Setting targets for sedation with a target-controlled propofol infusion

We studied 30 unpremedicated patients undergoing muscle biopsy under femoral nerve block to determine sedation levels reached with a Diprifusor target-controlled propofol infusion, in order to establish the equivalent of the ED50 for different levels of depth of sedation. Infusion was started at 0.8 microg x ml(-1) and altered by increments of 0.1 microg x ml(-1) after equilibrium between target and calculated concentrations, until the desired level of sedation was reached. The ED50 target propofol concentrations for sedation at sedation levels 2 (drowsy), 3 (drowsy, responds to verbal stimulation) and 4 (responsive to physical stimulation only) were 1.0 microg x ml(-1), 1.6 microg x ml(-1) and 2.1 microg x ml(-1), respectively. At sedation level 3, several patients exhibited spontaneous movement, hindering surgery. Oxygen supplementation is recommended for sedation at level 4.     

异丙酚病人自控镇静与靶控镇静的对比研究

目的 比较异丙酚病人自控镇静术（PCS）与靶控镇静术（TCI）在硬膜外麻醉中的应用价值。方法 32例行下肢或下腹部手术的成年患者,硬膜外麻醉满意后,随机分成两组,PCS组行病人自控镇静,单次剂量0.3mg/kg,锁定时间2min;TCI组行靶控输注,术中维持镇静深度于OAA/S镇静评分3分。监测不同时点的镇静评分、双频谱指数（BIS）、边缘频率（95％SEF）、异丙酚靶浓度（CP）及血药浓度（Cm）、术中遗忘及镇静满意程度,并比较BIS、95％SEF及Cm与镇静评分的相关性。结果 所有患者均对镇静效果满意,PCS组镇静深度较浅,异丙酚用药量较TCI组少（分别为 2.5mg·kg-1·h-1与 3.8mg·kg-1·h-1,P<0.01）,且个体差异明显。TCI组血药浓度平稳,并与靶浓度基本相符,术中及术后遗忘率较自控镇静组高（分别为31％与69％,P<0.01）。BIS与镇静评分的相关性（γ=0.73）较95％SEF及Cm高。结论 两种方法镇静效果均满意,但又各具特点。自控镇静体现了个体化给药原则,用药量较少,其合理的设置至关重要。靶控镇静的深度平稳且易于调控,遗忘良好,但由于其治疗窗较窄,需要有良好的监测。BIS是监测硬膜外麻醉中镇静深度的较敏感指标。     

硬膜外麻醉下靶控输注丙泊酚镇静对血液动力学的影响

目的 观察靶控输注（TCI）丙泊酚镇静对硬膜外麻醉患者血液动力学的影响,并确定血压降低50％的靶控浓度。方法 28例择期行硬膜外麻醉手术的患者,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄17～67岁,术中采用丙泊酚TCI镇静,靶控浓度从0．4μg／ml开始,以0．4μg／ml梯度逐渐上升,直至患者入睡并维持该浓度直至手术结束。麻醉中观察并记录SBP、DBP、MAP、HR和SpO2的变化。结果 MAP和HR随靶控浓度的升高而降低,降低的平均幅度分别为23％和11％。MAP降低50％的靶控浓度为6．31μg／ml。结论 硬膜外麻醉下丙泊酚TCI镇静时,达意识消失状态时的靶控浓度远低于EC50,镇静深度易于调控,血液动力学较稳定。     

