Influence of carbamide peroxide on enamel fluoride uptake

OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of carbamide peroxide (CP) on enamel fluoride uptake by comparing enamel fluoride uptake from a 1% amine fluoride (AmF) gel with the fluoride acquisition from a 10% carbamide peroxide agent supplemented with 1% AmF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three enamel cylinders (4mm in diameter) were prepared from the buccal surfaces of 60 bovine incisors. One sample of each tooth was used for determination of baseline fluoride content of the respective tooth. The two remaining samples were allocated to the experimental series 1 or 2, respectively. Each series consisted of five experimental groups (A-E, n=12) and differed with respect to the length of the treatment period with the gels (A-D). The experimentally designed gels (pH 5.5) used in the study were as follows: A (10% CP), B (10% CP, 1% F(-) as AmF), C (1% F(-) as AmF), D (no CP, no F(-)) and were formulated on the same basis. The enamel samples were covered for 4h with the respective gel at 37 degrees C and were then transferred to artificial saliva for 20 h (series 1). The samples of group E served as controls and were not treated with a gel. In series 2, treatment with the gels and storage in saliva was conducted seven times. Finally, the samples were assessed for KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride. RESULTS: Only the enamel samples treated with the fluoridated bleaching gel (group B) and with the amine fluoride gel (group C) exhibited significant fluoride acquisition. Thereby, both gels showed significantly lower uptake in series 1 as compared to series 2. Both KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride acquisition was significantly higher in group C than in group B. CONCLUSION: Treatment with a carbamide peroxide gel supplemented with amine fluoride causes less fluoride acquisition in enamel than a pure amine fluoride gel. Under the conditions of the study, it is assumed that carbamide peroxide seems to influence enamel fluoride uptake.     

Effects of a sodium fluoride solution and a varnish with different fluoride concentrations on enamel remineralization in vitro

Abstract – To study the efficacy of sodium fluoride varnishes and a NaF solution in remineralization of enamel, 120 slabs of non-carious human enamel enamel were presoftened for 6 h and randomly divided into six groups. The slabs were stored in synthetic saliva for 9 days, except for a daily 30-min immersion in 0.1 M lactic acid-NaOH buffer. During the 9-day period, one group of the slabs received no treatment, and the rest were treated once or three times with 2.3% or 1.1% sodium fluoride varnish Duraphat, or nine times with a 0.1% NaF solution. Finally, the slabs were demineralized for 1 h, and the amount of dissolved Ca and F was determined. Microhardness of enamel was determined initially, after presoftening, after the 9- day period, and after the 1-h demineralization. All fluoride treatments prevented enamel softening almost completely during the 9 days, but the control slabs softened markedly. Fluoride varnishes were more effective than NaF solution. Three applications of 2.3% Duraphat were slightly more effective than any of the other varnish treatments, but one treatment with 2.3% varnish was not more effective than treatments with 1.1% varnish. Enamel treated three times with 1.1% varnish showed the greatest acid resistance during the 1-h demineralization. The results suggest that the efficacy of the varnish was not proportional to the fluoride concentration but rather to the number of applications. Fluoride uptake by enamel was greatest with the most concentrated varnish. Enamel solubility was not, however, directly proportional to the fluoride content of enamel.     

氟涂料用于固定矫治后釉质脱矿再矿化治疗的效果

目的评价氟浓度为2.26 mg/mL的氟涂料应用于正畸固定矫治后釉质脱矿再矿化治疗的临床效果。方法对正畸固定矫治结束并拆除托槽的患者进行牙釉质脱矿状况检查,选择符合纳入标准的110例受试者,随机分为2组,试验组在脱矿牙面上涂布氟涂料,对照组在脱矿牙面上涂布蒸馏水,每个月1次,持续6个月,在拆除托槽当天（基线）和拆除托槽3个月、6个月分别对唇颊面釉质脱矿区域进行临床视诊检查,使用临床视诊指数进行评分。结果基线、3个月、6个月时试验组的视诊指数分别为（2.22±0.42）分、（2.18±0.43）分、（2.15±0.41）分;对照组的视诊指数分别为（2.15±0.36）分、（2.14±0.38）分、（2.14±0.38）分。基线（t=2.470,P=0.228）、拆除托槽3个月（t=0.651,P=0.516）及6个月（t=0.149,P=0.882）试验组与对照组的差异均没有统计学意义。试验组的临床视诊指数在拆除托槽3个月、6个月与基线比较差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）,但第3个月与第6个月的差异没有统计学意义（t=1.860,P=0.083）。结论应用2.26 mg/mL的氟涂料对固定矫治后出现的釉质脱矿进行再矿化治疗后,牙釉质脱矿程度有所降低,但再矿化效果不够显著。     

