64层螺旋CT血管造影对癌性上腔静脉综合征的诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影对上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例病理确诊为癌性SVCS的64层螺旋CT血管造影表现.结果 (1)原发病变:肺癌位于右上肺叶8例,右上纵隔型7例,淋巴瘤2例,侵袭性胸腺瘤1例.(2)上腔静脉梗阻征:单侧压迫(5例)、半环状包埋(8例)、环状包埋(4例)、夹心状包埋(1例).(3)继发侧枝循环:侧枝循环开放10例.结论 多层螺旋CT血管造影能全面、准确地诊断SVCS,为临床诊断与治疗提供更丰富的影像学信息.     

肺癌致上腔静脉综合征继发病变类型及介入治疗CT研究

目的探讨肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)继发病变CT表现类型及介入治疗价值。方法病理确诊肺癌致SVCS51例,其中7例行上腔静脉(SVC)支架植入术,回顾分析上腔静脉梗阻程度、继发病变CT表现及支架植入术后CT表现的变化,并作统计分析。结果(1)继发病变CT表现:单纯侧枝循环建立与开放14例、单纯胸壁肿胀12例、二者均有16例、二者均无9例,肺癌致SVCS时上腔静脉梗阻程度不同,胸部侧枝循环和/或胸壁水肿CT显示率不同(P<0.05)。肺癌致SVCS时血栓形成(或癌栓)7例。(2)上腔静脉支架植入术后CT表现的变化:7例成功行此治疗后CT示上腔静脉通畅,侧枝循环和胸壁水肿减退。结论肺癌致SVCS继发病变包括侧枝循环建立与开放、胸壁肿胀、上腔静脉梗阻端血栓形成,前二者CT表现与梗阻程度有关,且有助于判断支架植入术近期疗效。     

上腔静脉综合征继发改变的CT评价

目的:探讨肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)继发改变的CT表现类型及CT价值。方法:经病理证实肺癌致SVCS51例,其中7例行上腔静脉支架植入术,回顾分析上腔静脉梗阻程度、继发改变CT表现,并作统计分析。结果:①上腔静脉梗阻程度:轻~中度18例,重度28例,完全闭塞5例;②继发改变CT表现:单纯侧枝循环建立与开放14例,单纯胸壁肿胀12例,侧支循环建立并胸壁水肿16例,两种表现均未发现9例。肺癌致SVCS时上腔静脉梗阻程度不同,胸部侧枝循环和/或胸壁水肿CT显示率不同(P<0.05)。肺癌致SVCS时血栓形成7例。结论:胸部CT增强扫描是显示肺癌致SVCS继发改变的一种很有价值的影像学方法。     

肺癌致上腔静脉综合征CT特征及其病理学基础

目的探讨肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)生物学行为、肺癌与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变位置关系的CT特征及病理学基础.资料与方法病理确诊肺癌致SVCS共51例,回顾分析肺癌解剖部位、大体类型及其致SVCS生物学行为、与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系的CT表现,并作统计分析.结果肺癌致SVCS生物学行为CT表现:直接蔓延7例,淋巴结转移17例,二者并存27例.致SVCS肺癌与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系CT表现:直接相连32例,间接相连10例,不相连接9例.不同肺叶不同大体类型肺癌致SVCS生物学行为及其与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系均不同(P<0.05).结论肺癌致SVCS生物学行为、与上腔静脉梗阻段周围病变间位置关系均与肺癌解剖部位及大体类型有关.     

肺癌致上腔静脉综合征螺旋CT诊断

本文收集了我院经病理确诊的肺癌致上腔静脉综合征（superior vena cava syndrome,SVCS）26例,探讨SVCS螺旋CT的表现及侧枝循环形成情况。1材料与方法1.1一般资料肺癌致上腔静脉综合征26例中,男18例,女8例,年龄48～80岁,平均64.2岁。所有患者均经病理确诊为肺癌,其中鳞癌8例,腺癌12例,小细胞肺癌6例。     

上腔静脉综合征多排螺旋CT诊断价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT血管成像在上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)中的诊断价值.方法 46例上腔静脉综合征行颈胸部多排螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描,发送工作站后处理(包括VR、MPR、MIP、CPR)作出诊断,并与手术或穿刺病理作对比分析.结果 46例中肺癌所致SVCS 36例、恶性淋巴瘤5例、胸腺癌3例,慢性纵隔炎1例,甲状腺癌伴颈内静脉及上腔静脉癌栓形成1例.奇静脉入口以上梗阻31例,奇静脉入口以下梗阻4例,奇静脉人口上下同时阻塞者11例.轻～中度梗阻16例,重度梗阻21例,完全梗阻9例.结论 多排螺旋CT是诊断SVCS理想的检查手段.对临床进一步治疗具有重大指导作用.     

