Revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cup

Treatment of pelvic osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains controversial. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA were evaluated in 62 hips with pelvic osteolysis and well-fixed cementless cups. The patients' mean age was 50.9 years, and the mean interval from primary to revision THA was 9.7 years. For revision, cementless cups were used in 51 hips, and cemented cups in 11 with acetabular reinforcement rings in 9. The mean duration of follow-up after revision THA was 5.9 years (range, 3.0-9.7 years). At final follow-up, the average Harris Hip Score was 92.4, and there was no radiographic complication except for 1 with change of inclination. Revision THA for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cups showed favorable outcomes, and it can be preferentially used in young patients.     

Fixation and osteolysis with Metasul metal-on-metal articulation

The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of osteolysis and loss of fixation using Metasul metal-on-metal articulation couples. Ninety-two patients with 96 hips with Metasul articulation couples were followed for 5 to 11 years. By patient self-assessment, 89 (93%) patients scored themselves as good or excellent. The occurrence of osteolysis and the grading of fixation were obtained from plain radiographs. The clinical evaluation for these patients was performed by patient self-assessment. With the use of plain radiographs, there was no osteolysis observed in these 96 hips other than calcar resorption (6 hips [6.3%]). All components were fixed, except for 1 loose cup that was revised, and this level of fixation allowed a fair evaluation for osteolysis around well-functioning implants.     

Statins may reduce femoral osteolysis in patients with total Hip arthroplasty

In experimental studies, statin use has been associated with reduction of osteoclastic activity and promotion of bone formation around implants. Moreover, a large clinical study recently reported a substantially reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening among statin users with THA. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of statin use on the development of femoral osteolysis within 5 years after THA. We conducted a case‐cohort study including all THAs presenting with femoral osteolysis at the 5 year visit (cases) and compared them with those without osteolysis (controls). Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of primary THAs operated between 2001 and 2005. Seven hundred thirty‐five THAs were included, mean age 68 years. Five years after surgery osteolysis had developed around the femoral component of 40 THAs (5.4%). Ever‐use of statins was much less frequent among cases (5 of 40, 12.5%) than among controls (199 of 695, 28.6%). The crude risk ratio of femoral osteolysis among statin users was 0.36 (95% CI 0.14; 0.92). After adjusting for age, sex, activity level, BMI, diagnosis, bearing surface, and type of stem, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.38 (95% CI 0.15; 0.99). In conclusion, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of developing femoral osteolysis 5 years after THA. Statins may be useful for reducing the risk of implant failure following THA. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 814–820, 2013     

Midterm results of Metasul metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty

We assessed 106 total hip arthroplasties performed with a new metal-on-metal hip system; the patients were monitored for at least 5 years. The average Harris Hip Score of the patients was 39.5 points before surgery and 87.8 points at final follow-up evaluation. Radiographically, the acetabular component was stable in 103 hips and possibly unstable in 3 hips. The femoral component was bone ingrown in 97 hips and stable and fibrous in 9. After surgery, 6 hips dislocated. The polyethylene liner dissociated in one patient. No patient exhibited clear signs of loosening, migration, or osteolysis. Distal femoral cortical hypertrophy was seen in 35.8% of the cases. Survival at the mean follow-up point (6.4 years) was 99.1%. There was no significant difference in serum chromium concentration between metal-on-metal bearings and polyethylene-on-metal bearings (control subjects). This study found that metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty produces excellent midterm results.     

Dual mobility cups in total hip arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered one of the most successful surgical procedures in orthopaedics. With the increase in the number of THAs performed in the world in the next decades, reducing or preventing medical and mechanical complications such as post-operative THA instability will be of paramount importance, particularly in an emerging health care environment based on quality control and patient outcome. Dual mobility acetabular component (also known as unconstrained tripolar implant) was introduced in France at the end of the 1970s as an alternative to standard sockets, to reduce the risk of THA dislocation in patients undergoing primary THA in France. Dual mobility cups have recently gained wider attention in the United States as an alternative option in the prevention and treatment of instability in both primary and revision THA and offer the benefit of increased stability without compromising clinical outcomes and implant longevity. In this article, we review the use of dual mobility cup in total hip arthroplasty in terms of its history, biomechanics, outcomes and complications based on more than 20 years of medical literature.     

Presence of silicon in massive osteolysis after cementless total hip arthroplasty: Case report

Osteolysis associated with artificial joint arthroplasty seems to be the result of particles of wear debris (from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and metals), causing a macrophage response, Silicon particles, as residual contaminants embedded in the surface of both textured metal implants and polyethylene sockets, may be a factor in osteolysis. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman who had massive and aggressive osteolysis. The osteolytic lesion was isolated in the greater trochanter region 5 years after she had had primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (Cobalt-chromium alloy). There were no signs of mechanical loosening, but she experienced moderate pain. Under a polarized microscope and scanning electron micrography, a biopsied specimen from the osteolytic lesion revealed conglomerates of UHMWPE particles of various sizes between proliferated synovium-like cells. Quantative energy-dispersive X-ray analysis focused on the conglomerates of UHMPWE particles demonstrated a marked presence of silicon. Although the definitive causative factor for a the osteolysis was regarded as a foreign-body reaction induced by UHMWPE particles, the presence of silicon was interesting in terms of the pathogenesis of osteolysis associated with artificial joint surgery.     