含氟涂料和含氟牙膏对釉面再矿化和抗酸作用的实验研究

目的：观察含氟涂料与含氟牙膏对釉质表面再矿化和抗酸作用。方法：取牛恒切牙制备釉质片;统一酸蚀脱矿后随机分为4组（n＝3）;分别为生理盐水（A组对照）、Duraphat含氟涂料（B组）、Fluor Protector含氟涂料（C组）、含氟牙膏规律处理（D组）;处理期间标本置于人工唾液孵育2周;再次酸蚀;各阶段均用显微硬度仪测定釉面显微硬度、扫描电镜观察釉面,图像分析电镜下釉面微孔隙面积差异;统计分析。结果：首次酸蚀后釉面明显脱矿。分组处理2周,A组釉面再矿化不明显;B组和C组釉面形成涂料保护层;D组釉面可见明显再矿化。再次酸蚀后：A组和D组显微硬度下降,B组和C组涂料保护层有明显抗酸作用。再次酸蚀后,A组和D组釉面微孔隙面积增加（P＜0．05）,但D组小于A组（P＜0．05）;B组、C组无显著变化（P＞0．05）。结论：含氟涂料在釉面形成保护层,具有抗酸蚀和促进釉面再矿化作用;含氟牙膏能促进脱矿釉面再矿化,抗酸作用较弱。     

3种氟制剂对邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化效果的影响

目的 比较3种氟制剂对邻面去釉后牙釉质再矿化效果的影响,为临床选择预防邻面去釉后牙釉质脱矿的最佳氟制剂提供参考.方法 收集正畸减数拔除的前磨牙60颗,行近远中邻面去釉,牙冠颊舌向劈开后共120个标本,随机分为4组.对照组单纯用人工唾液进行再矿化,A组加用0.1 mol/L氟化钠溶液处理,B组加用6 000 mg/L(6 000 ppm)氟化泡沫处理,C组加用氟含量0.1％(质量分数)的氟保护漆处理.每4周处理1次,共处理3次.应用显微硬度仪测量每个标本再矿化前及再矿化后4周去釉面的显微硬度值,并进行统计学分析.结果 再矿化前、后牙釉质显微硬度差值在对照组为(3.42 ±2.27) kg/mm2,A组为(13.06 ±4.22) kg/mm2,B组为(20.21±4.96)kg/mm2,C组为(16.05 ±5.51) kg/mm2.各组再矿化前、后的显微硬度变化均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).再矿化前、后显微硬度差值在4组间的差异有统计学意义(F =26.168,P=0.000);两两比较,A、B、C3组与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),B组和A、C组间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),A组和C组间的差异无统计学意义(q=2.142,P=0.139).结论 氟化钠溶液、氟化泡沫、氟保护漆对去釉后的牙釉质再矿化均具有良好的促进作用,其中氟化泡沫的效果优于其他2种制剂.     

