恩诺沙星C-3上1,2,4-三唑硫基乙酰腙类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的基于氟喹诺酮的作用机制和结构特征设计抗肿瘤氟喹诺酮化合物。方法 1,2,4-三唑杂环作为恩诺沙星C-3上羧基的电子等排体,硫基乙酰腙作为功能修饰侧链,设计合成了新的1,2,4-三唑硫基乙酰腙类氟喹诺酮C-3衍生物(7a-7l),其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证,用M TT[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide]方法评价了体外对SMMC-7721、L1210和HL60共3种癌细胞的抗增殖活性。结果合成了12个新目标物,对3种癌细胞抗肿瘤活性强于母体恩诺沙星。构效关系表明,2-羟基苯环基或吸电子基取代苯基类化合物的活性强于其他取代基的化合物,其中对SMMC-7721细胞的活性与对照阿霉素相当。结论硫基乙酰腙功能基修饰的1,2,4-三唑杂环替代氟喹诺酮C-3上羧基有利于提高抗肿瘤活性。     

喜树碱衍生物抗肿瘤活性定量构效关系的DFT研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,对喜树碱7位取代衍生物进行几何构型优化和电子结构计算,根据计算结果分析其抗肿瘤活性与电子结构的定量构效关系。结果表明,喜树碱7位取代衍生物抗肿瘤活性与分子总能量、8位和6位碳原子电荷密度及B环总电荷密度相关,其中影响最大的是8位碳原子电荷密度数值。     

查尔酮类化合物的抗肿瘤活性及其构效关系研究进展

目的:了解查尔酮类化合物的抗肿瘤活性及其构效关系,为抗肿瘤新药研发奠定基础。方法:对PubMed数据库中1994-2013年查尔酮类化合物的抗肿瘤活性与其构效关系的研究进展进行综述。结果与结论:根据查尔酮类化合物母核上有效取代基类型的不同,可将其分为羟基化和甲基化查尔酮、卤取代查尔酮、硼酸基取代查尔酮和含氮基团取代查尔酮,其均具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,且结构简单、制备方便,是一种较有潜力的抗肿瘤先导化合物,在抗肿瘤新药的研究中具有广阔的应用前景。     

恩诺沙星噁二唑类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的寻找氟喹诺酮由抗菌活性转化为抗肿瘤活性的结构修饰策略。方法用噁二唑杂环作为恩诺沙星(化合物1)C-3羧基的等排体,设计合成了12个新的噁二唑类目标化合物(3a-3l),其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。用MTT方法评价了目标化合物体外对SMMC-7721、L1210和HL60 3种癌细胞的生长抑制活性。结果目标物对3种实验癌细胞的生长抑制活性显著强于母体化合物(1)的活性。构效关系表明,苯环带羟基或氟原子或磺酰胺基化合物的活性强于其他取代基化合物的活性,其活性与对照阿霉素的活性相当。结论氟喹诺酮C-3羧基并非是喹啉酮羧酸类抗肿瘤活性所必需的药效团,用噁二唑杂环替代可显著提高其抗肿瘤活性。     

靛玉红衍生物结构与抗肿瘤活性关系预测方程的建立

目的：建立一个方程,用于预测靛玉红衍生物（主要为靛玉红-3′-肟类）的体外抗肿瘤活性。方法：采用经典的二维定量构效关系研究方法,对24个靛玉红衍生物进行计算机模拟与统计分析。结果：得到靛玉红衍生物体外抗肿瘤活性的定量构效方程,且发现,该类靛玉红衍生物的活性与脂水分配系数、偶极矩、总电荷绝对值和最大负电荷呈负相关,与分子体积呈正相关。结论：所得方程能有效预测该类靛玉红衍生物的活性,且对其类似物的设计与改造具有指导意义。     