右上纵隔增宽的CT诊断价值(附56例分析)

目的探讨X线平片右上纵隔增宽的CT诊断价值。方法分析56例经手术、病理或CT增强扫描、心脏超声证实的右上纵隔增宽X线和CT表现。所有病例均行X线平片和CT平扫,其中51例行CT增强扫描。结果非侵袭性胸腺瘤6例;侵袭性胸腺瘤致上腔静脉综合征2例;胸内甲状腺肿瘤2例;升主动脉或无名动脉迂曲14例;胸主动脉瘤3例;肺动脉狭窄致主肺动脉扩张1例;右位主动脉弓2例;淋巴瘤4例;右肺纵隔型肺癌16例;隐匿型肺癌2例;食管下段癌致胸上段食管明显扩张2例;食管异物继发上纵隔脓肿2例。经CT平扫 增强扫描、手术、病理、心脏超声证实病例数分别为33、10、12、1例。结论CT扫描是诊断右上纵隔增宽的可靠检查方法。     

肺癌致上腔静脉梗阻介入治疗的疗效评价

目的 探讨经血管内支架置入术联合经皮肺125I放射性粒子植入治疗肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(superior vena cava syndrome,SVCS)的临床疗效.方法 选取2016年1月～2018年12月我院收治的31例SVCS患者临床资料,均行内支架置入术后序贯经皮肺125I放射性粒子植入.结果 31例患者一次性血...     

周围型肺癌的CT征象与癌细胞DNA含量的关系

目的 :探讨周围型肺癌DNA含量及其与CT征象的关系。材料和方法 :用流式细胞分析术检测 5 0例有术前CT检查并经手术病理证实的周围型肺癌石蜡包埋标本的细胞核DNA含量。结果 :CT显示分叶征、毛刺征、棘突征 ,有纵隔、肺门淋巴结转移的有无 ,其DNA异倍体检出率均有统计学差异。结论 :周围型肺癌出现分叶征、毛刺征、棘突征且有纵隔、肺门淋巴结转移的CT征象与癌细胞核的DNA含量有显著关系。     

原发性中心型肺癌侵犯肺动脉干的CT、MRI表现特征

目的　探讨肺癌侵犯肺动脉干方式、途径、范围的CT、MRI表现及其与手术的关系。方法　收集经手术及病理证实为肺癌侵犯肺动脉干的 2 3例 (CT 15例 ,MRI 13例 ) ,盲法观察其侵犯途径、范围等CT、MRI表现 ,并与手术发现进行对照分析。结果　本组 2 3例肺癌侵犯肺动脉干的CT和MRI征象中 ,发现管壁异常征CT 11例 (73 .3 % ) ,MRI 11例 (84.6% ) ;管腔异常征CT 8例 (5 5 .3 % ) ,MRI9例 (69.2 % ) ;肿瘤包埋征CT 5例 (3 3 .3 % ) ,MRI 6例 (4 6.2 % ) ;管周脂肪征CT 15例 ,MRI 13例均为 10 0 %。由于癌肿优势部位不同 ,可经纵隔胸膜及肺门侵犯肺动脉干 ,又因左、右肺动脉干解剖毗邻差异 ,其受侵犯部位、程度及累及邻近结构不同。肺癌还可沿肺动脉干向其他肺叶肺动脉及其分支浸润。手术术式选择与上述影像表现特征密切相关。结论　CT和MRI对肺癌侵犯肺动脉干可判断其受侵的方式、途径和范围 ,对手术方式的选择有一定指导意义。     

The superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant disease. Imaging with multi-detector row CT

OBJECTIVE: The superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction by malignant diseases is either by direct invasion and compression or by tumour thrombus of the SVC. Whatever is its cause, obstruction of the SVC causes elevated pressure in the veins draining into the SVC and increased or reversed blood flow through collateral vessels. Severity of the syndrome depends on the collateral vascular system development. Therefore, imaging of the collateral veins with variable location and connection is important in determining the extension and management of the disease. Our aims are to describe collateral vessels of the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) related with the malignant diseases and to assess the ability of multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D volume rendering techniques in determining and describing collateral circulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present CT angiography findings of seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 3), Hodgkin disease of the thorax (n = 1), and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (n = 1). The patients received contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest and abdomen on a multi-detector row CT during breath holding at suspended inspiration. RESULTS: CT images revealed the cause and level of the SVC obstruction in all patients with axial and multiplanar reconstructed images. The SVC showed total obstruction in five patients and partial obstruction in two patients. The most common experienced collateral vessels were azygos vein (6), intercostal veins (6), mediastinal veins (6), paravertebral veins (5), hemiazygos vein (5), thoracoepigastric vein (5), internal mammary vein (5), thoracoacromioclavicular venous plexus (5), and anterior chest wall veins (5). While one case showed the portal-systemic shunt, V. cordis media and sinus coronarius with phrenic veins were enlarged in two cases, and the left adrenal vein was enlarged in a patient. In one case, the azygos vein with reversed blood flow was drained into both inferior vena cava and hemiazygos vein with the left renal vein. CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D imaging is an effective tool in evaluation of the SVCS and has a greater advantage than the other imaging techniques. 3D volume rendering is a useful technique in determining and describing collateral circulations in addition to the primary disease process.     

