Synthesis of 4-hydroxypiperidine derivatives and their screening for analgesic activity

Six substituted phenacyl derivatives of 4-hydroxypiperidine were prepared and their structures were confirmed through spectroscopic techniques. These newly synthesized derivatives were also screened for analgesic activity by chemical and thermal methods. Only halogenated phenacyl derivatives demonstrated more or less protection against acetic acid induced writhing in mice where as rest of three derivatives were found inactive when screened by this chemical method. Similarly all the six derivatives were proved inactive by tail flick test.     

丹参素结构中醇羟基的修饰与初步活性评价

目的设计合成系列在丹参素醇羟基部位修饰的新衍生物,初步探索醇羟基在丹参素生物活性中的作用。方法丹参素的酚羟基以及羧基经苄基保护后,其醇羟基与相应的基团在不同的催化剂下缩合生成醚键以及酯键化合物,然后脱除保护基得到醇羟基修饰的衍生物。通过体外的心肌细胞氧化损伤模型初步评价新衍生物的生物活性,分析其构效关系。结果合成了11个丹参素新衍生物,并进行了结构确证;活性实验显示,醇羟基上醚键与酯键修饰的衍生物活性均没有明显高于母药丹参素。结论裸露的醇羟基可能是丹参素发挥作用的必需基团。     

Synthesis and properties of chiral N,N-maleoyl derivatives and Diels-Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene

Maleyl amino acid derivatives were prepared from maleic anhydride and cyclized by reaction with ZnCl2 and hexamethyldisilazane yielding maleoyl derivatives. These derivatives were used as dienophiles in cycloadditions with cyclopentadiene. The isolated norbornene derivatives resulted from an endo addition, and might be interpreted as analogues of thalidomide. For comparing the properties of compounds prepared by this route, some reference compounds were synthesized from endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride and amino acid derivatives. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, their stereochemistry is discussed, and results were compared with results from calculations.     

2-Substituted Naphthazarins; Synthesis and Antitumor Activity

A series of 2-substituted naphthazarin derivatives, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) derivatives and 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) derivatives, were synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity against some cancer cell lines and antitumor action against S-180 tumor were evaluated. In general, 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DHNQ derivatives showed a higher cytotoxicity than 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives, implying a predominent role of redox cycling rather than electrophilicity in cytotoxicity. 2-(1-Alkoxy-4-methylpentyl) or 2-(1-acyloxy-4-methylpentyl) derivatives were produced by alkylation or acylation at the C-1′ position of 2-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-DHNQ or DMNQ derivatives. Although the cytotoxicity differed according to the size of the alkyl or acyl chain, alkylation or acylation at the C-1′ position did not improve the cytotoxicity remarkably, and DHNQ derivatives were still more cytotoxic than DMNQ derivatives. Separately, in vivo testing showed that 2-(1-acyloxyalkyl)-DHNQ derivatives or 2-(1-alkoxyalkyl)-DHNQ derivatives expressed a higher antitumor action than 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ or -DHNQ derivatives in contrast to the cytotoxicity observations. The total size of two side chains at C-1′ seemed to govern the antitumor activity, with 9 to 11 carbon atoms being optimal. Thus, it is suggested that the physical properties as well as the chemical reactivity are to be considered in relation to the antitumor action of 2-substituted naphthazarin compounds.     

透明质酸衍生物在生物药品传递方面的研究进展

目的综述透明质酸衍生物的制备及近年来在生物药品传递方面的研究进展。方法参考国内外相关文献32篇,进行相关信息的分析、归纳和总结。结果阐述通过化学修饰透明质酸制备衍生物的方法和在传递基因和蛋白质等生物药品方面的应用。结论透明质酸衍生物在药物传递方面将会有广阔的发展的前景。     

丹皮酚及其衍生物的研究进展

目的促进提高对丹皮酚及其衍生物的研究水平。方法查阅大量的文献资料，总结近几年国内外对丹皮酚及其衍生物的研究进展。结果对丹皮酚药理性质的研究比较多，而对丹皮酚衍生物方面的研究非常少。结论研究丹皮酚及其衍生物具有非常重要的意义。     

Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of novel 1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives (IV)

1,4-Naphthoquinones are widely distributed in nature and many clinically important antitumor drugs containing a quinone moiety, such as anthracyclines, mitoxantrones and saintopin, show excellent anticancer activity. In this study, 2- or 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) and 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) derivatives were synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity against L1210 and P388 cancer cells was examined. Their antitumor activity was also assessed in mice bearing S-180 cells in the peritoneal cavity. In comparison with the DMNQ derivatives, the DHNQ derivatives exhibited more potent bioactivities than the DMNQ derivatives against both L1210 and P388 cells in vitro and S-180 cells in vivo. The ED50 values of the DHNQ derivatives against P388 cells were in the range of 0.18-1.81 microg/mL whereas those of the DMNQ derivatives were in the range of 0.26-40.41 microg/mL. The T/C (%) values of the DHNQ derivatives, 8, 17, 18, 19, and 20, were found to be comparable to or even better than that of adriamycin. It was also observed that the 2-substituted derivatives (8, 19, 20) showed better antitumor activity than the 6-substituted derivatives (7, 17, 18) in the mice bearing S-180 cells in the peritoneal cavity.     

