固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

固定矫治对错(牙合)患者口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Objective To assess oral health-related quality of life in patients with fixed appliances.Methods Orthodontic patients were asked to complete the scale of general conditions(Chinese version,questionnaire 1)and oral health impact profile(OHIP)-14(Chinese version,questionnaire 2).Baseline data were collected at first visit and thereafter.The subjects finished questionnaire 2 at the 1st week,4th week,12th week and 24th week,respectively,after the fixed appliance was bonded.Data were analyzed to evaluate the various sample groups with different personal information and clinical parameters.Results were collated and analyzed using software package SPSS version 15.0.Results The most common negative effect was physical pain[55/222(27.8%)]and psychological discomfort[40/222(18.0%)],mainly in the first month.The total scores at five time points were 3,10,7,5 and 4,respectively.No difference was found in quality of life in patients between sixth month with fixed appliance and without appliance(P＞0.05).Age and education status affected the quality of life(P＜0.001).Conclusions Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy affected patients' oral health-related quality of life during treatment.The quality of life in the first month of treatment was mostly compromised and was improved later.     

Effectiveness of diamond-impregnated felt wheels for polishing a hybrid composite

The effectiveness of diamond-impregnated felt wheels for polishing the surfaces of a fine-particle hybrid composite was studied in relation to different finishing methods. Standardised composite specimens were finished with one or a series of two or three finishing diamonds (particle size 30, 15 and 8 μm), one or two tungsten carbide finishing burs (12- and 30-fluted) or with a finishing diamond followed by a tungsten carbide bur. The final polishing of all specimens was done with the diamond-impregnated felt wheel Diafix α. Treatment with Sof-Lex discs after the use of a finishing diamond served as a polishing standard for comparison. Evaluation of the final surfaces was done with profilometry and by scanning electron microscopy. The profilometric results showed that the type of pretreatment was decisive for the quality of the final polishing. Nearly all surfaces polished by the diamond-impregnated felt wheels were smoother than those treated by the flexible discs (P<0.01). The lowest roughness data were recorded following a pretreatment with a finishing diamond and a tungsten carbide finishing bur. After appropriate pretreatment, the hybrid composite surface was sufficiently polished with the diamond-impregnated felt wheels.     

牙齿移动过程中牙槽骨显微结构动态变化的微型CT研究

Objective To observe the microstructure changes of rat alveolar bone around tooth root under orthodontic force loading. Methods Ten 10-week-old rats were included in the study. Upper first molars were moved mesially with 0.196 N of force. The alveolar bone around the root of upper first molar was scanned by a micro-computed tomography scan system(SkyScan-1076) in different period after the initiation of orthodontic force loading( on the 3rd, 7th, 14th day after force loading ) and analyzed by a speciallydesigned software to measure the microstructure parameters of alveolar bone ( bone volume fraction, bone surface to volume ratio, structure model index, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number). Results From the 7th day, bone volume fraction[(41±14)%], structure model index( 1.51 ±0. 52) and trabecular separation [(90 ± 30 ) μm] changed significantly in the compressive area compared with those[(64±15)%, (0.51 ±0.85), (56 ±-10) μm] on the 3rd day. From the 14th day, bone volume fraction[(78 ± 14)%], structure model index(0. 28 ± 0. 20) and trabecular separation[(29 ±13) μm] changed significantly in the tension area compared with those[(67 ± 14)%, (0.40 ±0.41 ),(48 ± 15) μm] on the 7th day. No difference on trabecular number was found between the compressive area and tension area(P ＞0. 05). Conclusions The significant resorption of the alveolar bone was observed on the 7th days in the compressive area and the deposition of the alveolar bone was observed on the 14th day in the compressive area after orthodontic force loading.     

