腭裂伴有分泌性中耳炎的研究进展

分泌性中耳炎是致儿童听力下降最常见的原因.由于腭裂患儿腭帆张肌及腭帆提肌在中线未闭合、肌力弱,导致咽鼓管不能正常开放与关闭,从而严重影响咽鼓管的功能,导致发生一系列的中耳疾病.分泌性中耳炎在腭裂患儿中较普遍.腭裂患儿的分泌性中耳炎具有不易自愈,治疗棘手、并发症以及后遗症多等特点,进一步影响患儿的语言、智力以及感受力的发育.现将近年腭裂伴分泌性中耳炎的流行病学、发病机制、治疗及预后等方面的研究进展作一综述.     

腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎的研究进展

腭裂是分泌性中耳炎高危因素,腭裂患儿由于咽鼓管功能障碍,分泌性中耳炎的发病率极高,听力障碍十分普遍。因此,腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎患儿的耳科优化管理历来是耳鼻咽喉科关注的重点,早期诊断和适时干预以及持续随访不仅可以避免听力损失,还可以改善远期听力和语言发育,提高腭裂患儿的生活质量。目前就腭裂合并分泌性中耳炎的最新研究进展做一综述。     

咽鼓管置管术与鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效比较

目的比较咽鼓管置管术与鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,为分泌性中耳炎的治疗方式提供依据。方法 将71例（86耳）分泌性中耳炎患者随机分成实验组（36例,44耳）与对照组（35例,42耳）。实验组在鼻内镜直视下行咽鼓管置管术,每日;中洗后鼓室注药治疗;对照组行鼓膜切开并置管。术后随访6个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈21耳（47．73％）,显效19耳（43．18％）,无效4耳（9.09％）。对照组治愈12耳（28．57％）,显效17耳（40．48％）,无效13耳（30．95％）。实验组治疗有效率为90．91％,显著高于对照组69．05％（P〈0．05）,实验组治疗后平均听阈为20．95dB,显著好于对照组28．25dB（P〈0．01）。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术疗效明显优于鼓膜置管术,联合药物管腔内注入可有效恢复咽鼓管功能,且避免了鼓膜损伤,符合微创原则,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的理想选择。     

鼓膜置管术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎34例疗效分析

分泌性中耳炎是耳科临床上较常见的疾病,鼓膜置管术治疗慢性渗出性中耳炎已被广泛应用,其治疗效果已被认可。我科从1999年10月~2006年6月,对34例(39耳)保守治疗无效的慢性分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者行鼓膜置管术治疗,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料1常州市中医医院耳鼻咽喉科(     

新生儿及婴儿期腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎的发病情况

目的：了解新生儿及婴儿期腭裂患儿发生分泌性中耳炎（SOM）和听力损失情况,探讨其中耳功能障碍的发病时间规律及SOM早期预测方法。方法：出生后1～2周行听性脑干反应（ABR）筛查,无感音神经性聋的73例新生儿及婴儿腭裂患儿,在婴儿期于每月龄末行ABR和声导抗检查。结合鼓室导抗图形、静态声顺值、镫骨肌声反射和ABR波V阈值作为SOM的判断指标;以ABR波V阈值作为2～4kHz范围的听损伤分级标准。结果：73例（146耳）腭裂患儿发生疑似SOM,发生率为100％,均于出生后6个月内发生,平均发生年龄为2．5月龄。其中115耳（78．8％）1岁内发生SOM,平均发病年龄为5．4月龄,出生后6个月时为相对发病高峰期;SOM的前驱期平均为3．8个月。婴儿期腭裂患儿56．2％会出现不同程度的听力损伤,ABR波V阈值平均为48．6dBnHL。结论：婴儿期腭裂患儿SOM发病率高,可引起听力损失,严重影响中耳功能,其发生呈渐进性过程;作为发生中耳功能障碍的高危人群,出生后1个月时应行听力检查,每2～3个月定期复查,无条件者至少6～12个月进行耳科检查,以早期发现、及时诊断。     

鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎22例报告

分泌性中耳炎可致中耳腔积液,鼓膜内陷、耳闷、耳聋,其特点是分泌物粘稠,不易抽出或排净,易反复发作或久治不愈.经鼓膜放置引流管,引流通气治疗22例,2～4年无复发.     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探索有效治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎患者63例（78耳）随机分成两组：实验组：在鼻内镜下,对31例（38耳）分泌性中耳炎患者行咽鼓管置管术,留管并反复注药治疗;对照组：对32例（40耳）患者使用传统的鼓膜切开置管术治疗,术后随访6～9个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈16耳,占42．1％,好转18耳,占47．4％,总有效率89．5％：对照组：治愈8耳,占20．0％,好转21耳,占52.5％,总有效率72．5％。治疗后两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在鼻内镜下行咽鼓管置管术是在直视下操作,通过咽鼓管的自然通道插入导管,不仅避免了损伤鼓膜,也避免了咽鼓管吹张的重复操作,为临床治疗分泌性中耳炎提供了一个良好途径。     

分泌性中耳炎及鼓室置管治疗的并发症

分泌性中耳炎(OME)是以中耳积液和听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎症性疾病。急性OME一般预后良好,但对慢性或反复发作性的OME,若不及时正确地治疗,会导致一些并发症的发生;另外在临床工作中,OME的手术治疗———鼓室置管术,也存在多种并发症。这些并发症在治疗上较OME本身更加困难,且效果不佳,给患者造成极大痛苦,因此深入地认识这些并发症,了解各种并发症的原因及转归,有重要的临床意义。1 OME的并发症OME是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病、多发病,儿童发病率较高,大约80%的儿童曾患过OME,是儿童听力下降和语言障碍的重要原因。大部分O…     

鼓室注射治疗分泌性中耳炎

本文应用回顾性分析方法讨论分泌性中耳炎鼓室注射的临床治疗效果。1资料与方法1.1临床资料。以2002年8月～2005年8月93例(129耳)反复发作的分泌性中耳炎患者作为研究对象,所有患者临床资料完整。入选标准:①不同程度耳闷,耳阻塞感,听力下     

Otitis media with effusion in children with cleft lip and palate: A narrative review

Objective

Repair surgery of cleft lip and palate (CLP) can produce satisfactory cosmetic results but the problem of recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) secondary to CLP may persist. This can cause long-term hearing loss and affect linguistic, academic, and personal development. The aim of this review is to provide the most recent information regarding OME in children with CLP.

Methods

All papers referring to children with CLP and OME were identified from searches in Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Abstracts were read and relevant papers were obtained. Additional studies were obtained from the references of the selected articles.

Results

Both current and previous research on OME in children with CLP focused on the controversy over treatment strategies. Evidence on the optimal treatment for OME in CLP children was lacking. Ventilation tube surgery using the same anesthetic as lip or palate procedures was not well-supported. After summarizing the literature review, a flowchart of management guidance for such patients is also recommended. Updated reviews such as this will provide clinicians and patients/parents with a valuable reference.

Conclusions

The lack of evidence on the optimal treatment for OME in children with CLP should prompt a relatively conservative approach. However, only a consensus between patients/parents and surgeons regarding the most suitable treatment strategy for OME can ensure the greatest benefit to individual patients.     

Clinical outcomes of otitis media with effusion following palatoplasty in patients with incomplete cleft palate

Background: Diagnosis and treatment strategies for CP with OME and the timing of ear tube insertion remain controversial.

Objectives: To analyze the clinical outcomes of otitis media with effusion in children with incomplete cleft palate after palatoplasty prospectively.

Methods: A total of 30 children (10 months–2 years old) with incomplete CP were enrolled in this study and received at least 6 months of follow-up evaluations after palatoplasty.

Results: The overall improvement rate of OME was as high as 26% in this group. Average air conduction hearing threshold was significantly better than that before surgery in the 8 patients with improved OME (p?<?.05). Among the 8 children with improved OME, 7 (87.5%) were found to have middle ear effusion that improved within 6 months after CP repair. There was no significant difference in the improvement rate between the severe degree II group and the mild group.

Conclusion: A 6-month follow-up period is recommended. The severity of incomplete CP is not fully related to the function of the eustachian tube.

Significance: The overall improvement rate was as high as 26%, and effusion in the tympanic cavity subsided in 7 out of 8 cases within 6 months after the CP repair.     

