复方威灵仙镇痛膏主要药效学研究

目的 研究复方威灵仙镇痛膏的药效学作用。方法采用二甲苯致炎法、扭体法、热板法及镜下观察小鼠耳廓微循环等常规实验方法研究该药的抗炎镇痛、活血化瘀作用。结果复方威灵仙镇痛膏能明显抑制由二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀，明显减少扭体反应次数，提高小鼠痛阈，并能使小鼠耳廓细动脉、细静脉血管口径增大，毛细血管开放量增多。结论复方威灵仙镇痛膏具有较好的抗炎镇痛、活血化瘀作用。     

N-硝基-L-精氨酸对吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断反应的治疗作用及对吗啡耐受性的影响

目的：研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸(LNNA)对吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断反应的治疗作用。方法：采用小鼠戒断模型．观察不同给药途径(ip和ig)．不同剂量的LNNA对吗啡依赖小鼠戒断综合症的治疗效果。结果：NOS抑制剂LNNA可明显延长戒断小鼠跳跃潜伏期，减少小鼠的戒断跳跃反应次数，且抑制其腹泻症状。结论：NOS抑制剂LNNA可延缓吗啡耐受。     

中药秦艽抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的研究中药秦艽的抗炎镇痛作用。方法用醋酸扭体法、热板法观察秦艽水煎液对小鼠的镇痛作用;用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶致足跖肿胀的方法观察秦艽水煎液的抗炎作用。结果秦艽水煎液30g/kg能减少小鼠扭体次数,提高小鼠痛阈值（P〈0.01）,明显抑制小鼠耳廓肿胀和足跖肿胀（P〈0.01）。结论秦艽具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

麻黄细辛汤的镇痛消炎作用

目的：研究麻黄细辛汤的镇痛消炎作用及机理,方法：应用小鼠扭体,小鼠舔足,热板,小鼠足垫肿胀等动物模型和离体豚鼠回肠试验,对麻黄细辛汤的镇痛消炎作用及机理进行实验,结果：麻黄细辛汤的小提物8,16g.kg^-1（相当于原药材量）ig,可明显减少醋酸所致小鼠20min内扭体反应时间,缩矩甲醛致痛后期相内小鼠的舔足反应次数,对早期相反应亦呈现抑制趋势,延长热板致痛小鼠的痛阈值,明显抑制compound48/80及组织胺所致小鼠足垫肿胀,体外试验中,麻黄细辛汤0.8,1,6,2,4,3.2mg.kg^-1剂量依赖性拮抗组织胺引起的离体豚鼠回肠收缩反应,IC50为237mg.ml^-1,但对5－羟色胺致炎无明显影响。结论：麻黄细辛汤有镇痛消炎作用,其镇痛机理涉及外周和中枢两个方面,对急性炎症的抑制作用与其抗组织胺作用有关。     

东莨菪硷对大肠杆菌内毒素致家兔早期急性肺损伤治疗作用的研究

为探讨家兔内毒素血症早期的某些病理生理变化和东莨菪硷的早期治疗作用.本研究利用内毒素致家兔急性肺损伤模型,观察了东莨菪硷对肺毛细血管通透性、肺组织病理改变、血浆6—Keto—PGF_1.和TXB_2深度、血清ACE活性等指标的影响.东莨菪硷可抑制中性粒细胞聚集,提高PGI_2/TXA_2比值,改善微循环、降低肺毛细血管通透性,减轻肺组织病理改变.     

消淤止痛喷雾剂抗炎镇痛的实验研究

目的研究消淤止痛喷雾剂的镇痛、抗炎作用。方法磷酸组织胺诱导小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加法及二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀法研究其抗炎作用。小鼠热板法、甩尾法试验观察其镇痛作用。结果消淤止痛喷雾剂能明显抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管炎性渗出（P〈0．05）,抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀（P〈0．001）。能明显提高热板和光热疼痛模型小鼠痛阈,延长致痛潜伏期（P〈0．05）。结论消淤止痛喷雾剂有明显的镇痛、抗炎作用。     

东莨菪硷治疗休克的体会及机理探讨(摘要)

莨菪类药物治疗休克为我国医务人员所首创。东莨菪碱属于抗乙酰胆硷药物,有阻滞α及M、N受体的作用。其抗休克的疗效与应用如下: 1.有兴奋呼吸防治呼吸窘迫综合征的作用:作者另有著述,本文从略。2.改善微循环的作用:由于阻滞了α及M受体,使cGMP受到抑制,cAMP相应升高,从而减轻了氧耗,可供给β受体充分的ATP,阻断了α及M受体,减少了肾上素能的释放     

云南狗牙花总碱对吗啡依赖小鼠位置偏爱再现的阻断作用

目的　研究云南狗牙花总碱 (totalErvatamiayunnansisalkaloids ,TEYA)阻断吗啡 (Morphine ,Mor)精神依赖小鼠位置偏爱再现的药理作用。方法　利用条件性位置偏爱 (conditionedplacepreference,CPP)方法 ,建立吗啡精神依赖小鼠位置偏爱再现(复吸 )模型 ,给予TEYA ,研究其对小鼠位置偏爱再现的作用。TEYA给二个剂量 4 0、2 0mg·kg-1。采用二种给药方式 ,即先给小剂量Mor或氢化可的松 (hydrocortisone ,Hyd) ,再给TEYA和先给TEYA ,1h后再给Mor或Hyd。设置二个对照 :空白对照小鼠先给予Mor或Hyd ,再给TEYA 2 0mg·kg-1,阳性对照Mor小鼠则只给予Mor或Hyd。结果　二种剂量、二种给药方式中 ,TEYA均可以阻断CPP再现 ,且所给剂量之间及给药方式之间无显著性差异。空白对照的偏爱行为无变化 ,阳性对照小鼠则重现了已消退的MorCPP。结论　TEYA可以阻断由Mor或Hyd激发的吗啡精神依赖小鼠位置偏爱再现 ,具有与ibogaine类似的防治精神依赖的作用。     

老鹳草鞣质类化合物的抗炎、免疫和镇痛作用

目的：研究老鹳草总鞣质（ＨＧＴ）的抗炎、抑制免疫和镇痛作用。方法：用大鼠蛋清性关节炎模型，佐剂性关节炎模型，小鼠迟发性超敏反应模型，炭粒吞噬法，甲醛致痛模型，扭体法和热板法。结果：ＨＧＴ能明显抑制大鼠蛋清性关节炎的足跖肿胀，抑制大鼠佐剂性关节炎原发性和继发性的足跖肿胀，抑制２，４二硝基氯代苯所致的小鼠耳廓皮肤迟发性超敏反应，抑制小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能，减少甲醛致痛的舔足次数和醋酸致痛的扭体次数。结论：ＨＧＴ有明显的抗炎、抑制免疫和镇痛作用     

清君瘾Ⅱ号对吗啡依赖性小鼠戒断反应的作用

通过清君瘾Ⅱ号对吗啡依赖小鼠戒断综合征的治疗观察 ,表明清君瘾Ⅱ号可明显抑制小鼠戒断跳跃反应 ,对吗啡依赖性小鼠胸腺及脾脏重量的下降有缓解趋势。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.