Comparison of apatite-coated titanium prepared by blast coating and flame spray methods--evaluation using simulated body fluid and initial histological study

It has previously been demonstrated that apatite may be coated on the surface of titanium (Ti) at room temperature when the titanium is blasted with apatite powder. This method is known as the blast coating (BC) method. In this study, the osteoconductivity and tissue response to Ti implants blast-coated with apatite (BC implants) were evaluated using apatite-coated Ti implants produced using the flame spraying (FS) method (FS implants) and pure Ti implants as a control. Initial evaluation using simulated body fluid demonstrated higher osteoconductivity in BC implants than in FS implants. Therefore, specimens were implanted in rat tibias for 1, 3 and 6 weeks. At one week after implantation, BC implants showed much higher bone contact ratio when compared with FS implants; the bone contact ratio of BC implants was 75.7%, while the FS and pure Ti implants had ratios of 30.8% and 5.5%, respectively. The difference in bone contact ratio between BC and FS implants decreased with implantation time and the ratios were equal after 6 weeks. In conclusion, BC implants show higher osteoconductivity than FS implants, and thus BC implants are beneficial for early fixation of implants to bone tissue.     

种植术后放疗对兔胫骨种植体骨结合影响的实验研究

目的:探讨种植术后放疗对种植体周围骨密度、种植体骨结合的影响。方法:在16只日本大白兔双侧后肢胫骨同一位置各植入纯钛种植体1枚,2周后随机选取8只作为放疗组,一次性给予60Co15Gy剂量的放疗,余下8只作为对照组不接受放射治疗。通过大体观察、双能X线分析、组织形态学、骨计量学分析及骨-种植体磨片观察等手段,研究术后4、8、16、24周时种植体骨结合情况,应用F检验对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果:术后4周时放疗组种植体周围骨密度比未放疗组降低(P<0.05),种植体骨结合率也较未放疗组降低;术后8周时放疗组种植体周围出现明显的骨结合现象,相当于未放疗组术后4周时的水平;术后16周以后放疗组与未放疗组种植体周围骨密度及种植体骨结合率的差异无显著性。结论:放疗可在一段时间内延缓种植体周围骨的生长,降低骨种植体结合率。     

改良自攻性纯钛帽植入兔颅骨的动物模型研究

目的对传统的纯钛帽改良后植入兔颅骨,建立新的种植体表面处理研究的动物模型。方法运用数控机床对纯钛板进行机械加工,压制中空半球形钛帽,底部添加自攻性螺纹,顶部添加两个环形小孔。48个纯钛帽植入12只新西兰兔颅骨。选取观察时间点为2周、4周,6周。通过大体标本和牙科微型CT观察纯钛帽植入的稳定性,制作带金属不脱钙硬组织切片,观察纯钛帽植入兔颅骨的动物实验模型骨组织效应。结果手术过程中植入共48个纯钛帽,其中2个松动,松动率为4.17%;植入2、4、6周取材时,48个标本无松动,脱落。牙科微型CT结果显示,纯钛帽能够稳定在兔颅骨上。带金属不脱钙硬组织切片显示,新旧骨组织形成明显界限,周围骨组织长入纯钛帽底部的螺纹,嵌合良好。结论改良自攻性纯钛帽制作加工相对传统的钛帽工艺简单,稳定性良好,减少辅助固定装置,减少手术创伤,简化操作步骤,提高实验效率,可以用于研究种植体表面处理方式的动物模型。     

不同粗化处理对超细晶纯钛表面性能的影响

目的:研究不同粗化处理对超细晶纯钛表面性能及成骨细胞黏附和增殖的影响.方法:将超细晶纯钛棒切割为直径7 mm、厚度2mm的试件,按不同喷砂压力(0.2～0.8 MPa)分组,对其表面进行喷砂酸蚀处理,对照组为普通纯钛.通过表面形貌、粗糙度、亲水性研究材料的表面性能,然后将大鼠胚胎成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)接种到各组钛片表面,观察细胞初期黏附形态,测定其增殖密度.结果:超细晶纯钛粗化处理后,表面呈现出由喷砂和酸蚀所形成的大小不同的弹坑状双层结构.随着喷砂压力增大,超细晶纯钛表面坑孔直径和粗糙度逐渐增大,但二者均小于普通纯钛对照组(P＜0.05).超细晶纯钛亲水性也随喷砂压力变化而改变,当喷砂压力为0.6 MPa时表现出最佳表面亲水性能.接种细胞后,实验组细胞初期黏附形态优于对照组,当喷砂压力为0.6 MPa时细胞增殖密度最大.结论:对超细晶纯钛喷砂酸蚀处理,喷砂压力为0.6 MPa时,材料表面形貌优于普通纯钛,粗糙度适宜,亲水性良好,更有利于细胞黏附和增殖.     