体外应用氟化物对牙酸蚀症再矿化效果的评价-显微硬度测定

目的 用显微硬度测量法研究氟化物对碳酸饮料酸蚀后的乳牙釉质的再矿化作用.方法 收集临床拔除的滞留第二乳磨牙共16颗,制成牙釉质样本.经碳酸饮料浸泡,每天2次,每次10分钟,共5天后,分为对照组(A组)、2%氟化钠溶液组(B组)、含1.23%氟离子凝胶组(C组)和含低氟过饱和钙磷溶液矿化液组(含氟10ppm)(D组)四组,每组16个牙块.经不同的氟化物处理釉质表面,每天1次,每次2分钟,共5天.分别在酸蚀前、酸蚀后和再矿化后用显微硬度计测定釉质表面硬度.数据使用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA).结果 饮料酸蚀后的牙釉质表面硬度值明显下降.与对照组相比,经2%氟化钠溶液和1.23%氟离子凝胶组处理后的牙釉质表面硬度值均比处理前显著上升(分别为P=0.031和P=0.017),这两组之间的差异无显著性;矿化液处理后的牙釉质表面硬度值无显著变化(P=0.894).结论 显微硬度测定实验显示高浓度的氟制剂2%氟化钠溶液和含1.23%氟离子凝胶能够显著地促进酸蚀釉质再矿化;低氟浓度矿化液在短时间内对酸蚀釉质再矿化作用不明显.     

釉质脱矿与再矿化的实验室及临床评估方法

釉质再矿化的研究是近年研究的热点,对釉质再矿化前后的评估方法多种多样,目前国际尚无统一的标准。作者就评估脱矿与再矿化的实验室及临床研究方法及其应用范围、优缺点进行综述。     

Effects of remineralization procedures on shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surfaces with self-etch systems

Objective:To compare the effects of different remineralization procedures on the surface roughness of teeth, shear bond strengths (SBSs), and Adhesive Remnant Index scores of self-etching primer (SEP) used to bond orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.Materials and Methods:A total of 140 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Group I was the control group. A demineralization procedure was performed in the other six groups. A remineralization procedure was performed before bonding by using casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride, a microabrasion mixture (18% hydrochloric acid-fine pumice), a microabrasion agent, and resin infiltration in groups III to VII. Brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer/adhesive system. The specimens were tested for SBS. The roughness and morphology of the enamel surfaces were analyzed using profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey, and G-tests at the α  =  .05 level.Results:Significant differences were found in the SBS values among the seven groups (F  =  32.69, P  =  .003). The lowest SBS value was found in group II (2.62 ± 1.46 MPa). No significant differences were found between groups I, III, and VII, between groups III and IV, or between groups V and VI. The differences in the roughness values were statistically significant among the groups (P  =  .002).Conclusions:Remineralization procedures restore the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets and decrease surface roughness caused by enamel demineralization. SEPs provide clinically acceptable SBS values for bonding orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.     

Comparing two quantitative methods for studying remineralization of artificial caries

Objectives

To compare the detection of changes before and after remineralization of artificial enamel and dentin caries by microCT scanning, polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR).

Methods

Fourteen extracted premolars were cut into tooth blocks and painted with an acid-resistant varnish leaving one enamel and one dentin surface exposed. The tooth blocks were immersed into demineralizing solution for 4 days to produce artificial caries-like lesions and scanned by microCT. Then the 14 tooth blocks were randomly allocated into two groups. Seven tooth blocks in Group I were cut longitudinally through the exposed surface into 100–150 μm thick sections and microradiographs were taken. The other seven tooth blocks in Group II were left intact. All the tooth blocks and sections were then immersed into remineralizing solution for 5 days. PLM and TMR of the tooth sections in Group I were taken again. Depth of the lesion on the TMR was measured. Tooth blocks in Group II were scanned by microCT.

Results

Mean lesion depth in Group I reduced by 13.0% and 8.2% after remineralization for enamel and dentin, respectively (paired t-test, P < 0.001). In Group II, linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the region of interest (ROI) increased by 11.1% and 23.8% after remineralization for enamel and dentin lesions, respectively (paired t-test, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Both microCT and microradiography are able to detect a change of similar magnitude in the artificial caries lesions after remineralization. MicroCT may be used to substitute TMR and PLM in in vitro studies about caries.     

