学龄前儿童屈光参差性弱视眼的屈光结构分析

对８２例学龄前儿童单纯性屈光参差性弱视眼进行了屈光结构测定和分析。结果表明，正视、近视、远视三种不同屈光状态的角膜曲率半径差异无显著性。两眼轴长度差和晶体厚度差随屈光参差程度而增大（远视：ｒ值分别为０．９３６、０．８９５。近视：ｒ值分别为０．９９３、０．８７２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示眼轴长度和晶体厚度共同参与了屈光参差的形成，其中眼轴长度起主导作用，晶体屈光度在匹配和协调中为重要成分。眼轴和晶体的发育不等以及比例失调是形成儿童屈光参差性弱视的解剖基础。     

屈光参差眼LASIK疗效分析

目的探讨LASIK治疗成人屈光参差眼的疗效及意义.方法用美国VISX准分子激光治疗仪为16例成人屈光参差视力较低眼进行手术.结果术后术眼视力有不同程度提高,部分患者双眼视功能有所改善.结论LASLK治疗屈光参差视力低下眼,可以提高患者的视觉质量.     

儿童近视性屈光参差眼的眼压分析

目的为了探讨近视和眼压的关系,本文对近视性屈光参差患者双眼的眼压进行了测量观察。方法对49例年龄为7～14岁、双眼屈光度差值≥2.5D(2.50D～6.62D)的屈光参差者的双眼屈光度、眼压、中央角膜厚度和角膜曲率分别进行测量。结果近视性屈光参差患者双眼中高屈光度眼(7.44D±2.57D)的眼压(17.18 mmHg±2.56 mmHg)与低屈光度眼(3.89D±2.41D)的眼压(17.22 mmHg±2.82 mmHg)无统计学显著性差异(t=-0.075,P=0.940)。近视屈光度与眼压(r=0.040,P=0.372)、中央角膜厚度与眼压(r=0.011,P=0.808)和角膜曲率(r=0.062,P=0.166)均无相关性。结论儿童近视性屈光参差双眼的屈光度与眼压无关。     

屈光参差的研究进展

屈光参差是指两眼的屈光度不同,屈光参差的发病率呈现随年龄逐渐上升的趋势。近年发现造成双眼屈光度不等的主要原因是双眼眼轴长度发育不平衡,与角膜屈光力无关;主导眼的近视程度较严重,眼轴较长;屈光参差会引起对比敏感度和视觉诱发电位以及视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视盘面积的改变。屈光参差的正确矫正应予重视,框架眼镜、角膜接触镜仍是屈光参差的常规矫正方法,对成人屈光参差及儿童、青少年难治性和眼镜不能耐受的屈光参差性弱视可试行准分子激光手术治疗,但儿童、青少年的手术时机和治疗程度还有待进一步探讨。     

屈光参差与视功能

对验光门诊５８９例屈光参差进行了统计分析，结果表明：在各种屈光参差类型中，屈光不正较高侧眼的矫正视力以近视性屈光参差最好，混合性屈光参差次之，远视性屈光参差最差，在不同程度屈光参差中，两眼屈光度相差≤３Ｄ组的矫正视力明显优于相差≥４Ｄ组的矫正视力，屈光参数有斜视组与无斜视组其矫正视力无显著差异，对屈光参差与视功能的关系进行了讨论。     

屈光参差的研究现状

两眼的屈光不等称为屈光参差,其发病率随着地区、年龄的不同而有所差别。病因学研究发现屈光参差有遗传倾向,发育及环境因素进一步影响其发病,而外伤、其他疾病及手术也可导致其发生。屈光参差是影响视功能、形成弱视的常见原因。目前相关的实验性研究报道不多。临床发现屈光参差眼具有一定的生物学检测特征。     

屈光参差的研究现状

两眼的屈光不等称为屈光参差,其发病率随着地区、年龄的不同而有所差别.病因学研究发现屈光参差有遗传倾向,发育及环境因素进一步影响其发病,而外伤、其他疾病及手术也可导致其发生.屈光参差是影响视功能、形成弱视的常见原因.目前相关的实验性研究报道不多.临床发现屈光参差眼具有一定的生物学检测特征.     

青少年儿童屈光参差临床分析

目的:探讨青少年儿童各类屈光参差分布,及各类屈光参差性弱视的治疗。方法:用阿托品扩瞳1wk后检影验光,两眼屈光参差≥3.00D的青少年儿童120例,年龄3～20(平均8)岁。在扩瞳情况下配镜治疗。结果:单纯远视性屈光参差75例,参差范围 3.00～ 8.50(平均 4.00)D,单纯近视性屈光参差32例,参差范围-3.00～-21.00(平均-6.50)D,远视散光性屈光参差2例,参差范围 3.25～ 4.75(平均 4.00)D,近视散光性屈光参差11例,参差范围-3.00～5.00(平均-4.00)D。结论:青少年儿童屈光参差以单纯远视性屈光参差多见,单纯近视性屈光参差范围较大,在扩瞳情况下,带镜均能接受,弱视治疗有不同程度效果。     