二种阳极氧化电解液对钛表面细胞相容性的影响

目的:研究纯钛表面阳极氧化过程中电解液成份对其细胞相容性的影响。方法:在电流密度为70A/m2及200伏电压等条件下分别在0.03M甘油磷酸钙(Ca-GP)与0.15M醋酸钙混合液(混合组)及0.2M磷酸溶液中对纯钛样本表面进行阳极氧化处理。在阳极氧化及纯钛样本表面进行人类成骨细胞培养,以观察细胞毒性、细胞增殖及分化等细胞行为的改变。结果:细胞毒性试验结果表明,本研究中所用的电解液不会对阳极氧化后纯钛样本产生细胞毒性。所有样本表面经过1d、2d或4d细胞增殖培养后磷酸组与纯钛组之间没有显著性差异,而在0.03M甘油磷酸钙(Ca-GP)与0.15M醋酸钙混合液中进行阳极氧化处理后的纯钛样本,经过2d及4d成骨细胞培养后细胞增殖数量较纯钛组及磷酸组显著增高。细胞分化试验结果表明,除在4d时混合液组碱性磷酸酶活性较纯钛组及磷酸组显著性降低外,其余各组间无显著性差异。结论:对纯钛表面的阳极氧化处理过程中,电解液成份可对阳极氧化后纯钛表面的细胞相容性产生影响。     

Three-dimensional bone response to commercially pure titanium, hydroxyapatite, and calcium-ion-mixing titanium in rabbits

Three-dimensional bone response to 3 biomaterials--commercially pure titanium (Ti), hydroxyapatite (HA), and calcium-ion-mixing titanium (Ca-Ti)--embedded in the tibiae of rabbits was examined chronologically. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, and the percent bone volume around each implant was calculated from the implant surface to each of 4 measurements: 36 microns, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm in 2 regions (cortical bone and bone marrow regions). Percent bone volume in the cortical bone was consistent, whereas in the bone marrow region, the percent bone volume varied according to implant material, implantation period, and distance from the implant surface. With Ti implants the percent increased gradually up to 8 weeks at each distance, whereas in HA and Ca-Ti implants the percent was largest at 4 weeks and increased closer to the surface. The percent with Ti implants was largest at 36 microns to 0.25 mm. Aspect of bone response to Ca-Ti was its position intermediate between those of HA and Ti. The decrease of the percent at 8 weeks was smaller than HA.     

Polyphosphoric acid treatment promotes bone regeneration around titanium implants

Summary  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) treatment on bone regeneration around titanium (Ti) implants in vivo . Adsorption of PPA by Ti was achieved by immersing Ti implants (2 mm in diameter, 4 mm in length) in different concentrations of PPA solution (0, 1 and 10 wt%) for 24 h at 37 °C after proper Ti surface cleaning. The treated Ti implants were implanted on 8-week-old-male rat ( n  = 30) tibiae. Two or four weeks after implantation, all animals were deeply anaesthetized and underwent perfusion fixation. Ten specimens in each condition were further immersed in the same fixative for 1 week and eventually embedded in polyester resin. Afterwards, undecalcified sections were ground to a thickness of approximately 70 μm parallel to the long axis of the implant. The sections were stained with basic fuchsine and methylene blue and then examined by light microscopy. For quantitative evaluation of bone regeneration around the implants, the bone-implant contact ratio (BICR) was determined. Polyphosphoric acid treatment of the Ti implant surface significantly enhanced direct bone contact to the Ti surface. Especially, the BICRs of the 1 wt% PPA-treated Ti implants were significantly higher than those of the control untreated Ti implants, both 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. At 4 weeks, 10 wt% PPA-treated implants also significantly increased the BICR as compared to that of the untreated Ti implants. These results suggest that PPA treatment promotes osteoconductivity of Ti in vivo .     