SNAP指数监测瑞芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉患者镇静深度的可行性

目的 探讨SNAP指数（SI）监测异丙酚一瑞芬太尼麻醉患者镇静深度的可行性。方法 40例择期全麻手术男性患者，ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级，年龄18～60岁，体重指数20～30kg／m^22，随机分为R0、R2、R4、R6组，每组10例。R0组麻醉诱导时靶控输注（TCI）0．9％生理盐水，R2、R4、R6组分别以效应室靶浓度2、4、6n/MLTCI瑞芬太尼，输注10min时开始TCI异丙酚，异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度均为1．5μg／ml，每4min增加0．5μg／ml，改良警觉／镇静（OAA／S）评分为1分时给予强直刺激，记录在临床目标（改良OAA／S评分为1分、睫毛反射消失、对强直刺激反应消失）出现时SI、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）、异丙酚效应室靶浓度（Ct）、异丙酚效应室浓度（Ce），并对SI与改良OAMS评分、BIS、Ct、Ce进行直线相关分析。结果 SI与改良OAA／S评分、BIS呈正相关，SI与Ct（除外R4组）及Ce（除外R2组）呈负相关；四组睫毛反射消失时SI差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；与R0组比较，对强直刺激反应消失时其它三组SI升高，Ct及Ce降低（P〈0．05）。结论 SI可用于瑞芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉患者镇静深度的监测。     

右美托咪定同时靶控输注丙泊酚用于慢诱导纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管内插管术的临床观察

目的 观察右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)同时靶控输注(target controlled infusion,TCI)丙泊酚用于慢诱导纤维支气管镜(fiberoptic bronchoscopy,FOB)引导经鼻气管内插管术的可行性和安全性. 方法 拟行全身麻醉下颌面部肿瘤切除术的患者143例,年龄18～65岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,完全随机分为丙泊酚TCI组(P组,65例)和Dex组(D组,78例).入室后两组均静脉注射芬太尼1.5 μg/kg,TCI丙泊酚,丙泊酚初始血浆靶浓度(plasma concentration,Cp)为1.0 mg/L.D组同时负荷输注Dex(0.5μg/kg,10 min).根据BIS调整丙泊酚Cp.BIS值降至85时环甲膜穿刺注射2％丁卡因2.5 ml,1％丁卡因2ml行鼻腔黏膜表面麻醉.BIS值降至80～70时放置FOB.FOB进入声门后,两组均静脉注射丙泊酚1 mg/kg,放置气管导管并确定其位置,完成麻醉诱导.记录插管术中及术后情况,记录入室安静后(To)、BIS值降至85时(T1)、环甲膜穿刺后即刻(T2)、BIS值降至80～70时(T3)、FOB放置成功时(T4)和气管内插管成功时(T5)的HR、MAP、Sp02和BIS,记录T1和T3时丙泊酚效应室浓度(effect-site concentration,Ce). 结果 两组气管内插管难易度评分、气管内插管时间、呛咳或误吸率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与P组比较,D组气道阻塞评分升高(48/7/20/3/0比45/16/4/0/0)、舒适度升高(62/16/0/0/0比35/29/0/1/0)、插管记忆评分升高(60/18/0比62/3/0)、术后咽痛评分升高(22/55/1/0比41/20/4/0),D组血流动力学更稳定,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者T1时丙泊酚Ce差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与P组比较,D组T3时丙泊酚Ce降低[(1.00±0.20) mg/L比(1.10±0.30)mg/L](P＜0.05). 结论 负荷剂量Dex(0.5 μg/kg,10 min)辅助表面麻醉用于慢诱导FOB引导经鼻气管内插管可降低丙泊酚的Ce,舒适度更高,但应注意气道阻塞、插管知晓和术后咽痛等并发症.     

丙泊酚靶控输注在外科ICU病人清醒镇静中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)应用于外科ICU(SICU)病人清醒镇静的可行性。方法60例SICU病人随机分成四组:C组使用普通微泵连续输注丙泊酚,2 mg.kg-1.h-1;Ⅰ~Ⅲ组均使用Diprifusor TCI系统输注丙泊酚,TCI浓度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5μg/ml。监测不同时点的脑电双频指数(BIS),记录出现的不良反应,并对所有病人进行镇静/警醒评分。结果Ⅰ组各时点的镇静评分、BIS均高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和C组(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组低血压、镇静不足、过度镇静的发生率比C组少(P<0.05);Ⅰ组的镇静不足发生率高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚TCI应用于SICU病人清醒镇静对呼吸循环影响小,镇静效果理想,操作便利。     