Modification of spectinomycin. 2. Derivatives of 4-dihydro-4-deoxy-4(R)-aminospectinomycin

Acyl derivatives 5a approximately j and alkyl derivatives 7a approximately r of 4-dihydro-4-deoxy-4(R)-aminospectinomycin (1a) were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity. Only acyl compounds derived from long chain aliphatic acids showed activity in vitro, but were inactive when tested in vivo. All alkyl derivatives were active in vitro. In vivo however only the short chain derivatives 7a approximately c were active. Compound 7b showed higher activity than spectinomycin.     

Structure-activity relationships among substituted N-benzoyl derivatives of phenylalanine and its analogues in a microbial antitumor prescreen III: derivatives of p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine

Twelve substituted benzoyl derivatives of p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine were prepared and tested for growth-inhibitory activity in a Lactobacillus casei system used as an antitumor prescreen. The 12 substituted benzoyl groups were the same as those attached to o-fluorophenylalanine and m-fluorophenylalanine studied earlier. The activity of these compounds was compared vertically among themselves and horizontally with the corresponding derivatives of o-fluorophenylalanine and of m-fluorophenylalanine. It was found that the derivatives of p-fluorophenylalanine, like those of o- and m-fluorophenylalanine, exhibited remarkable inhibition, all but one, i.e., the o-nitrobenzoyl derivative, showing inhibition that is considered to be positive in the prescreen. Particularly potent compounds in this group were the m-chlorobenzoyl-, p-chlorobenzoyl, m-nitrobenzoyl, and p-nitrobenzoyl derivatives. Comparison of the activity of the substituted benzoyl derivatives of all three structural isomers of fluorophenylalanine at equimolar concentrations showed that the derivatives of m-fluorophenylalanine were generally better inhibitors than those of o-fluoro- or p-fluorophenylalanine. Study of the ID50 values of the more active substituted benzoyl derivatives of the fluorophenylalanines showed that the most active of this group was m-chlorobenzoyl-p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine.     

土槿乙酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的:研究土槿乙酸抗肿瘤作用的构效关系。方法:以土槿乙酸为原料,合成8个土槿乙酸衍生物,其结构经1H-NMR,MS证实。经MTT法筛选了衍生物的抗肿瘤活性。结果:8个化合物均为新化合物,除Ⅱc所有化合物均具有抗肿瘤活性,其中Ⅱf,Ⅱg的抗肿瘤活性显著高于土槿乙酸。结论:某些土槿乙酸酯和酰胺可提高抗肿瘤活性。     

Synthesis,characterization and anticoagulant activity of chitosan derivatives

Chitosan derivatives are reported as anticoagulants in the literature. This work was undertaken to develop novel chitosan derivatives as anticoagulants. The sulfonated derivatives of chitosan were formed by the reaction of chitosan derivatives with chlorosulfonic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide. The structures of these derivatives were established by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra. The prepared derivatives were evaluated for their in vivo anticoagulant effects by the tail bleeding method in Wistar rats utilizing nicoumalone as a standard drug. The results revealed that the sulfonation of the chitosan increases its anticoagulant activity. The developed compounds exhibited faster onset of action and potency than nicoumalone after one hour of the drug administration. The sulphated N-alkyl derivatives of chitosan were more potent anticoagulants than sulfated quaternary derivatives/sulfated chitosan. It is also suggested to develop analogs of Ethyl chitosan sulfate (4b) and Benzyl chitosan sulfate (4c), which may provide some more fruitful anticoagulants having faster onset of action as well as longer duration of action and possessing a balanced hydrophilic/lipophilic character.     

大黄素三甲氧基衍生物合成及体外抗肿瘤活性试验

目的:以天然存在的大黄素为原料合成了甲基化衍生物三甲氧基大黄素,并进行体外抗肿瘤活性的研究。方法:利用硫酸二甲酯/丙酮甲基化组合合成目标化合物1,3,8-三甲氧基-6-甲基蒽醌;通过常规方法,对其理化性质进行鉴定。采用HPLC及ESI-MS对其结构进行表征;通过MTT比色法与流式细胞术检测其对K562细胞增殖及细胞周期分布的影响。结果:三甲氧基大黄素为淡黄色粉末,mp:226～227℃,溶于氯仿等有机溶剂。其结构经HPLC及ESI-MS检测得到确证;浓度依赖性地抑制K562细胞的增殖,并使G0/G1期的细胞比例增加。结论:以大黄素为原料,成功合成了其新的衍生物。三甲氧基大黄素具有抑制K562细胞增殖及阻滞细胞周期由G0/G1期向S期移行的抗肿瘤活性。     

Evaluation of New Indole and Bromoindole Derivatives as pp60c‐Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