全髋置换术后假体周围骨溶解

假体置换术后周围骨溶解是关节置换术后的并发症之一,全髋置换术后假体周围骨溶解一旦发生,会严重影响髋关节的功能与稳定性,因此需要对全髋置换术后假体周围骨溶解的机制有充分的认识,在诊断上还没有一个统一的标准,有必要对术后的关节功能进行评分.二磷酸盐在防治全髋置换术后假体周围骨溶解方面有积极意义,但仍未广泛应用于临床.本文以髋关节置换为切入点,对假体周围骨溶解作简要综述.     

Early polyethylene wear and osteolysis in cementless total hip arthroplasty: the influence of femoral head size and polyethylene thickness

We examined initial polyethylene thickness, early polyethylene liner wear, and osteolysis in 350 primary, cementless total hip arthroplasties (THAs). All of the prostheses were of identical design and used Omnifit components. In the 32-mm head group, the mean liner wear correlated significantly with polyethylene thickness (P<.001) and increased rapidly with initial thinner polyethylene following a logarithmic model, although this increase was not statistically significant (r = -.633). Inadequate polyethylene thickness in the 32-mm head group was implicated as the major cause of higher liner wear. A minimal polyethylene thickness of 7 mm is recommended in cementless metal-backed THAs. The use of a large head combined with poor prosthetic design appeared to be responsible for the unacceptably high incidence of femoral osteolysis.     

人工全髋置换不同类型臼临床疗效分析

目的比较人工髋关节置换不同类型臼治疗髋关节病损临床效果。方法对93例107髋分别采用压配型及螺旋型臼行人工关节置换。结果随访2～9年。按照Harris评分进行疗效对比分析。压配型1年后松动4例,行走时疼痛,螺旋臼组随访无松动。结论螺旋型臼侧假体具有设计合理、能够获得即刻稳定、适应证广泛、松动率低等优点。     

Periacetabular osteolysis is the problem in contemporary total hip arthroplasty in young patients

We retrospectively reviewed 474 patients (492 hips) with a contemporary cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) (mean age, 38.9 years) and 504 patients (532 hips) with a cementless THA (mean age, 39.3 years). Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The mean follow-up was similar (14.5 vs 14.8 years) in both groups. The mean postoperative Harris hip scores (93.6 vs 94.7 points), the mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores (12 vs 13 points), and the mean University of California, Los Angeles activity scores (6.9 vs 7.1 points) were similar between the 2 groups. Incidence of acetabular osteolysis (16% vs 20%) and femoral osteolysis (8% vs 9%) was similar between the 2 groups. Survivorship of cup (86% vs 82%) and stem (98% vs 98.5%) was similar between the 2 groups. Periacetabular osteolysis constitutes the major challenge in modern THAs in young patients.     

Surgical exposures for primary total hip arthroplasty

The proper selection of a specific surgical approach to the hip should be based on the following: anticipated exposure requirements (femoral, acetabular, and iliac); the location of prior incisions; preoperative leg lengths and range of motion; soft-tissue tension and integrity; patient size; surgical goals; and the surgeon's familiarity with the involved anatomy, both normal and pathological.all hip surgeons should be knowledgeable of anterior, lateral, posterior, and trans-trochanteric capsular approaches to the hip; more complicated extensile exposures are generally performed by the more experienced hip surgeons in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THa). Detailed anatomic exposures to the hip are discussed in several text books. The purposes of this article are to discuss surgical principles, pertinent anatomy, and indications, advantages, limitations, and results of the more commonly used surgical approaches for simple and complex primary THa.     

Effect of augmented cup fixation on stability, wear, and osteolysis: a 5-year follow-up of total hip arthroplasty with RSA

To evaluate different modes of cementless fixation of hemispherical cups, we operated on 87 hips in 81 patients using 4 different means of cup fixation. The hips were randomly assigned to fixation with press-fit technique only (PF), or with augmentation with screws (S), pegs (P), or hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The patients were evaluated with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for cup migration and wear, conventional radiography for osteolysis, and Harris Hip Score for clinical outcome over 5 years. The fixation of the cups did not differ between the groups, but HA showed a tendency to decrease proximal migration. HA-coated cups displayed the best interface with hardly any signs of radiolucent lines, indicating a superior sealing effect of the HA coating. Cups with screws or pegs had more radiolucent lines and osteolytic lesions than the other groups. Radiolucent lines were correlated to higher proximal migration, young age, and female gender (r2=.2). The wear rate of the ethylene oxide-sterilized polyethylene liner was high (0.2 mm/y) but did not differ between the groups. Two cups with a perioperative fracture of the acetabular rim showed large initial migration but stabilized thereafter.     