Sequelae of otitis media with effusion among children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate1

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common among children with cleft palate, and may lead to such long‐term consequences as hearing loss, tympanic membrane retraction, and chronic otitis media (COM). In total, 104 children with cleft lip and/or palate treated for OME at our institution were reviewed. Mean duration of follow‐up was 6.9 years, and mean age at latest follow‐up was 9.6 years. The incidence of COM was 19%, and the incidence of cholesteatoma was 1.9%. Ears showing such long‐term sequelae of OME as hearing loss, tympanic membrane retraction, and chronic otitis media, were noted to have undergone a significantly greater number of ventilation tube insertions than ears not showing these sequalae. Our findings would suggest that a conservative approach to the management of OME in children with cleft palate is more likely to be beneficial in the long term.     

Treatment of persistent middle ear effusion in cleft palate patients

Objectives

The goals of the research project are to learn how to individualize otologic care for cleft palate patients and to be able to counsel families of children with cleft palate on the benefit of tympanostomy tubes, hearing issues and risks of multiple sets of tubes.

Methods

The study is a retrospective chart review. Patients with a cleft palate with or without a cleft lip born between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005 referred to the Connecticut Children's Medical Center Craniofacial Department were included in the study. The patients were offered individualized ear surgery (PE tube placement) only if persistent middle ear fluid was present for over 3 months with a conductive hearing impairment. The primary outcome measures included the newborn hearing screening results, number of ear tube surgeries, and complications of PE tube insertion.

Results

There were 86 patients with cleft palate spectrum with or without cleft lip (45 females and 41 males). Twelve had undocumented newborn hearing evaluations. Of the 74 evaluable results, 61 (82%) passed the newborn hearing screening, 8 (11%) failed and 5 (7%) were inconclusive. By 5 years old, 84 (98%) patients received at least one set of ear tubes for persistent middle ear fluid with conductive hearing impairment, while 2 received no tubes (2%). Of those who received ear tubes, the range was 1-6 with a mean of 1.7. Twelve patients (14%) had tympanosclerosis. Eight patients (9%) had eardrum perforation. One patient had myringoincudopexy. Of the 86 patients, 12 had undocumented newborn hearing evaluations. Of the 74 evaluable results, 61 (82%) passed the newborn hearing screening, 8 (11%) failed and 5 (7%) were inconclusive.

Conclusions

(1) The majority of children born with cleft palate do not have middle ear fluid at birth. (2) Most children with cleft palate will likely develop persistent middle ear fluid with conductive hearing loss. Risks of complications from ear tubes in cleft palate patients are few and manageable using standard sized ear tubes.     

Lymphangioma of the middle ear and mastoid simulating chronic otitis media with effusion

Lymphangiomas are benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. Middle ear lymphangioma is extremely rare entity. A 14-year-old male patient with otitis media with effusion, which was previously diagnosed to be middle ear and mastoid lymphangioma, was treated. There were no cerebrospinal fluid fistula, solitary mass, and meningitis findings. All properties of chronic otitis media with effusion were present in that case. This case is unique with these clinical properties. Middle ear and/or mastoid lymphangioma should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of chronic middle ear effusions.     

微波治疗对儿童分泌性中耳炎转归的影响

目的：探讨微波治疗对儿童分泌性中耳炎转归的影响。方法:将2003年10月～2005 年10月收治的152例分泌性中耳炎患儿按治疗方法分为微波组78例（86耳）,对照组74例（84耳）,对其结果进行分析;并对微波组78例（86耳）患儿按病程、年龄分组比较。结果:微波组有效率 75.6%,对照组51.2%,两组疗效有统计学差异（P＜0.01）;微波组疗效与病程、年龄有关。结论:微波治疗对儿童分泌性中耳炎的转归有积极作用,病程越短,疗效越好,12岁以下儿童疗效优于12岁以上儿童。     

分泌性中耳炎中耳积液嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白与IgE测定

目的：通过测量分泌性中耳炎（OME）患者中耳积液中嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（MECP）、中耳积液IgE（MIgE）及血ECP（SECP）的含量,进一步探讨OME发病机制与变态反应的关系。方法：对31例OME患者,用Uni-CAP-100型变应原体外检测系统分别测量MECP、MIgE及SECP含量,得出结果并统计学处理。结果：31例OME患者检测到MECP均值为56．88μg／L,明显升高9例,占28．1％;MIgE均值为27．2ku／L,明显升高3例,占9．7％。MECP与MIgE呈正相关（P〈0．05）;SECP均值为5．6μg／L。结论：ECP存在于OME的鼓室积液中,部分OME是中耳的局限性变态反应炎性过程。OME发病过程中存在着复杂的变态反应机制。