3,6-[二甲氨基]-二苯骈碘因甲酸盐对豚鼠单—心室肌细胞动作电位和慢内向钙电流的影响

采用全细胞电压钳技术,观察了3,6-[二甲氨基]-二苯骈碘因甲酸盐(IHC-64)对豚鼠单一心室肌细胞动作电位和慢内向钙电流(I_si)的影响。结果表明,IHC-64 20和200 μmol/L可明显缩短APD₂₀和APD₉₀。予先给予钙通道阻滞剂尼索地平可取消IHC-64缩短APD₂₀的作用。在电压钳条件下,上述浓度的IHC-64对I_si有明显的抑制作用,I_si由给药前的1.92±0.41 nA分别降低至给药后1.73±0.50 nA(P<0.05)和0.62±0.38 nA(P<0.01).提示IHC-64可能对心肌细胞钙通道有阻滞作用。     

异紫堇啡碱对家兔窦房结及豚鼠心室肌动作电位的作用

用细胞内固定微电极技术观察了异紫堇啡碱(isocorydine)对家兔窦房结电活动、豚鼠心室肌动作电位及Ba²⁺诱发的豚鼠心室肌自发电活动的作用。结果表明,异紫堇啡碱能使窦房结细胞APA,SP₀,SP₄减小、APD₉₀延长、自律性降低。3 μM异紫堇啡碱能使心室肌细胞的APD₅₀,APD₉₀和ERP延长,300μM异紫堇啡碱则使心室肌细胞APD₅₀和APD₉₀缩短,但不缩短ERP,使ERP相对延长。300μM异紫茧啡碱亦能明显抑制Ba²⁺诱发的心室肌自发电活动。     

肉毒碱对兔在体缺血心室肌细胞动作电位的影响

本实验观察了人工合成肉毒碱d,1-carnitine盐酸盐(VBt)对在位兔心急性心肌缺血早期左室肌细胞动作电位的影响。阻断冠脉引起动作电位振幅(APA)和零期最大除极速度(dv/dt)明显降低以及复极50%时程(APD₅₀)和复极90%时程(APD₉₀)明显缩短。VBt有延长心室肌细胞动作电位时程的作用(P<0.01),并能显著减轻缺血心肌细胞的APD₅₀和APD₉₀的缩短程度,但对APA和dv/dt的缺血性变化则无明显改善。     

三七中人参三醇甙对羊心浦氏纤维动作电位及延迟整流钾电流的影响

三七中人参三醇甙(PTS)2.5μg/ml及5.0μg/ml均能明显延长羊心浦氏纤维动作电位时程(APD)包括APD₃₀,APD₅₀,APD₉₀,对动作电位幅度(APA)无明显影响。双微电极法电压钳实验证明,PTS能明显抑制羊心浦氏纤维延迟整流钾电流(I_x)的峰值,且此种抑制作用呈时间及剂量依赖性。揭示PTS通过阻滞延迟整流钾通道而延长APD。     

牛磺酸镁配合物对获得性长QT综合征模型的抗心律失常作用研究

目的 研究牛磺酸镁配合物（TMCC）对获得性长QT综合征（LQTS）模型的抗心律失常作用及作用机制。方法 采用Langendorff逆行主动脉灌流酶解法,急性分离获得豚鼠单个心室肌细胞;建立表达KCNQ1/KCNE1基因的HEK293细胞模型。色原烷醇293B （5 μmol/L）用来建立LQTS模型,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录TMCC （0.01、0.10、1.00 mmol/L）对正常和LQTS模型豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和缓慢激活延迟整流外向钾通道（I_Ks）电流的影响。结果 色原烷醇293B可以显著延长50%和90%复极化动作电位持续时间（APD₅₀和APD₉₀）,0.01、0.10、1.00 mmol/L TMCC可以显著减弱色原烷醇293B延长APD₅₀和APD₉₀的作用（P<0.05、0.01）。TMCC （0.01、0.10、1.00 mmol/L）对抗色原烷醇293B对I_Ks电流的抑制作用,减弱色原烷醇293B对I-V曲线的下移,0.1、1.0 mmol/L浓度组显著减弱色原烷醇293B对I_Ks电流的抑制作用（P<0.01）,呈现对抗LQTS的作用。结论 TMCC通过缩短动作电位复极时程,增大被抑制的I_Ks电流,发挥一定的抗LQTS的作用。     