恩诺沙星噁二唑硫乙酰腙类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的寻找氟喹诺酮C-3羧基等排体的优化方法。方法噁二唑为恩诺沙星C-3羧基的等排体,硫醚酰腙作为修饰侧链,设计合成了C-3噁二唑硫醚酰腙类目标化合物7a~7l,其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证,评价了目标化合物在体外对SMMC-7721、L1210和HL60 3种癌细胞的抗增殖活性。结果 12个新目标物被合成,它们对3种试验癌细胞的生长抑制活性强于母体恩诺沙星。初步的构-效关系表明,苯环带吸电子基化合物的活性强于其他取代基的化合物,对SMMC-7721细胞的活性与对照阿霉素相当。结论氟喹诺酮C-3羧基并非是抗肿瘤活性所必要的药效团,用功能化侧链修饰的唑杂环替代有利于提高抗肿瘤活性。     

紫杉醇及其衍生物基于逐步多元线性回归分析的QSAR研究

应用逐步多元线性回归方法，对紫杉醇及其衍生物的两个异构体系进行了构效关系研究，发现C13位侧链中的C3‘位取代基的摩尔折射与其活性密切相关，从而可以推断出C3‘位取代基的改变很可能是其生物活性变化的重要因素，这为设计与合成活性较高的紫杉醇类似物将提供有价值的参考信息。     

DDPH 衍生物α1-受体拮抗活性三维定量构效关系的研究

目的和方法应用计算机模拟Apex3D软件研究DDPH及其衍生物拮抗α1受体活性的三维定量构效关系。结果结果表明芳氧烷胺结构中芳环邻、对位取代对生物活性有重要影响。结论我们所构建的药效团和三维定量构效关系方程不仅能帮助理解药物与受体的相互作用,而且为设计活性更好的新化合物提供参考。     

第四代氟喹诺酮类抗菌药—加替沙星

加替沙星 (ｇａｔｉｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ)是日本杏林制药株式会社继诺氟沙星、氟罗沙星之后研制开发的又一新型氟喹诺酮类合成抗菌剂 ,为氟喹诺酮的Ｇ7位用 3-甲基哌嗪基取代的衍生物。 1999年 12月其口服和静注制剂首次在美国、墨西哥和波多黎各获得许可并上市。在美国其商品名为ｔｅｑｕｉｎ[1] 。 1998年底申请在中国作Ｉ期临床研究。国内也相继研究开发了加替沙星的片剂、胶囊、注射剂等 ,现正在进行临床试验。本文就其构效关系、体内外抗菌活性、药代动力学、临床疗效和不良反应作一综述。1　构效关系加替沙星的化学名为 1 环丙基 6 氟…     

[1,2,4]三嗪并[3,4-h][1,8]萘啶-8-酮-7-羧酸衍生物的设计合成及抗菌和抗细胞增殖活性

为发现新结构氟喹诺酮先导物,基于药效团拼合药物设计原理,用[1,2,4]三嗪核为稠合环,设计合成了新三环氟喹诺酮衍生物[1,2,4]三嗪并[3,4-h][1,8]萘啶-8-酮-7-羧酸目标化合物(5a~5p),结构经光谱数据和元素分析确证,并对其体外抗菌和抗细胞增殖活性进行了评价。结果表明,目标化合物对耐药菌株和SMMC-7721肝癌细胞株有较强的抑制活性。构-效关系显示,供电子基取代的苯基化合物有利于提高抗菌活性,而吸电子基取代的苯基化合物显示出较强的抗肿瘤活性,其中部分化合物的IC50值与对照药阿霉素相当。因此,三嗪稠合的三环氟喹诺酮羧酸作为新的抗菌抗肿瘤新先导物值得关注和进一步的研究。     

Recent advances in the discovery and development of quinolones and analogs as antitumor agents

Compounds that interact with DNA or microtubules by multiple mechanisms and cause diverse cytotoxic lesions are potential targets for anticancer drug development. Accordingly, a relatively new approach to the rational design of antitumor agents is based on the quinolone class of antibacterials. Their mechanism of antibacterial action involves inhibition of DNA gyrase, and numerous new quinolones do exhibit antitumor activity. Thus, these new quinolone structures display a novel mode of action for the quinolone class as antitumor agents. The potential for quinolones to be used as topoisomerase II inhibitors, as well as antimitotic agents, is reviewed with a focus on recent discoveries and development of antitumor quinolones, especially related work in the author's laboratory.     