Effect of three fluoride agents on remineralization and fluoride uptake on enamel lesion

This study is to compare the fluoride uptake of three fluoride agents and the effect of remineralization on artificial enamel lesions. Eight human third molars were all divided into four slabs. The slabs were randomly assigned to the following four groups: group A (9,040 ppm F, APF gel), group B (968 ppm F, SnF₂ home gel), group C (22,600 ppm F, fluoride varnish, FV) and a control group. After 72-hour demineralizing and 10-day pH-cycling period with the application of corresponding fluorides. The distribution of fluoride and mineral change was analyzed with EPMA and CMR respectively. There was a significant increase in the amount of F uptake after the application of the three fluoride agents compared to the control group. Group A showed an extremely greater F uptake compared to group C and B. The amount of F uptake from group C was greater than that of group B. The three tested groups showed signs of significantly greater amounts of remineralization as compared to the control group. Remineralization of group C was detected to be the greatest, followed by group A and group B, but there was no significant difference in them under statistical analysis. It can be concluded that all of the tested agents were effective in regaining mineral loss. FV may be recommended as a professional topical fluoride. It is as effective, if not more so, as traditionally used APF gel. Also 0.4% SnF₂ home gel is an efficient self-applied topical fluoride for daily use.     

Effect of compounds of Galla chinensis on remineralization of enamel surface in vitro

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemical compounds of Galla chinensis on in vitro the remineralization of enamel surface.

Method

Bovine enamel blocks with in vitro produced initial lesions were used. The lesions were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 days. Each daily cycle included 4×1 min applications with one of four treatments: Group A: 1000 ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); Group B: deionized water (DDW, negative control); Group C: 4000 ppm crude aqueous extract of G. chinensis (GCE); Group D: 4000 ppm gallic acid. The enamel specimens were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray microdiffraction (XRD).

Results

The morphology of surface enamel was different in each group. The mineral composition was identified as similar to hydroxylapatite, but the crystallite sizes of enamel in different groups were significantly different. In addition, the Ca/P ratios were significantly lower in GCE group.

Conclusion

GCE could affect the mineral ions deposit on the surface layer and then modified the remineralization of initial dental caries. The mechanism seems to be different between GCE and gallic acid.     

Analysis of the effect of CPP-ACP tooth mousse on enamel remineralization by circularly polarized images

Objective:To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate tooth mousse on the remineralization of bovine incisor by circularly polarized images.Methods:Eighty bovine incisors, each with a 4 × 4 mm artificially demineralized area, were used. The samples were divided into four groups: Group A, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate tooth mousse; Group B, fluoride toothpaste; Group C, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate tooth mousse and fluoride toothpaste; and Group D, no treatment. Circularly polarized images were taken after the specimens were treated for 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks, and the size of the demineralized area and the mean grey level were measured. Data analysis was done using repeated measures variance analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to evaluate the correlation between the size of the demineralized area and the mean grey level.Results:In all four groups, the size of the demineralized area and the mean grey level declined with time. The size of the demineralized area of Group C was significantly smaller than that of Group A at the end of the third and sixth weeks (P  =  .039, P  =  .000, respectively), and the mean grey level of Group C was lower than that of Group A at the end of the 6th and 12th weeks (P  =  .037, P  =  .004, respectively). At the end of the 6th, 9th, and 12th weeks, the size of the demineralized area of Group C was smaller (P  =  .000, P  =  .005, P  =  .005, respectively) and the mean grey level was lower (P  =  .000) than those of Group B. No statistically significant correlations were detected between the size of the demineralized area and the mean grey level.Conclusion:Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate tooth mousse can reduce the size and mean grey level of demineralized areas and promote the remineralization of bovine enamel. Combined application with fluoride toothpaste strengthens the effect.     