屈光参差眼角膜地形图分析

目的　观察屈光参差近视眼双眼角膜地形图的异同。方法　用AlconEH 2 70角膜地形图仪测量 5 9例屈光参差组双眼角膜地形图 ,分析双眼角膜地形图参数及图形分布情况 ,并与对照组比较。结果　屈光参差组中双眼角膜地形图一致者占 77 97% ,与对照组相比无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。屈光参差组中两眼Ks ,Kf值无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　屈光参差近视眼双侧角膜地形图形状高度一致 ,屈光参差眼的发生与角膜屈光力无关。     

屈光参差的研究进展

屈光参差是指两眼屈光度不同，其程度或性质有一定差别〔１〕。屈光参差是影响双眼单视，导致儿童弱视的常见原因之一。但多因一眼视力尚好，常造成漏诊，延误治疗时机。本文就屈光参差的研究方法、屈光参差对视功能的影响、屈光参差与弱视的关系及屈光参差的治疗等作一综...     

A biometric investigation of ocular components in amblyopia

The aim of this study was to investigate the ocular parameters and their contribution to total axial length, and any inter-ocular differences when compared to the fellow non-amblyopic eye, in a population of paediatric amblyopes. Inter-ocular differences in visual acuity, refractive error, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and their contribution to total axial length were analysed in four populations: adult controls (n=26), paediatric controls (n=24), paediatric strabismic amblyopes (n=18) and paediatric anisometropic amblyopes (n=27). In the two control groups, there were small inter-ocular differences between the components, none of which were statistically or clinically significant. Anisometropic amblyopic eyes were found to have statistically and clinically significant differences in refractive error, crystalline lens power, vitreous chamber depth and total axial length when compared to the fellow eye. Anterior and vitreous chamber depths, when expressed as a percentage of the anterior and vitreous chambers in the non-amblyopic fellow eye, were approximately 95% of the size. When parameters were normalised by expressing as a percentage of total axial length, the contribution of the anterior chamber, crystalline lens and vitreous chamber to total axial length in both eyes were comparable, suggesting that all components of the anisometropic amblyopic eye are proportionately reduced in size. The strabismic amblyopic eyes were in the main isometropic. There were however statistically significant differences in anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens power, vitreous chamber depth and total axial length, but not in crystalline lens thickness. When the components were expressed as a percentage of the component in the non-amblyopic fellow eye, the anterior and vitreous chambers were approximately 90% of the size of the fellow non-amblyopic eye and made a significantly smaller contribution to total axial length when normalised. Crystalline lens thickness contributed significantly more to the total axial length in a strabismic eye. This suggests that, unlike control eyes or anisometropic amblyopic eyes, the strabismic eye is physically, though not proportionately, reduced in size.     

学龄期儿童不同类型屈光参差眼球生物学参数的研究

目的：比较学龄期儿童,不同类型屈光参差,双眼间视力及生物学参数的差异及其相关性。

方法：回顾性研究。纳入轻中度屈光参差的学龄期儿童(6-12岁)128例。根据屈光参差的类型分为5组。所有患儿均行睫状肌麻痹验光、眼部A超、角膜地形图检查。记录以下数据：屈光状态、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、前房深度(ACD)、晶体厚度(LT)、玻璃体腔深度(VCD)、眼轴长度(AL)、角膜曲率半径(CR)、轴率比(AL/CR)。统计学分析采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Spearman秩和检验。

结果：远视性屈光参差双眼间视力差异最大(0.14±0.20),近视性屈光参差双眼间眼球生物学参数AL和VCD差异最大(0.56±0.41,0.56±0.39 mm)。双眼间屈光参差和BCVA、VCD、AL、AL/CR呈正相关(P<0.05),相关系数r分别为0.266、0.379、0.350、0.263与LT、CR无显著相关(r=-0.019,-0.069,P>0.05)。然而在每个类型的组别中,屈光参差与双眼间的眼球生物学参数并无显著相关性。

结论：学龄期儿童远视性屈光参差在四种屈光参差类型中双眼视力差异最大。单纯远视或近视型屈光参差两眼间生物学参数的差异主要是由于VCD和AL的不对称,而散光型屈光参差双眼间的眼球生物学参数无显著差异。     

屈光参差的研究进展

屈光参差是一类特殊的屈光不正,其发病率随年龄增长而增加。屈光参差会对双眼视功能产生危害,其发病机制尚不清楚,可能受遗传、环境和疾病因素的共同影响。目前,不同学者关于屈光参差与主导眼关系的研究结论不同,但普遍认为右眼是主导眼。     