Novel substituted benzothiophene and thienothiophene carboxanilides and quinolones: synthesis, photochemical synthesis, DNA-binding properties, antitumor evaluation and 3D-derived QSAR analysis

A series of new N,N-dimethylaminopropyl- and 2-imidazolinyl-substituted derivatives of benzo[b]thienyl- and thieno[2,3-b]thienylcarboxanilides and benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]- and thieno[3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones were prepared. Quinolones were prepared by the reaction of photochemical dehydrohalogenation of corresponding anilides. Carboxanilides and quinolones were tested for the antiproliferative activity. 2-Imidazolinyl-substituted derivatives showed very prominent activity. By use of the experimentally obtained antitumor measurements, 3D-derived QSAR analysis was performed for the set of compounds. Highly predictive 3D-derived QSAR models were obtained, and molecular properties that have the highest impact on antitumor activity were identified. Carboxanilides 6a-c and quinolones 9a-c and 11a were evaluated for DNA binding propensities and topoisomerases I and II inhibition as part of their mechanism of action assessment. The evaluated differences in the mode of action nicely correlate with the results of the 3D-QSAR analysis. Taken together, the results indicate which modifications of the compounds from the series should further improve their anticancer properties.     

Towards anticancer fluoroquinolones: A review article

Different studies about the anticancer potential of several medically used antibacterial fluoroquinolones have been established. Fluoroquinolone derivatives, like some anti‐cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, can achieve antitumor activity via poisoning of type II human DNA topoisomerases. Interestingly, structural features required for the anticancer activity of quinolones have been determined. Most of the chemical modifications required to convert antibacterially acting fluoroquinolones into their anticancer analogs were at position 7 and the carboxylic group at position 3. This review highlights the antitumor potential of fluoroquinolones in general and summarizes the chemical modifications carried out on fluoroquinolones to become anticancer agents. Moreover, the review gives a quick recap on metal ion chelates with fluoroquinolones and their substantial role in topoisomerase poisoning and antitumor potential improvement. Hence, it should be highly interesting for researchers attempting to design and synthesize novel anticancer fluoroquinolone candidates.     

Novel derivatives of benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones: synthesis, photochemical synthesis, and antitumor evaluation

Novel derivatives of benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones 3a-j were synthesized in a multistep synthesis starting from substituted benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl chlorides, to their corresponding benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamides, which were photochemically dehydrohalogenated to their corresponding substituted benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones. Compound 4 was prepared from 3i by alkylation with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride in the presence of NaH. Compounds 7a,b were prepared from 3g in the multistep synthesis from compounds 5 and 6. Compounds 3b, 3c-f, 3h, 7a, and 7b were found to exert cytostatic activity against malignant cell lines: pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPaCa2), breast carcinoma (MCF7), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2), colon carcinoma (CaCo-2), melanoma (HBL), human fibroblast cell lines (WI-38). The compounds that bear a 3-dimethylaminopropyl substituent on the quinolone nitrogen (3b, 3c-f, 3h) showed higher antitumor activity than compounds bearing the same substituent on the amidic nitrogen (7a and 7b). The compound 3h, which has a 3-dimethylaminopropyl substituent on the quinolone nitrogen and a methoxycarbonyl substituent at position 9, had marked antitumor activity. Because of strong cytotoxic effect of compound 4 on melanoma cells (HBL, ME 67.3, and ME 67.1), a potential mechanism of action was examined. Analysis of DNA and Annexin-V-FLUOS staining indicated that compound 4 causes cell death by apoptosis.     