硫酸锌对心肌慢反应电活动和哇巴因引起振荡后电位的影响

本文目的旨在观察硫酸锌对心肌慢反应电活动的影响,所得结果如下:(1) 0.1～0.3mmol硫酸锌能使高钾除极引起的豚鼠乳头肌慢反应动作电位APA和V_max降低,APD₅₀和APD₉₀)显著延长;(2) 0.1～0.3 mmol硫酸锌能抑制家兔离体窦房结细胞的自律性,使窦房结APA降低,APD₉₀延长,SP₀和SP₄减小;(3) 0.1 mmol硫酸锌可对抗0.4μmol哇巴因诱发的豚鼠心室肌振荡后电位,提高引起振荡后电位的哇巴因阈浓度。提示:锌抑制心肌慢反应电活动。     

前胡丙素对培养乳鼠心肌细胞自发性收缩及动作电位的影响

用倒置显微镜闭路电视系统及细胞内标准微电极法,记录培养心肌细胞的自发性收缩及动作电位,结果发现:应用Pra-C5min后,心肌细胞收缩频率及细胞边缘运动的速度同时下降。Pra-C10,30和100μmol·L^-1剂量依赖性的方式抑制心肌细胞的收缩速度,分别抑制24%,43%和50%。pra-C(10和30μmol·L^-1)显示了抑制心肌细胞收缩频率的作用,分别抑制13%和19%。Nif3μmol.L^-1分别缩短APD₅₀和APD₉₀14%及17%,但同样浓度的verapatmil则抑制APA27%,缩短APD₅₀8%,分别延长APD90及SCL10%和43%。Pra-C10,30和100μmol·L^-1缩短APD₅₀7%,14%和18%。Pra-C100μmol·L^-1有抑制APA及延长SCL的作用。结果提示,Pra-C对心肌细胞收缩及动作电位的作用可能与其阻滞Ca²⁺通道有关。     

白细胞介素2对大鼠心肌主动及被动电特性的影响

目的　了解白细胞介素对心脏电特性的影响。方法　在大鼠右心室乳头肌标本上,用玻璃微电极技术,观察白细胞介素2 (IL-2 )对心肌动作电位和被动电特性的影响。结果　IL-2使心肌动作电位时程(APD₅₀和APD₈₀)缩短,对静息电位、动作电位幅度和0期去极化最大速度无显著作用;IL-2引起乳头肌心肌细胞空间常数和时间常数增加,细胞内阻降低。结论　IL-2可改变大鼠心肌的主、被动电特性     

苄基四氢巴马汀细胞内用药对豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位和心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的　研究将苄基四氢巴马汀(BTHP)导入细胞内对豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位及单个心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的影响。方法　利用外加电压脉冲将药物导入乳头状肌细胞内，并用标准微电极方法测定动作电位；利用浓度差扩散方式使药物进入单个心室肌细胞内，采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录延迟整流钾电流（I_K）。结果　100 μmol.L^-1 BTHP使APD₂₀和APD₉₀分别延长13.5%和20.5%。30 μmol.L^-1 BTHP使I_K和I_K,tail分别从（14.1±2.2) pA.pF^-1和(4.0±0.6) pA.pF^-1降至(9.4±1.3) pA.pF^-1和(2.1±1.0) pA.pF^-1，下降率分别为33.2%和35.3%。 该药使I_K和I_K,tail的I-V曲线幅度降低，对曲线形状影响不明显。结论　BTHP入细胞内后可阻滞延迟整流钾电流和延长动作电位时程。     

阿米洛利对甲状腺素诱发大鼠肥厚心肌的作用

目的：观察阿米洛利对L-甲状腺素引起大鼠心肌肥厚的作用。方法：大鼠ip L-甲状腺素造成心肌肥厚模型后,用形态学方法观察不同剂量阿米洛利对肥厚心肌的作用; 用标准微电极技术记录大鼠右心室肥厚乳头状肌动作电位及低剂量阿米洛利对动作电位诸参数的影响。结果：此心肌肥厚模型能造成心肌肥厚的形态学变化及心肌电生理特性变化（尤其是对APD_20,50,90的影响）,低剂量阿米洛利能改善肥厚心肌的形态学变化,并能抑制肥厚乳头状肌动作电位时程（APD₂₀）的延长。结论：低剂量的阿米洛利确能抑制L-甲状腺素引起的心肌肥厚,改善肥厚心肌的电生理变化。     

Electrophysiological effects of EGIS-7229, a new antiarrhythmic agent, in isolated mammalian and human cardiac tissues