Remifentanil concentration during target-controlled infusion of propofol

After institutional approval and with written informed consent, eight surgical patients were infused intravenously with remifentanil at 250 ngkg lean body mass (LBM)(-1) x min(-1) for 30 min. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were recorded and arterial blood samples were taken at regular intervals. In each patient, the same protocol was repeated 40 min later during propofol infused to a target concentration of 3.0 microg x ml(-1). Blood concentrations of remifentanil and propofol were assayed using capillary gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography techniques respectively. The number of subjects enrolled was determined by testing the successive areas under the remifentanil time-concentration curve (AUC) for significant difference or non-difference using sequential analysis. The median measured propofol concentration was 3.5 (range: 2.6-4.5) microg x ml(-1) which did not change significantly during the second remifentanil infusion. The median AUC during propofol infusion was greater than control in all subjects, although there was considerable variation of 94.4 (64.3-129.6) versus 64.6 (34.8-126.9) ng x ml(-1) x min; P=0.008, n=8. After 30 min, there was no significant difference in remifentanil concentration during propofol infusion when compared with remifentanil alone of 4.6 (3.2-5.7) versus 3.8 (1.6-4.9) ng x ml(-1); P=0.73, n=8. Co-administration of propofol and remifentanil may result in greater remifentanil concentrations than when remifentanil is infused alone.     

Remifentanil target-controlled infusion vs propofol target-controlled infusion for conscious sedation for awake fibreoptic intubation: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) is a technique used in patients with difficult airways. This study compares the suitability of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) to propofol TCI for conscious sedation during AFOI in patients with bona fide difficult airways. METHODS: We recruited 24, ASA I-III patients, who were undergoing sedation for elective AFOI. Patients were randomized to one of the two groups, Group P (n=10) received propofol TCI and Group R (n=14) received remifentanil TCI. Primary outcome measures were conditions achieved at endoscopy, intubation, and post-intubation, which were graded using scoring systems. Other parameters measured were the endoscopy time, intubation time, and number of attempts at intubation. A postoperative interview was conducted to determine recall of events and level of patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Endoscopy scores (0-5) and intubation scores (0-5) were significantly different [Group P 3 (1-4) vs Group R 1 (0-3) P<0.0001, Group P 3 (2-4) vs Group R 1 (0-3) P<0.0001, respectively]; with much better conditions in Group R, endoscopy times and intubation times were also significantly different, being shorter in Group R (P<0.007 and P<0.023, respectively). Patient tolerance of the procedure, judged by the discomfort scores (P<0.004) and the post-intubation scores (P<0.08), was significantly better in Group R. The level of recall for events was higher in Group R. However, there were no significant differences in the patient satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil TCI appears to provide better conditions for AFOI when compared with propofol TCI. The disadvantage of remifentanil in this setting may be a higher incidence of recall.     

丙泊酚闭环靶控输注在腹腔镜子宫切除术镇静中的应用

目的评价脑电双频谱指数(bispectral index,BIS)作为丙泊酚靶控输注的反馈控制变量用于硬膜外麻醉下腹腔镜子宫切除术病人镇静的效果. 方法 60例择期在硬膜外麻醉下行腹腔镜子宫切除术的病人,随机分为两组:反馈靶控输注组(FTCI,n=30)和靶控输注组(TCI,n=30).丙泊酚的血浆靶控浓度均设定为2 mg/L,TCI组整个手术期维持不变,FTCI组BIS作为控制变量设定在70.记录并比较两组BIS值、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的最高值和最低值、丙泊酚的单位标准化剂量、定向力恢复时间、术中的遗忘程度和满意度. 结果 FTCI及TCI组BIS最高值分别为76.1±6.4、86.0±8.6,最低值分别为69.0±4.5、60.9±11.8,组间对比有统计学意义(t = -5.058,-3.513;P=0.000);平均动脉压的最高值分别为(90.9±14.2)、(100.4±11.6)mm Hg,最低值分别为(74.2±12.5)、(63.8±13.8) mm Hg,组间对比有统计学意义(t=-2.838,-3.059;P=0.006,0.003);定向力恢复时间分别为(440.8±141.0)s、(576.4±120.5)s,两组也有统计学差异(t=-4.004,P=0.000);FTCI组丙泊酚总剂量明显低于TCI输注组[分别为(510.48±82.75)mg与(620.65±76.79)mg,t =-5.345,P=0.000],单位标准化剂量亦较低[分别为(5.08±1.26)mg和(6.02±0.86)mg,t =-3.375,P=0.001];两组术中的遗忘程度、满意度无统计学意义. 结论 BIS作为丙泊酚镇静的反馈控制变量可行,镇静深度适宜,且丙泊酚用量少,定向力恢复快,术中血流动力学稳定.     