含氟牙膏对离体脱矿恒牙再矿化作用的实验研究

目的评价含氟牙膏促进离体脱矿恒牙再矿化的作用。方法选取和制作牙体硬度170KHN左右的16颗离体年轻脱矿恒牙标本,随机分成A、B两组(P>0.05)。A组用无氟Crest牙膏作再矿化处理,B组用含氟的Crest牙膏作再矿化处理,同时将A、B组标本浸泡于人唾液中。用微硬度测量仪测定并记录每个牙标本的硬度。结果A组脱矿牙的硬度平均值为151.9±38.3,而再矿化后牙齿的硬度平均值为143.4±18.8,两组比较P>0.05。B组脱矿牙的硬度平均值为160.1±16.5,而再矿化后牙齿的硬度平均值为200.5±21.3,两组比较P<0.05。再矿化后AB两组的硬度值比较P<0.001。结论含氟牙膏对离体脱矿恒牙有较明显的再矿化作用。     

五倍子化学组分对脱矿牙釉质再矿化的影响

目的研究五倍子多酚性化合物(Galla chinensis extract,GCE)及其4个化学组分(GCE-A,GCE-B,GCE-C和GCE-D)对早期牙釉质龋的再矿化作用,初步追踪五倍子促牙釉质再矿化的有效成分。方法选择脱矿后显微硬度值为160～180努氏硬度的70个牛切牙釉质样本,随机分为7组,每天进行4次药物处理(1 min/次);药物包括4 g/L的GCE溶液(GCE组)、GCE-A溶液(GCE-A组),GCE-B溶液(GCE-B组),GCE-C溶液(GCE-C组)和GCE-D溶液(GCE-D组)、去离子水(DDW组,阴性对照)和1 g/L的氟化钠溶液(NaF组,阳性对照)。样本pH循环12 d后用显微放射照相定量分析循环前后病损的总矿物丢失量。结果 GCE组的矿物丢失量和病损深度明显低于阴性对照组,但仍高于阳性对照组(P<0.05);GCE的4个组分,即GCE-A、GCE-B、GCE-C、GCE-D都有一定的促进脱矿釉质再矿化作用(P<0.05),但效果明显差于相同浓度的GCE(P<0.05)。结论 GCE及其4个组分都有一定的促进脱矿釉质再矿化作用,GCE效果最佳。     

Effects of a new titanium fluoride derivative on enamel de- and remineralization

The potential of a new titanium fluoride (TiF) derivative for caries prevention was tested in a pH-cycling model. Daily treatments with various concentrations (100, 250, and 500 p.p.m.) of TiF were compared with similar sodium fluoride (NaF) treatments given at the same pH. Bovine enamel lesions were subjected to 3 wk of pH cycling. The effects were assessed by analyzing calcium uptake and loss in the re- and demineralizing solutions, respectively, and by post pH cycling microradiographic analysis of the lesions. Treatments with NaF reduced calcium loss, enhanced calcium uptake, and induced overall lesion remineralization. Treatments with TiF derivative gradually caused almost complete inhibition of calcium loss and uptake (lesion 'arrestment'), irrespective of the concentration of the TiF derivative. To test the permanence of protection, sound enamel was pretreated with either TiF derivative or NaF, and demineralized for 14 d at pH 4.4 and 4.6. Calcium loss data show that up to 80% inhibition of demineralization could be achieved for the TiF derivative, which was not possible for NaF treatments. This inhibition was obtained through a combination of concentration and number of treatments. The TiF derivative is a promising agent for the prevention of dental caries, especially when aimed at preventing the onset of caries.     

氯化镧对脱矿釉质再矿化的影响

为了了解镧对脱矿釉质矿化的影响，以基础矿化液及含１０ｐｐｍｌａ＾３＋或氟的矿化液分别处理脱矿后人牙釉质，再作实验开窗区剖面表及里的显微硬度测定，结果显示各试验组表层硬度明显低于内层硬度，但１００μｍ以内各点之硬度值比较差异均无显著性，以各实验组相比较，表层硬度值之间差异有显著性，其他层次相应点之间硬度值无无显著性。     

矿化液、低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫再矿化作用比较

目的本研究对矿化液、低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫再矿化作用进行了比较,从而寻找出一种再矿化效果较好的制剂.方法采用实验室研究,分别用三种制剂处理表面脱矿釉质.应用显微硬度仪检测处理前后的釉质表面硬度值,通过对比前后硬度差异反映脱矿釉质的再矿化的情况.结果矿化液处理后的釉质表面硬度明显增加,有显著性统计学意义.低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫处理后釉质的表面硬度无明显改变.结论在体外,矿化液的再矿化效果优于低浓度氟化物溶液和氟泡沫.它可用于治疗正畸过程中早期釉质脱矿.     