儿童屈光参差的临床表现

目的　观察研究儿童屈光参差的临床表现 ,探讨儿童屈光参差的发育规律及其对视功能的影响。方法　对 8所幼儿园的 2 10 0名 4～ 6岁儿童进行远视力普查筛选 ,视力低常者行眼科常规检查及阿托品散瞳验光。对屈光参差 (球镜差≥ 1.5 0 D,柱镜差≥ 1.0 0 D)儿童 ,进行同视机检查 ,按常规配镜及遮盖治疗弱视、随访。结果　屈光参差患病率 0 .86 % ,其中单纯柱镜屈光参差 10人、单纯球镜屈光参差 7人、球镜及柱镜屈光参差同时存在 1人。柱镜屈光参差双眼相差 :1.0 0 DC6只眼、1.2 5 DC2只眼、1.5 0 DC3只眼。球镜屈光参差双眼相差 :3.2 5 DS2只眼 ,1.75 DS、2 .5 0 DS、3.5 0 DS、4 .5 0 DS、4 .75 DS及 6 .2 5 DS各 1只眼。所有患儿均戴用框架眼镜完全矫正屈光参差 ,接受良好。一年的随访发现 ,基础屈光向正视方向发育 ,远视度数有所降低 ,但屈光参差度没有明显变化。屈光参差大小不影响弱视的治疗效果 ,最佳矫正视力优势眼平均从 0 .93提高到 1.0 7,劣势眼平均从 0 .5 1提高到 0 .81,全组患者均存在立体视功能 ,一年随访同视机检查结果无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　双眼屈光不等是普遍现象 ,绝大多数在中低度 ,发育生长时变化较小 ,大都可通过戴用框架眼镜完全矫正 ,不导致双眼融合障碍 ,不影响双眼单视     

近视性屈光参差患者高阶像差分析研究

目的 观察近视性屈光参差患者双眼高阶像差(higher order aberrations HOA)的异同.方法 用NIDEK公司的OPD-Scan波前像差仪与角膜地形图ARK-10000对双眼屈光参差≥2.0DS的近视患者进行像差检查,分别对高度数眼组和低度数眼组之高阶像差进行分析并比较.结果 高度数眼组与低度数眼组的高阶像差,球差,彗差相比均无统计学意义(P>0.05).高阶像差,球差,彗差与近视屈光度均无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 近视性屈光参差患者双眼的高阶像差,球差,彗差与屈光度无关.     

儿童屈光参差的超声生物测定分析

目的 :分析儿童屈光参差眼的眼球屈光结构与屈光不正的关系。方法 :对 30例屈光参差儿童的双眼进行了超声生物测定检查 ,同时进行角膜曲率测量和验光。结果 :发现双眼平均等效屈光度差和双眼屈光度最大径向差均与双眼眼轴长度差呈正相关 ,与双眼晶体厚度差呈负相关。结论 :眼轴长度差是产生双眼屈光参差的主要因素 ,这对这类病人的临床屈光矫正有指导意义。     

Visual deficits in anisometropia

Amblyopia is usually associated with the presence of anisometropia, strabismus or both early in life. We set out to explore quantitative relationships between the degree of anisometropia and the loss of visual function, and to examine how the presence of strabismus affects visual function in observers with anisometropia. We measured optotype acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity in 84 persons with anisometropia and compared their results with those of 27 persons with high bilateral refractive error (isoametropia) and 101 persons with both strabismus and anisometropia. All subjects participated in a large-scale study of amblyopia (McKee et al., 2003). We found no consistent visual abnormalities in the strong eye, and therefore report only on vision in the weaker, defined as the eye with lower acuity. LogMAR acuity falls off markedly with increasing anisometropia in non-strabismic anisometropes, while contrast sensitivity is much less affected. Acuity degrades rapidly with increases in both hyperopic and myopic anisometropia, but the risk of amblyopia is about twice as great in hyperopic than myopic anisometropes of comparable refractive imbalance. For a given degree of refractive imbalance, strabismic anisometropes perform considerably worse than anisometropes without strabismus - visual acuity for strabismics was on average 2.5 times worse than for non-strabismics with similar anisometropia. For observers with equal refractive error in the two eyes there is very little change in acuity or sensitivity with increasing (bilateral) refractive error except for one extreme individual (bilaterally refractive error of -15 D). Most pure anisometropes with interocular differences less than 4 D retain some stereopsis, and the degree is correlated with the acuity of the weak eye. We conclude that even modest interocular differences in refractive error can influence visual function.     

框架眼镜矫正成人高度屈光参差立体视重建的分析

目的 观察成人高度屈光参差经框架眼镜矫正后两眼立体视重建的效果.方法 以2010年1月至2011年3月就诊视光中心进行验光配镜的高度屈光参差,并戴镜后可完全耐受的69例患者为对象,年龄20～45岁.经眼部检查,无斜视及眼部其它疾病,矫正后双眼视力均为1.0.屈光参差范围球镜:4.00～5.50 DS之间,柱镜范围:0.50～1.00 DC,综合验光仪检查虽然有感觉融像但没有立体视觉.戴镜后1个月、3个月、6个月复查.结果 戴镜1个月时,立体视重建患者33例占47.8％,3个月时,立体视重建患者48例占69.6％,6个月时立体视重建患者57例占82.6％,经统计学分析,x2值分别为67.97、70.57、93.73,均P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论 对于2.50 D以上的屈光参差在患者耐受的情况下应积极进行完全矫正,矫正后因各眼所见图像的空间频率相同时可有最佳视力,使双眼视得以重建.框架眼镜矫正屈光参差对立体视的重建有着重要的临床意义.