异丙酚靶控输注时成人与小儿BIS的比较

目的探讨脑电双频谱指数（BIS）监测小儿麻醉深度的准确性,比较异丙酚靶控输注（TCI）麻醉中小儿与成人BIS的差异。方法择期手术病人68例,分为年幼组（A组,3～5岁,n= 20）、年长组（B组,6～12岁,n=20）和成年组（C组,18～55岁,n=28）,采用异丙酚TCI,初始血浆靶浓度3μg/ml,每30秒增加0.3μg/ml,意识消失（LOC）、意识恢复（ROC）时记录异丙酚的血浆靶浓度（Cp）、效应室浓度（Ce）及BIS。Ce=Cp达到2、3、4、5、6μg/ml时记录BIS。结果3组病人的BIS随着异丙酚Cp的增加而明显下降（P〈0.01）;A组和B组BIS与Cp的相关性高于C组（P〈0.01）;在相同的Cp和Ce下A组和B组的BIS均明显高于C组,A组高于B组（P〈0.01）;A组、B组和C组BIS≤40时的异丙酚Ce分别平均为6、5、3μg/ml;A组LOC和ROC时的BIS明显高于C组（P〈0.01）;C组LOC时的异丙酚Ce明显低于A组（P〈0.01）。结论在相同的异丙酚Cp和Ce下,小儿与成人BIS差别较大,年龄越小,BIS越高;在意识消失和意识恢复时,年幼小儿的BIS明显高于成人。     

靶控输注异丙酚在脑脊液中药物浓度的实验研究

目的 研究靶控效应室浓度输注异丙酚时脑脊液浓度、效应室浓度以及BIS之间的相互关系,探讨靶控效应室浓度输注的准确性。方法 选择成年健康杂种犬12只,以3μg/ml为效应室靶浓度进行靶控输注15min。取脑脊液用高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定异丙酚的浓度。同时监测BIS以及血液动力学和呼气末CO2。结果 靶控效应室浓度输注后,模拟血浆浓度与效应室浓度在10.9min时达到平衡,并维持在3μg/ml的靶浓度水平。15min停止输注后模拟血浆和效应室浓度逐渐衰减。脑脊液峰值浓度约为0.29±0.14μg/ml,但各时点的浓度值均比效应室浓度低（P<0.05）,平均为效应室浓度的18·7％。BIS与脑脊液浓度均在5min达到峰值,而效应室浓度相对滞后。且BIS与脑脊液浓度的相关性（γ=0.9195）优于效应室浓度（γ=0.554）。给药后犬的血压下降但未出现严重的心血管副作用。结论 靶控效应室浓度输注异丙酚时,效应室浓度与BIS的变化不完全一致可能是药代动力学参数造成的差异。脑脊液浓度与BIS相关较好,比血药浓度更能反映效应部位的药代学特征。     