Osseointegration in implant-embedded mandible in rats fed calcium-deficient diet: a radiological study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate osseointegration using radiographs of titanium (Ti) implants into the osteoporotic mandible of rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups: first group, which were fed a standard diet throughout (control group), second group which were fed a Ca-deficient diet for only I week before implantation (group A), and those which were fed the Ca-deficient diet before and after implantation (group B). On the 7th and 42nd days after implantation, bone changes in those rats were examined by microradio-graphs and autoradiographs.
RESULTS: On the 7th day after implantation, calcification of newly formed bones was lower in groups A and B than in the control group, ^4SCa uptake was seen in surrounding bones adjacent to the implant, as well as throughout the mandible. On the 42nd day after implantation, trabecular bone in group A showed radiopacity as seen in the control group. In the alveolar crest and peri-implanted bones in group B, thin bone formation with active ^4SCa incorporation was found.
CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that irrespective of the calcium deficiency status in rats, trabecular bones around the implant are restored to a healthy state to some extent by resuming an intake of a necessary amount of dietary calcium. In continued calcium deficiency, osseointegration with the implant and alveolar bone was still observed as in the healthy rats suggesting calcium deficiency is not always a factor to regulate osseointegration of mandibular endosseous implants.     

喷砂酸蚀对超细晶纯钛表面MC3T3-E1细胞粘附与增殖的影响

目的:研究喷砂酸蚀对超细晶纯钛表面MC3T3-E1细胞粘附与增殖的影响。方法:将超细晶纯钛棒和纯钛棒切割为直径6 mm,厚度3 mm钛片试件,试验组为喷砂酸蚀超细晶纯钛组,对照组分别为未处理的超细晶纯钛组和喷砂酸蚀纯钛组。在对其表面形貌特征和亲水性进行检测后,在试件表面接种MC3T3-E1细胞,观察细胞的初期粘附情况,测定细胞密度,存活和生长状态。结果:喷砂酸蚀超细晶纯钛后,其表面形成大量微小的弹坑状凹陷,且表面具有良好的亲水性。接种细胞后,喷砂酸蚀超细晶纯钛初期粘附优于对照组;细胞密度在培养中后期优于对照组;而细胞活性在培养中期优于两对照组,培养后期3组间无明显差异。结论:喷砂酸蚀超细晶纯钛的表面性能得到改善,能诱导MC3T3-E1细胞在其表面粘附和增殖,可作为纯钛种植体种植体的替代材料。     

Plasma-based fluorine ion implantation into dental materials for inhibition of bacterial adhesion

The aims of this study were to evaluate the fluorine depth profiles of pure titanium (Ti), stainless steel (SUS), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) modified by plasma-based fluorine ion implantation and the effects of fluorine ion implantation on contact angle, fluoride ion release, and S. mutans adhesion. Fluorine-based gases used were Ar+F2 and CF4. By means of SIMS, it was found that the peak count of PMMA was the lowest while that of Ti was the highest. Then, up to one minute after Ar sputtering, the presence of fluorine and chromic fluoride could be detected by XPS in the surface and subsurface layer. As for the effects of using CF4 gas for fluorine ion implantation into SUS substrate, the results were: contact angle was significantly increased; no fluoride ion release was detected; antibacterial activity was significantly increased while initial adhesion was decreased. These findings thus indicated that plasma-based fluorine ion implantation into SUS with CF4 gas provided surface antibacterial activity which was useful in inhibiting bacterial adhesion.