New findings on the structure-phototoxicity relationship and photostability of fluoroquinolones

The present study examined the phototoxicities of a series of 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones containing various substituents at position 1 by use of a mouse model. For the 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones with a halogen atom at position 8, well-known substituent groups such as a cyclopropyl, an ethyl, or a difluorophenyl at position 1 were found to be responsible for severe phototoxicity. However, when an aminodifluorophenyl or an isoxazolyl group was placed at position 1, even 8-halogeno quinolones were found to be mildly phototoxic. This is the first report of 8-halogeno quinolones that are not severely phototoxic. Two structurally similar 8-chloro quinolones (the 1-aminodifluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone and the 1-difluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone) were investigated further. The former was mildly phototoxic; the latter was severely phototoxic. We demonstrate that these two 8-chloro quinolones have practically the same areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 4 h in auricular tissue, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not due to pharmacokinetic instability. The rates of UV photodegradation of these compounds were also measured. We found that these two quinolones photodegrade at similar rates, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not attained through increased photostability. In conclusion, the phototoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones are influenced not only by the substituent at position 8 but also by that at position 1. We also discovered a mildly phototoxic 8-chloro quinolone which did not have increased photostability.     

喹诺酮类药物无菌检查中Mg2+的应用研究

目的研究Mg2+在喹诺酮类药物无菌检查法中的应用。方法在培养基中加入不同浓度的Mg2+,观察不同方法中6种阳性对照菌的生长情况。结果 Mg2+浓度对消除喹诺酮类药物的抑菌性有不同的影响。结论 Mg2+浓度为0.2 mol/L的培养基能有效消除喹诺酮类药物的抑菌性。     

喹诺酮类药致老年人不良反应文献分析

目的:了解喹诺酮类药致老年人不良反应发生的情况。方法:以"喹诺酮"、"沙星"为题名,检索《中国医院数字图书馆》2004～2009年中有关喹诺酮类药致老年人(≥60岁)不良反应的文献资料137篇,共173例,并按涉及药品种类、患者年龄、性别、给药途经、原患疾病、不良反应发生时间、累及系统及临床表现等进行统计分析。结果:引起不良反应的喹诺酮类药共有12种;以男性居多(63.01%);60～65岁老年人发生不良反应较多(30.06%);多表现为神经系统反应(33.53%)、变态反应(20.81%)、内分泌系统反应(17.34%),精神异常和癫痫是神经系统不良反应的主要表现(75.86%);死亡2例。结论:临床应重视喹诺酮类药在老年人中引起的不良反应,警惕严重不良反应(过敏性休克)的发生。     

喹诺酮类药物致肌肉骨骼系统不良反应文献分析

目的归纳总结喹诺酮类药物致肌肉骨骼系统不良反应，为规避临床用药风险提供参考。方法利用中国医院数字图书馆的期刊知识库和维普、万方资源系统，辅以人工检索与喹诺酮类药物致肌肉骨骼系统不良反应有关的文献并进行分析总结。结果调查结果涉及12种喹诺酮类药物，不良反应出现最多的是左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星；肌肉骨骼不良反应多表现为关节痛、跟腱炎等。结论应当高度重视喹诺酮类药物的肌肉骨骼系统不良反应，应避免对已知重症肌无力史的患者使用喹诺酮类药物。     

新型喹诺酮类化合物的设计合成与生物活性研究

目的设计合成具有抗肿瘤和抗HIV活性的新型喹诺酮类化合物。方法邻苯二胺衍生物和苯甲酰乙酸乙酯衍生物经缩合关环反应得到目标产物。结果与结论共合成5个未见文献报道的喹诺酮类化合物（7～11）,目标化合物的结构经1H—NMR、ESI-MS谱确证。并利用谱学方法解析了此类化合物的互变异构现象。其中,化合物11具有明显的抗肿瘤及抗HIV活性。