Laryngeal mask insertion during target-controlled infusion of propofol

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA; The Laryngeal Mask Airway Co., Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus) insertion conditions produced by 6 and 8 microg/mL of target plasma concentrations (Cpt) during the induction of anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, single-blind, clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: 44 ASA physical status I and II patients, 16 to 54 years of age, weighing between 45 and 100 kg, undergoing minor surgery in which the use of LMA was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly divided into two groups (1 and 2) of 22 to compare the effects of different propofol concentrations. Three minutes after intravenous (IV) injection of midazolam 0.04 mg/kg, group 1 and 2 received TCI of propofol with 6 and 8 microg/mL of Cpt, respectively. LMA was inserted when the effect-site concentration (EC) reached 2.5 microg/mL, which was displayed on the infusion pump. MEASUREMENTS: The LMA insertion conditions (mouth opening, gagging, coughing, head or limb movement, laryngospasm, overall ease of insertion) were assessed, and hemodynamic responses were evaluated until 3 minutes after LMA insertion. Total dose of propofol, EC, and elapsed time since the start of TCI were recorded at five times: at the loss of consciousness and eyelash reflex, at 2.5 microg/mL of EC, and immediately, 1 minute, and 3 minutes after the insertion of LMA. MAIN RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in insertion conditions, despite the significantly larger total dose and shorter elapsed time (2.6 +/- 0.08 mg/kg and 109 +/- 5.0 s) in Group 2 than those (2.1 +/- 0.02 mg/kg and 140 +/- 4.1 s) in Group 1 at 2.5 microg/mL of EC (p < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased significantly throughout the study period in both groups (p < 0.05). But there was a significant decrease in arterial pressure in Group 2 compared with Group 1 1 and 3 minutes after the insertion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Induction with 8 microg/mL of Cpt, compared with 6 microg/mL, allowed earlier LMA insertion but, could not improve the conditions for LMA insertion and required more careful attention to the decrease in blood pressure after LMA insertion.     

靶控输注雷米芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉麻醉临床性能评价

目的观察不同年龄对雷米芬太尼靶控输注（TCI）药代动力学模型参数的影响、分析靶浓度与实测浓度的差值并评价TCI系统的性能。方法60例上腹部手术患者随机分为A组（28岁-44岁,n=20）,B组（45岁-64岁,n=30）,C组（65岁-80岁,n=20）。全麻诱导设定丙泊酚血浆靶控浓度3 mg／L,雷米芬太尼7μg／L。意识消失后给予维库溴铵0．1 mg／kg气管插管后行机械通气。气管插管后丙泊酚的靶控浓度降至2．5 mg/L,雷米芬太尼靶控浓度维持不变。术中调节丙泊酚的量使BIS指数维持在45-55。TCI开始后5 min、10 min、20 min、40 min、60 min、80 min、100 min、120 min抽取动脉血检测雷米芬太尼血药浓度。采用执行误差（PE）的中位数（MDPE）、执行误差的绝对中位数（MDPAE）及摆动度（wobble）评价TCI系统的性能。结果三组患者各时点血浆雷米芬太尼浓度均明显低于靶浓度。输注后5 min、10 min,C组的血浆雷米芬太尼浓度显著高于A、B组,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,而其他各时段两组间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。三组患者TCI系统偏离度（MDPE）在正常范围, MDAPE大于该范围,摆动度也较大。结论TCI时靶控浓度与实测血药浓度差异较大,老年人的药代动力学特征明显不同于青壮年,在国人使用雷米芬太尼TCI静脉麻醉时,应根据不同年龄设定靶控浓度。     

Manual compared with target-controlled infusion of propofol

We studied 160 ASA I-II patients, anaesthetized with propofol by infusion, using either a manually controlled or target-controlled infusion system. Patients were anaesthetized by eight consultant anaesthetists who had little or no previous experience of the use of propofol by infusion. In addition to propofol, patients received temazepam premedication, a single dose of fentanyl and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Each consultant anaesthetized 10 patients in sequential fashion with each system. Use of the target-controlled infusion resulted in more rapid induction of anaesthesia and allowed earlier insertion of a laryngeal mask airway. There was a tendency towards less movement in response to the initial surgical stimulus and significantly less movement during the remainder of surgery. Significantly more propofol was administered during both induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with the target-controlled system. This was associated with significantly increased end-tidal carbon dioxide measurements during the middle period of maintenance only, but recovery from anaesthesia was not significantly prolonged in the target- controlled group. With the exception of a clinically insignificant difference in heart rate, haemodynamic variables were similar in the two groups. Six of the eight anaesthetists found the target-controlled system easier to use, and seven would use the target-controlled system in preference to a manually controlled infusion. Anaesthetists without prior experience of propofol infusion anaesthesia quickly became familiar with both manual and target-controlled techniques, and expressed a clear preference for the target-controlled system.      