A novel anticaries agent,honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) dendrimer,for simultaneous long-term antibacterial treatment and remineralization of demineralized enamel

ObjectiveExisting agents to induce enamel self-repair and inhibit the progression of dental caries in the early stage have been proven to be inadequate and far from satisfactory. In this study, a honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (PAMH) was constructed to combat early caries lesions in enamel.MethodsPAMH was prepared via a codissolution method. Computational simulation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of honokiol release. The cytotoxicity of PAMH was tested. The antibacterial effects of PAMH were tested by planktonic growth assays and biofilm formation inhibition assays. The remineralization effect of PAMH was examined via transverse microradiography and scanning electron microscopy after a pH cycling model. The in vivo anti-caries effect of PAMH was carried out in a rat model.ResultsHonokiol released from PAMH was slower but more durable in a cariogenic pH environment than in a neutral pH environment, which could be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. Under electrostatic action, P3 beads with the same charge repelled each other and extended outwards, resulting in the rapid expansion of the PAMAM dendrimer and accelerating the release of the drug. At a low pH of 5.5, the protonated P3 beads were not charged and the protonated P1 beads were positively charged. However, the electrostatic repulsive interaction between protonated P1 beads was restricted by the P3 beads in the outermost layer of the PAMAM dendrimer, so the swelling rate was relatively slow, resulting in the slow release of drug molecules in the acidic environment. The cytotoxicity demonstration and the biocompatibility experiment in animal study showed that PAMH is biologically safe. PAMH showed excellent enamel remineralizing ability after pH cycling and showed a long-term antibacterial effect in vitro. Meanwhile, PAMH showed long-term anticaries efficacy in vivo.SignificanceOur findings indicated that PAMH had great potential to combat early caries lesions in enamel for future clinical application.     

邻面不同去釉方法对牙釉质的影响

目的:通过体外pH循环实验,找到一种临床效果较好的邻面去釉方法。方法:收集因正畸减数治疗的前磨牙50颗,沿牙体长轴纵向剖开,得到100个样本,随机分为5组。Ⅰ组为片切砂条,Ⅱ组为片切盘,Ⅲ组为片切砂条+抛光+35%磷酸,Ⅳ组为片切盘+抛光+35%磷酸,Ⅴ组为未去釉组。每组样本经过体外pH循环30 d后,采用扫描电镜及显微硬度仪检测,采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:①各组的显微硬度值两两比较,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组与Ⅳ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组有高度显著差异(P<0.01);Ⅰ组与Ⅴ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅴ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅴ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组间差异显著(P<0.05)。②肉眼及扫描电镜观察,Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组无明显不同,但均优于其余几组。结论:①去釉盘和去釉砂条的去釉效果无显著不同。②化学抛光组的再矿化效果优于未抛光组及对照组。③邻面去釉后釉质表面的划痕,即使经再矿化也难以恢复。     

Effect of rinsing with water immediately after neutral gel and foam fluoride topical application on enamel remineralization: An in situ study

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in situ, the effect of rinsing with water immediately after neutral fluoride foam application (Foam) or fluoride gel application (Gel).

Design

Ten volunteers wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks selected by surface hardness with artificial caries. Five experimental regimes of 3 days each were set according to treatment: placebo; Gel and Foam followed by no rinsing or consuming of liquids or solids for the next 30 min; Gel and Foam followed by immediately washing with water jet. After each phase, surface hardness was again measured for analysis of mineral gain, evaluated through percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The concentration of loosely bound fluoride (CaF2) and firmly bound fluoride (FA-like) formed and retained were also determined.

Results

Fluoride treatments produced greater remineralization (%SHR and ΔKHN) compared to placebo group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the ability to promote remineralization and in the concentration of fluoride formed and retained, in each analysis, between Gel and Foam (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The data suggest that rinsing with water immediately after topical application does not seem to have an influence on the ability of fluoride to promote remineralization.