血管内支架置入术治疗肺癌引起的上腔静脉综合征

目的:观察血管内支架置入治疗肺癌引起的上腔静脉综合征的疗效。方法:对56例肺癌引起的上腔静脉综合征患者行经股静脉上腔静脉内支架置入治疗。结果:56例患者均成功置入支架,患者症状缓解。8例支架内继发血栓形成,其中1例支架内再次置入支架,7例经溶栓后症状缓解。结论:血管内支架置入术是一种治疗肺癌引起的上腔静脉综合征安全有效的方法。     

Superior vena cava syndrome and bilateral subclavian vein thrombosis. CT and radionuclide venography correlation

Radionuclide venography (RNV) and CT with contrast infusion were performed in a patient with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome and upper extremity swelling due to SVC and bilateral subclavian vein thrombosis resulting from infection of a Le Veen peritoneovenous shunt. Although CT was suggestive of thrombosis and excluded extrinsic compression by a mass, obstruction of the SVC and deliniation of collateral venous channels were best demonstrated by RNV.     

Systemic to pulmonary venous shunt in lung cancer with obstruction of superior vena cava: case report with review of the literature

We describe the CT features of an unusual collateral pathway of systemic to pulmonary venous shunt in a patient with lung cancer that obstructed the superior vena cava (SVC). Spiral CT scan with rapid injection of contrast medium from a right arm vein revealed a systemic to pulmonary venous shunt (SPVS), passing through thick pleural effusion, which was the direct transpleural communication between right upper chest wall veins and right superior pulmonary veins. Three-dimensional CT angiography revealed the entire shunt. We consider that the shunt was formed in association with radiation therapy, and was not injured with the subsequent collapse of the lung and accumulation of massive pleural effusion. We review the reports that have dealt with the shunt in patients with lung cancer, and discuss the conditions related to the development of SPVS in such patients.     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的介入治疗

目的探讨经皮血管内支架植入联合肿瘤供血动脉化疗栓塞治疗肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的方法及临床价值。方法28例肺癌合并上腔静脉阻塞患者,经螺旋CT和静脉造影明确诊断,以阻塞远侧静脉压大于22mmHg为支架植入适应证,支架植入前明确伴有继发血栓形成患者行抗凝及溶栓治疗,经肘前静脉或股静脉入路,先行狭窄部位球囊扩张术,然后在上腔静脉和头臂静脉狭窄段植入支架,支架植入前后联合支气管动脉栓塞化疗。结果28例患者成功植入支架30枚,3例支架内继发急性血栓形成,经过保留导管溶栓治疗成功溶解血栓,2例术后出现肺栓塞,经过血栓抽吸 抗凝溶栓治疗症状缓解,1例3个月后上腔静脉综合征复发,再次植入1枚支架后上腔静脉重新开通,其余病例在生存期内支架保持通畅。结论上腔静脉支架植入联合支气管动脉栓塞化疗治疗肺癌所致上腔静脉综合征,缓解症状迅速有效、微创、并发症较少,可以明显提高患者的生存质量。     

Hepatic localization of Tc-99m MAA during lower extremity venography

Hepatic localization of macroaggregated albumin particles has been observed previously in both superior and inferior vena cava obstruction. These reports have described focal regional hepatic uptake in porta hepatis or the left hepatic lobe in cases of SVC and IVC obstruction as well as global hepatic uptake in IVC obstruction. In this report of an unusual case of hepatic uptake of MAA during lower extremity venography, the entire liver and lungs were simultaneously visualized, presumably due to portal-to-systemic collateral flow pathways in the presence of inferior vena cava obstruction.     

Budd-Chiari综合征的CT与超声、静脉造影对比研究

目的：评价ＣＴ、超声、静脉造影对Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析４４例Ｂｕｄｄ－Ｃｈｉａｒｉ综合征的ＣＴ、超声、静脉造影表现,比较三种检查方法显示肝脏的形态、肝静脉、下腔静脉、肝内外的侧枝血管情况。结果：ＣＴ显示肝尾叶增大４２例（９５％）,肝脏密度不均或呈低密度表现,１９例（４３％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,４２例（９５％）见有肝外侧枝血管,其中奇静脉扩张３５例（８０％）,半奇静脉扩张３９例（８９％）,下腔静脉钙化７例（１６％）。超声显示３８例（８６％）有下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞,１６例（３６％）有肝静脉狭窄或阻塞,３７例（８４％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,１６例（３６％）显示有肝外侧枝血管。静脉造影显示下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞２３例（５３％）,肝静脉狭窄或阻塞５例（１１％）,其余１６例（３６％）同时累及下腔静脉和肝静脉,３８例（８４％）显示有肝内侧枝血管,４４例（１００％）见有肝外侧枝血管。结论：ＣＴ对显示肝脏形态、下腔静脉钙化、肝外侧枝血管尤其是奇静脉和半奇静脉扩张有优势,超声则对显示下腔静脉和肝静脉狭窄或阻塞、肝内侧枝血管有优势,ＣＴ、超声和静脉造影相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断