85.2% (52/61) and 65.9% ( 27/41 ),respectively.Overall, the prevalence of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling in PTE patients (77.5%,79/102) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (25.5%, 13/51 ,x2 = 38.300,P ＜0.001 ),and the fraction of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was significantly lower (4.9% ,5/102) than that in CAD patients ( 29.4%, 47/160, x2 = 23.450, P ＜ 0.001 ).In the PTE patients with neither CAD nor hypertension, the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was still more frequent (65.9% ,27/41 ) than in healthy controls (25.5% ,13/51, x2 = 15.070,P ＜ 0.001 ), but there was no significant difference when compared with that in CAD patients (73.8% ,118/160,x2= 1.013,P ＞0.05).Conclusions The results strongly suggest that abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling constitutes a common and a major form of left ventricular dysfunction in PTE patients.It indicates that enhanced alertness to and early identification of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling may play an important role in improving prognosis for PTE.