严重髋臼骨折选择性早期全髋置换临床观察

目的对于严重的髋臼骨折,进行切开复位内固定术很难取得满意的疗效,探讨施行一期的全髋置换术。并对疗效进行了评价。方法1997～2003年间,对17例髋臼骨折移位的患者施行了一期全髋置换术。并对其随访平均2.1年(1～6年)。由损伤到关节置换手术时平均8d(5～21d)。平均年龄53岁(26～69岁)。进行紧急全髋置换的指征包括关节内粉碎性骨折,关节面软骨全厚磨损丧失,股骨头嵌插,髋臼压缩下陷波及超过40%关节面以及负重区。结果最后一次随访是根据Harris评分,平均为82分(69～100分);15例疗效为优良;1例发生异位骨化,直至结束随访时没有松动;1例发生髋臼杯严重中央移位。结论对严重类型的髋臼骨折病人,常规切开复位内固定术难以取得良好疗效,施行紧急全髋置换术是有效的。但手术最好由经验丰富的骨科医生施行。     

髋臼内下移小臼解剖位安放全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的评价髋臼内下移小臼解剖位安放全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的结果。方法采用髋臼内下移小臼解剖位安装的全髋关节置换术对42例48髋进行的人工全髋关节置换手术。其中40例42髋关节得到了平均46.6个月的完整随访,通过Harris评分及X线片评价临床效果。结果Harris评分的优良率达95.8%。X线片未见假体松动和骨溶解。结论髋臼内下移小臼解剖位安装的全髋关节置换是成人先天性髋臼发育不良骨性关节炎的有效治疗方法。     

全髋关节成形术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的：探讨治疗成人髋臼发育不良的新方法,方法：应用全髋关节成形术治疗成人髋臼发育不良30例患者33髋。结果：随访25例28髋,平均随 访5．3年,采用Harris髋关节评分标准,优13髋,良9髋,可4髋,差2髋,结论：术前准确测定髋臼骨质分布、制定周密的手术计划,术中正确重建髋臼,术后积极康复训练,患者大都可以取得满意的近期临床效果。     

髋关节骨性关节炎及髋臼发育不良对髋关节表面置换术中髋臼安装角度的影响

[目的]研究全髋关节表面置换术中,单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良对髋臼安装角度的影响及两组病例疗效比较。[方法]自2006～2009年,本科共实施全髋表面关节置换术20例23髋,病因包括单纯骨性关节炎10髋及髋关节发育不良13髋。手术假体均采用金属对金属大直径表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定,髋臼侧生物型固定。[结果]所有患者均获得近期随访(6个月～3年),随访包括临床评估和放射学评估。两组患者术前术后Harris评分均无明显统计学差异。无一发生术后脱位、股骨颈骨折等并发症。其中单纯骨性关节炎患者术后臼杯外展角25.6°～56.0°(平均43.9°±9.9°),平均髋臼覆盖率达95.8%。髋臼发育不良患者术后臼杯外展角22.4°～69.3°(平均46.8°±12.9°),髋臼覆盖率达84.3%。[结论]金属对金属大直径表面置换假体在治疗单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良早期临床疗效并无明显统计学差异。但是髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术中,髋臼假体外展角离散度要明显高于单纯骨性关节炎组,其髋臼杯假体外展角度控制要难于单纯骨性关节炎。     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty with a metal-on-metal bearing in patients younger than 50 years

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) longevity is the primary concern in young patients. Metal-on-metal articulations were reintroduced to reduce polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis and improve survivorship; to date, based on issued reports, this strategy appears to have been successful. In this study, the authors investigated metal-on-metal articulation survivorship and osteolysis incidence in young patients (19-50 years old at index operations) and retrospectively reviewed cementless metal-on-metal THAs in 70 patients (78 hips) with a mean follow-up of 12.4 years. Metasul articulation was used with the Wagner acetabular component in all. Survivorship with revision for any cause was 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 98%-100%), and survivorship due to the development of osteolysis for any lesion was 97.5% (95% confidence interval, 95%-99%). Mean Harris hip score improved from 51 to 95 points at final follow-up. The findings of this study indicate that outcomes of cementless THA with a metal-on-metal bearing in young patients are satisfactory. However, longer-term studies in larger cohorts are required to determine whether metal-on-metal articulations are really a favorable option in young patients.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and management of hip pain after total hip arthroplasty

Evaluation of pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be challenging in the absence of radiographic pathology. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of enigmatic hip pain following THA. We reviewed a series of patients who were evaluated with MRI after presenting with enigmatic hip pain following THA. MRI was able to demonstrate pathology in the periprosthetic tissues in all hips with minimal artifact. Patients underwent a range of conservative and operative interventions depending on the underlying pathology. If used discriminately in situations where pathology cannot be detected by conventional methods, MRI is a highly effective modality that can aid in the diagnosis of a wide range of disorders thereby allowing the clinician to determine the most appropriate intervention.