状态熵指数监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性

目的评价状态熵指数(SE)监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性。方法择期全麻手术患者17例,年龄21～64岁,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,靶控输注异丙酚行全麻诱导,初始效应室靶浓度设定为1.5μg/ml,效应室靶浓度达到设定浓度后1 min以0.5μg/ml的浓度梯度递增,靶控输注开始后每30秒进行1次警觉,镇静评分(OAA/S评分),直至患者意识消失(OAA/S评分≤1分),记录每次OAA/S评分即刻的SE及BIS。分析SE和BIS与OAA/S评分的相关性,计算SE和BIS的镇静深度预测概率(P_K)、患者意识消失时SE_(50)、SK_(90)、BIS_(50)、BIS_(90)及其95%可信区间。结果BIS、SE与OAA/S评分的相关系数分别为0.726(P<0.05)和0.824(P<0.05);BIS与SE的相关系数为0.855 (P<0.05);SE的镇静深度P_K(0.874±0.021)高于BIS(0.820±0.028)(P<0.05)。SE_(50)和BIS_(50)分别为59(48～65)、62(53～67),SE_(90)和BIS_(90)分别为39(16～49)、44(23～53)。结论SE监测患者靶控输注异丙酚全麻诱导时镇静深度的准确性高于BIS。     

Dental sedation for patients with intellectual disability: a prospective study of manual control versus Bispectral Index-guided target-controlled infusion of propofol

Study Objective

To investigate the use of propofol sedation using Bispectral Index (BIS)-guided target-controlled infusion (TCI) in dental patients with intellectual disability.

Design

Single-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting

Academic outpatient clinic.

Subjects

40 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients with intellectual disability.

Interventions

Patients were randomized to two groups. The manual control (MC) group (n = 20) had sedation by manually controlled infusion of propofol without a BIS index monitor. The BIS-TCI group (n = 20) had sedation by BIS-guided TCI of propofol.

Measurements

The required dose of propofol, recovery time for the eyelash reflex, and spontaneous eye opening times were recorded.

Main Results

BIS-TCI significantly reduced the dose of propofol and shortened the recovery times for eyelash reflex and spontaneous eye opening.

Conclusion

Propofol sedation using BIS-guided TCI is a useful and safe method in the management of patients with intellectual disability.     

靶控输注芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉的药效学

目的研究以血浆靶浓度(Ct)3μg/ml靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚时，50％和95％病人对切皮刺激无体动或心血管反应的芬太尼设定血浆靶浓度(Cp50和Cp95)及其量效关系。方法24例择期行全身麻醉手术的病人，ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，年龄31—65岁，按芬太尼血浆靶浓度随机分为四组，每组6例。麻醉诱导时通过TCI系统使所有病人异丙酚血浆靶浓度达到和维持3μg/ml，使各组芬太尼的血浆靶浓度分别达到1．00、1．50、2．25、3．38ng/ml。观察和记录手术切皮刺激引起的体动反应和心血管反应。分别计算抑制切皮时体动反应和心血管反应的Cp50、Cp95，并建立对切皮刺激反应的芬太尼量-效关系曲线。结果切皮时体动无反应率随设定的芬太尼靶浓度(当异丙酚Ct=3μg/ml)增加而逐渐增高，病人对切皮刺激无体动反应的Cp50为1．84ng/ml，其95％可信区间为1．46—2．33ng/ml，相应的Cp9，为5．12ng/ml，靶浓度对数剂量(x)与体动无反应率的概率单位(Y)间的回归方程为：Y=2．45X 4．35。同样，病人心血管无反应率随设定的芬太尼靶浓度增加而逐渐增高,Cp50为2．67ng/ml，其95％可信区间为(1．96—3．62)ng/ml，相应的cp95为15．85ng/ml，靶浓度对数剂量(X)与心血管无反应率的概率单位(Y)间的回归方程为：Y=2．13X 4．09。结论靶控输注异丙酚(Ct=3μg／ml)复合芬太尼麻醉，设定芬太尼靶浓度至少为5．12ng/ml，切皮时可以达到满意的麻醉深度。