The cellular electrophysiological effects of EGIS-7229 (5-chlor-4-[N-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl-ethyl)-amino-propylamino]-3(2H)-pyridazinone fumarate), a novel antiarrhythmic agent, was studied using conventional microelectrode techniques in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers and papillary muscle preparations obtained from man, rabbits and guinea pigs. Low concentration of EGIS-7229 (3 μmol/l) selectively lengthened action potential duration (both APD₅₀ and APD₉₀) in all preparations. The effect of higher concentrations (30–100 μmol/l) of EGIS-7229 on action potential duration was variable depending on the preparation studied: in rabbit and human papillary muscles both APD₅₀ and APD₉₀ were lengthened, in canine Purkinje fibers APD₉₀ was lengthened but APD₅₀ was shortened, while in guinea pig papillary muscles both APD₅₀ and APD₉₀ were shortened by high concentrations of the drug. At these higher concentrations EGIS-7229 also decreased the maximum velocity of action potential upstroke (V _max) and depressed the plateau of action potentials without affecting the resting membrane potential or action potential amplitude. Both reduction of V _max and lengthening of APD were frequency dependent. The former effect was more prominent at higher pacing frequencies, while the latter was more pronounced at lower driving rates. In guinea pig papillary muscle, the time constant of recovery from V _max-block was 719 ± 33 ms (n = 18) and the rate of onset of the block was 1.81 ± 0.06 AP^–1 (n = 16) in the presence of 100 μmol/l EGIS-7229. EGIS-7229 had a complex action on refractoriness in guinea pig papillary muscles: ERP was lengthened at low concentrations (3 to 10 μmol/l), unchanged at 30 μmol/l and shortened at 100 μmol/l. The ratio of ERP/APD₉₀, however, was significantly increased at concentrations higher than 3 μmol/l. In canine Purkinje fiber, when the delayed rectifier K current (I_K) was blocked by d-sotalol (60 μmol/l) and APD was shortened back to its control value by additional application of nicorandil (15 μmol/l), APD was not affected by 3 μmol/l but was shortened by 30 μmol/l of EGIS-7229. 100 μmol/l EGIS-7229 shortened APD in guinea pig papillary muscle. This effect of EGIS-7229 was effectively prevented by nifedipine pretreatment (10 μmol/l). In this preparation, EGIS-7229 also decreased the V _max of the slow action potential, evoked in the presence of 20 mmol/l external K⁺ plus 0.5 mmol/l Ba²⁺. It is likely that EGIS-7229 at low concentrations blocks I_K in human, canine, rabbit and guinea pig cardiac preparations, but at higher concentrations also inhibits Ca and Na currents. Therefore, EGIS-7229 appears to carry mixed class III, IV and IB antiarrhythmic properties. Received: 8 July 1996 / Accepted: 23 October 1996     

Cellular electrophysiological effects of MS-551, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent

The cellular electrophysiological effects of MS-551, a pure class III antiarrhythmic agent lacking beta-blocking activity, were compared with those of d-sotalol and dofetilide in canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscles and in guinea pig atrial muscles using the standard microelectrode technique. MS-551 prolonged the action potential duration (APD) of these cardiac tissues to the same extent in a concentration-dependent manner (10^?6?10^?4 M). MS-551 did not affect other action potential parameters of these tissues except for the V_max, which was depressed approximately 10% at 10^?4 M MS-551. The extents of prolongation after 10^?5 M of MS-551 were 36, 27, and 35% for canine Purkinje and ventricular muscle and guinea pig atrial muscle, respectively. d-Stalol at a concentration 10 times higher than MS-551 produced a similar prolongation of the APD of canine cardiac tissues but only a slight prolongation of the APD of guinea pig atrial muscles. Dofetilide at a concentration 30 times lower than MS-551 produced a prolongation of the APD of canine Purkinje fibers but a relatively slight prolongation of the APD of both canine ventricular muscles and guinea pig atrial muscles. In canine Purkinje fibers, MS-551 did not prevent the APD shortening induced by high extracellular potassium (8 and 12 mM), but the APD under these conditions was lengthened compared with controls. Under simulated ischemic conditions (pO₂ 25–30 mmHg, pH 6.5, extracellular K 8 mM and no glucose) for 30 min, the APD was abruptly shortened during the first 5 min, then gradually shortened further up until 30 min. MS-551 did not prevent the abrupt APD shortening, but slowed the later gradual shortening. The APD prolonging action of MS-551 was enhanced at low frequency. These data indicate that (1) MS-551 is a pure class III antiarrhythmic agent with electrophysiological characteristics basically similar to d-sotalol and dofetilide; (2) MS-551 has a relatively greater potency in guinea pig atrial muscle than d-sotalol and dofetilide; (3) the APD prolonging action of MS-551 is preserved under high K⁺ or simulated ischemic conditions; and (4) MS-551 exhibits a reverse use-dependence in prolonging APD. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Electrophysiological effects of Gallanilide on cardiac ventricular and Purkinje fibers