A series of N‐benzyl‐indole‐3‐imine‐, amine derivatives and their 5‐bromo congeners were synthesized and their biological activity were evaluated against the pp60^c‐Src tyrosine kinase target. To afford the imine derivatives, aldehydes were reacted with substituted benzylamines and the corresponding amine derivatives were obtained by NaBH₄ reduction of these imines. Except insoluble N‐benzyl‐indole‐3‐imine derivatives, all the derivatives showed some activity against the kinase target. Screening of these compounds for their biological activity revealed that among N‐benzyl‐indole derivatives, those bearing 5‐bromo substitution have the enhanced potency, where the amine derivatives were more active than imines.     

pH响应性两性霉素B衍生物的合成及体外评价

摘要：目的 合成一种具有pH响应性可降解的两性霉素B衍生物,以减轻两性霉素B溶血性的同时保持其抗菌活性。方 法 采用马来酸酐和柠康酸酐为酰化剂,分别与两性霉素B反应生成具有β-羧酸酰胺键的衍生物,建立HPLC检测方法,表征 衍生物的结构,验证其pH响应降解性能,考察其体外溶血性和抗菌活性。结果 基于柠康酸酐合成的两性霉素B衍生物AMB CIT,在pH7.4条件下24h后降解30.6%,在pH6.5和pH5.5条件下分别降解46.1%和73.2%,具有明显的酸响应降解性能,并且生成 两性霉素B产物。AMB-CIT能在一定程度上降低两性霉素B的溶血毒性,在微酸环境下具有良好的抗菌活性。结论 本研究为 环境响应性可降解的两性霉素B衍生物的合成及应用提供了一种参考。     

新型骨靶向抗肿瘤大黄酚衍生物的合成

目的: 利用大黄蒽醌类化合物的抗肿瘤作用与趋骨性,将大黄酚抗肿瘤药5-氟脲嘧啶及其衍生物连接,合成系列新型骨靶向抗肿瘤衍生物.方法: 合成大黄酚衍生物,MTT法测定其对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,用羟基磷灰石吸附试验评价该类药物的体外骨亲和性.结果: 合成了21个大黄酚衍生物均为新化合物.实验显示所有化合物均有不同程度的骨亲和性,大部分化合物的亲和性高于阳性对照药四环素.结论: 大黄酚衍生物具有良好的骨亲和性.     

Antitumor imide derivatives of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dicarboxylic acid

The imide and methylimide derivatives of 7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dicarboxylic acid were synthesized and shown to have antitumor inhibitory activity (growth inhibition) against the KB cell line. The compounds were prepared according to standard procedures. Interest in the respective imide derivatives stemmed from their structural relationship to antitumor-active derivatives of 7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid which lacked 2,3-dimethyl substituents or which were derivatives of isoindolines and lacked the carbonyl groups.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 3-O-alkyl and 3-O-haloalkyl-D-glucoses]

A series of 3-O-alkyl and 3-O-haloalkyl-D-glucoses were prepared from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. The compounds with C12 and C14-alkyl chains were the most effective in vitro antibacterial screening, among 3-O-alkyl and 3-O-haloalkyl derivatives. The 3-O-alkyl derivatives were more effective than 3-O-haloalkyl derivatives.     

In vitro metabolism of 5,8-dideazafolates and 5,8-dideazaisofolates by mammalian folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase

The in vitro metabolism of a variety of 5,8-dideazafolate and 5,8-dideazaisofolate analogues by pig liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase and the specificity of the enzyme for some polyglutamate derivatives of these analogues have been investigated. All 4-oxo-quinazoline analogues were metabolized to long chain polyglutamate derivatives, primarily the pentaglutamate, whereas 4-amino-quinazolines were metabolized to a lesser extent, with the accumulation of di- and triglutamate derivatives. This pattern of metabolism was consistent with the large drop in Vmax/Km and Vmax values for folylpolyglutamate synthetase observed with diglutamate derivatives of 4-aminofolate analogues. The extent of metabolism of the various analogues did not correlate with the relative substrate effectiveness of their parent monoglutamate derivatives. The 5-chloro and 5-methyl substitutions of quinazolines enhanced the addition of glutamate residues to 4-amino derivatives but markedly impaired the metabolism of 4-oxo derivatives.     

The oral hypoglycemic activity of 2,5-dioxamide derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole

Dioxamide derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole, synthesized earlier by Oke (1986), were screened for hypoglycemic activity. Alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were used in the study. The structure-activity relationship of the dioxamide derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole is discussed. The study shows that the dioxamide derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole are more potent and of longer duration of action when compared with the oxamide derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole, which were previously reported by Oke and Cherynk (1981).     

Chemical modification of spiramycins. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3'- or 4'-de-N-methylspiramycin I and their N-substituted derivatives

The 3'- and 4'-de-N-methylspiramycins were synthesized selectively, and then were converted to various N-substituted derivatives. 4'-De-N-methyl derivatives were more active than 3'-de-N-methyl ones. Among the derivatives, 4'-N-Fmoc-glycyl and 4'-N-benzyl-4'-de-N-methylspiramycin I were the most active in vitro, and were comparable to spiramycin I. 4'-De-N-methylspiramycin I was about half as active as spiramycin I in vivo.