The effects of gallanilide on action potentials were studied in swine ventricular muscles, Purkinje fibers, and guinea pig papillary muscles by conventional microelectrode techniques. Gallanilide (1–10 μM) prolonged the action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) in ventricular muscles and Purkinje fibers. The ratio of ERP/APD₉₀ increased. The slopes of phase 1 and phase 3 of action potential were flattened. Gallanilide (10 μM) decreased the maximal rising rate and amplitude of the action potential. The depressant effect on the maximal rising rate was frequency-dependent. These results suggest that gallanilide possesses both class I and III antiarrhythmic actions, which may be the electrophysiological basis of its antiarrhythmic effect. Drug Dev. Res. 40:94–98, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Electrophysiologic properties of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in canine cardiac conducting tissues in vitro and in vivo.

The centrally-acting analgesic, d-propoxyphene, and its N-desmethyl metabolite, d-norpropoxyphene, depressed cardiac conduction in canine myocardial tissues in vitro and in vivo. In Purkinje fibers superfused with propoxyphene or norpropoxyphene (10^?6–10^?4m), there was a decrease in the maximal rate of rise of the upstroke of the action potential (V?_max) and a decrease in total action potential duration and cellular refractoriness. Both agents decreased the amplitude of the compound action potential recorded from isolated rat sympathetic trunk. A significant correlation was shown between the depression of Purkinje fiber V?_max and local anesthetic activity in vitro for propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene, and several typical membrane-active antidysrhythmic agents. In isolated guinea pig atria, both agents (10^?6–10^?4m) decreased sinus frequency and contractility. In conscious dogs both agents (2.1–21 μmol/kg, iv) prolonged P-R interval of the ECG. His bundle electrograms recorded in anesthetized dogs revealed a 10% prolongation in H-V and A-H intervals by norproxyphene in doses of 7.5±2.8 and 6.6±1.3 μmol/kg, respectively. The corresponding values for propoxyphene were 17.1±1.2 and 3.7±0.4 μmol/kg. These observations suggest that cardiac conduction depression may be a factor in some of the cardiac toxicities associated with propoxyphene overdosage.     

莲心碱对心肌慢反应动作电位及慢内向电流的影响

莲心碱(Lien)10～100μmol/L可浓度依赖性地降低离体兔窦房结(SAN)起搏细胞慢反应动作电位幅度(APA)及零相最大上升速率(V_max),延长窦性周长(SCL),并可明显拮抗Bay K 8644增大SAN起搏细胞及高K⁺诱发的豚鼠乳头肌慢反应动作电位的APA和(V_max)作用。Lien 1～100 μmol/L还可浓度依赖性地抑制犬浦氏纤维慢内向电流(I_si),3和100μmol/L分别使I_si峰值下降14和88%。结果表明Lien具有抗钙作用。     

Electrophysiological effects of GYKI-23 107, a new antiarrhythmic compound, in isolated rabbit and canine cardiac preparations

The cellular cardiac electrophysiological effects of GYKI-23 107 (1-/2,6-dimethylamino/-2-dimethylaminopropane dihydrochloride), a new investigational antiarrhythmic drug, were studied in rabbit and canine ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. For comparison, mexiletine was used. GYKI-23 107, like mexiletine, did not affect the resting membrane potential and slightly reduced the action potential amplitude in both fiber types. The time for repolarization was shortened, but the ratio of effective refractory period to action potential duration was increased by both drugs. The maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) was depressed by the drugs in a frequency-dependent ("use-dependent") manner. GYKI-23 107 slowed the recovery kinetics of Vmax in the canine ventricular muscle (Tc = 229.9 +/- 5.6 ms; n = 7) and Purkinje fiber (Tc = 149.6 +/- 33.8 ms; n = 7) in the same way as mexiletine. The kinetics of restitution of action potential duration during premature and postmature stimulation were slowed to similar degrees in the presence of both GYKI-23 107 and mexiletine in canine Purkinje fibers. It is concluded that, on the basis of its cardiac cellular electrophysiological effects, GYKI-23 107 can be categorized as a class Ib antiarrhythmic agent.     

Electrophysiologic effects of ambasilide (LU 47110), a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, on the properties of isolated rabbit and canine cardiac muscle.

Electrophysiologic effects of ambasilide in canine isolated cardiac muscle driven at 1 Hz and in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node preparations were determined by standard microelectrode technique. Ambasilide (10(-7)-10(-5) M) produced concentration-dependent increases in action potential duration measured at -80 mV (APD-80) repolarization time in canine ventricular muscle and in Purkinje fibers. APD measured at -20 mV (APD-20) was also increased in ventricular muscle, but it shortened with 10(-5) M in Purkinje fibers; at this concentration, there was a negligible change in the amplitude and the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of action potentials and in the resting membrane potential. With the stimulation frequency between 30/min and 120/min, ambasilide (10(-5) M) produced a parallel increase in APD-80 as well as in APD-20 of ventricular muscle. In Purkinje fibers, the prolonging effect of ambasilide on APD-80 was more pronounced at lower stimulation frequency, whereas APD-20 shortened at all stimulation frequencies. Ambasilide at 10(-5) M also produced a prolongation of the effective refractory period (ERP) in Purkinje fibers. The drug produced no significant change in the frequency-dependent relationship between ERP and APD-80. A small but significant frequency-dependent inhibition of Vmax was noted in both ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. When the stimulus cycle length was reduced from 1,000 to 300 ms, Vmax in ventricular muscle decreased by 8.4 +/- 3.4% in control solution but by 22.6 +/- 5.6% after 10(-5) M ambasilide (n = 8, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Electrophysiological actions of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidine-acetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate (SUN 1165), a new antiarrhythmic agent

The electrophysiological actions of SUN 1165 on isolated guinea pig atrial and papillary muscles, canine Purkinje fibers, and rabbit sinoatrial node were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. SUN 1165 in low (10(-7) g/ml) concentration had little effect on any of the action potential parameters measured. Intermediate (10(-6) g/ml) concentration of the compound shortened the duration of action potential of canine Purkinje fibers and increased ratio of the effective refractory period to the duration of action potential at 90% repolarization in guinea pig atrial muscles. At high (10(-5) g/ml) concentration, the compound reduced the maximum rate of rise of phase 0 in guinea pig atrial, papillary muscles, and canine Purkinje fibers, though the change in the latter was not statistically significant, and also decreased the action potential amplitude in guinea pig atrial muscles and canine Purkinje fibers. At all concentrations (10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml) tested, the compound exerted little effect both on spontaneous action potentials in rabbit sinoatrial node cells and on Ca2+-mediated slow responses in partially depolarized guinea pig papillary muscles. These results indicate that SUN 1165 may selectively inhibit cardiac sodium channels and is likely to be of value in correcting not only ventricular but also supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.     

Characterization of depolarization induced by palytoxin and grayanotoxin-I in isolated cardiac tissues from dogs and guinea pigs

The mode of depolarizing action of palytoxin (PTX) was compared with that of grayanotoxin-I (GTX-I) to examine the site of action of PTX in cardiac tissues isolated from dogs and guinea pigs: PTX at above 1 X 10(-10) mol/l depolarized the membrane of canine Purkinje fibres, canine and guinea-pig ventricular muscles regardless of stimulation. The PTX-induced depolarization was resistant to 1 X 10(-5) mol/l tetrodotoxin (TTX) but was attenuated by low Na medium. GTX-I at 1 X 10(-5) mol/l depolarized the membrane of ventricular muscles from dogs and guinea pigs only when they were stimulated. Although GTX-I caused depolarization in Purkinje fibres in both stimulated and rested conditions, the effect was greater in stimulated fibres. In the presence of GTX-I, ventricular muscles generated long-lasting action potentials as a response to stimuli. TTX antagonized the GTX-I-action. After treatment of PTX, GTX-I still induced the long-lasting action potential and TTX could antagonize it. Ouabain at 1 X 10(-6) or 3 X 10(-6) mol/l partially inhibited the PTX-induced depolarization in guinea-pig papillary muscles. The data suggest that the TTX-sensitive Na channel is intact after treatment with PTX and that PTX acts on a site different from the Na channel, possibly on the Na+, K+-ATPase in cardiac cells.