颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄高分辨磁共振成像

常规血管影像学检查如CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)及MR血管成像(MR angiography,MRA)等能直接显示颅内动脉管腔情况,但不能显示管壁结构[1]。高分辨率磁共振成像(high-resolution MRI,HRMRI)已经用于颅外颈动脉     

CT血管成像技术在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值

下肢动脉疾病是动脉系统疾病中的常见病，目前彩色多普勒超声、磁共振血管成像、CT血管成像等无创性血管成像技术为诊断及制定外科治疗方案提供重要依据，尤其是随着多层螺旋CT的问世，以其亚秒级的扫描速度、薄的层厚及多种后处理重建方式使CTA成像技术在显示下肢动脉病变方面有独特优势。本文主要阐述有关螺旋CTA成像技术在诊断下肢动脉疾病的应用及三种无创性检查方法的比较。     

40层螺旋CT血管成像在下肢闭塞性动脉硬化症诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨40层螺旋CT血管成像(40-slice computedtomographic angiography,CTA)在下肢闭塞性动脉硬化症(arterioscleroticocclusive disease,ASO)诊断中的价值。方法对临床可疑下肢ASO的27例患者行CT血管成像检查,将数据在Lenonado工作站行容积再现(volume rendering,VR)、最大密度投影(maximum intensity projection,MIP)、曲面重建(curved planar reformation,CPR)及多平面重建(Multiplanar reformation,MPR)等多种后处理并结合原始图像进行综合分析。结果 27例432支血管中均存在以下不同程度的狭窄或闭塞,0级55支,Ⅰ级103支,Ⅱ级104支,Ⅲ级96支,Ⅳ级74支,下肢Ⅲ级以上狭窄最多发生在胫前动脉。9例患者术中所见与CTA一致。结论 40层螺旋CT血管成像可以清晰显示ASO的下肢动脉病变,了解下肢动脉狭窄程度及闭塞情况,对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞性病变的术前明确诊断和筛选治疗方案有很大的帮助。     

CTA与MRA诊断动脉瘤及评估动脉瘤破裂风险的比较

 目的 比较CT血管造影术(CT angiography,CTA)与磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估价值。方法 48例高度怀疑为颅内动脉瘤患者随机分为两组,每组24例,记为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,其中Ⅰ组行CTA+DSA检查,Ⅱ组行MRA+DSA检查。比较CTA及MRA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。比较CTA及MRA对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断价值。结果 MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率较CTA稍低,但二者差异无统计学意义。CTA与三维增强MR血管成像(3D CE-MRA)对5 mm以上动脉瘤的诊断能力相当,但与三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D TOF MRA)相比,CTA与CE-MRA的诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTA能更清楚地显示瘤颈。结论 CTA和MRA可作为诊断动脉瘤与动脉瘤破裂的风险评估的首要手段,CTA诊断的准确率及三维形态高于MRA。     

糖尿病下肢血管病变术前MRA诊断进展

糖尿病发病率逐年增高,糖尿病外周血管病变是严重并发症之一,日益威胁着广大患者的肢体健康。外周血管病变的术前影像学评估包括多普勒超声(DUS)、CT血管成像(CTA)、MR血管成像(MRA)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)。在影像设备和影像技术飞速发展的大背景下,本文概述了以上方法的价值、局限性及其进展,并着重总结了MRA在糖尿病下肢血管病变术前诊断方面的价值和进展。文献统计MRA无创而且诊断结果最接近DSA,是术前评价和术后长期随访的理想方法。     

64层CT颅内血管减影成像的应用研究

目的 评估64层CT减影血管成像(subtraction CT angiography,SCTA)的图像质量和在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的临床价值.资料与方法 两名影像医师对32例行SCTA和数字减影血管造影(DSA)的颅内动脉瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析,对SCTA和CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)图像质量进行比较,以DSA为金标准对SCTA和CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确性进行评估.结果 SCTA的后处理时间明显少于CTA(P<0.01),SCTA中图像质量优秀占25%(8/32),图像质量好占44%(14/32),图像质量一般占28%(9/32),图像质量较差占3%(1/32).SCTA在颅内动脉瘤整体诊断准确性和颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)段诊断准确性与CTA相比仅轻度提高(P>0.05),但在脑前动脉(前交通动脉和大脑前动脉交通后段)、大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)和后循环动脉的诊断准确性完全相同.结论 SCTA是一种减影去除邻近血管骨的有效方法,具有好的图像质量并且明显缩短了后处理时间,但诊断准确性无明显改善.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对下肢动脉系统疾病的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像术在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值及技术优势。方法:对21例疑有下肢动脉疾病患者行64层螺旋CT增强扫描,扫描范围从肾动脉水平达足底。薄层重建横断面图像传入Wizard工作站,进行血管三维重建。其中21例结合常规血管造影评价64层螺旋CT血管成像术(CTA)的准确性。结果:在441个动脉节段中,435个节段在CTA与DSA均可以显示,在DSA图像上,狭窄闭塞的节段共130个(轻度狭窄16段,中度狭窄12段,重度狭窄22段,闭塞80段),最大密度投影(MIP)显示中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为:99.1%、99.7%、99.5%。结论:64层CT血管成像是一种高度准确、非侵袭性的成像技术,在评估下肢动脉疾病方面与常规血管造影结果无明显差别,是下肢动脉疾病较好的影像学检查手段。     

多站式三维动态增强磁共振下肢血管造影成像技术进展

随着磁共振血管成像（MRA）技术不断发展成熟,多站式三维动态对比增强血管成像（3D CE MRA）应用于下肢动脉病变检查,可获得高信噪比及高分辩率的下肢血管图像,并具有无辐射、无创性、无肾毒性等优点,成为诊断下肢动脉疾病的重要检查方法,具有广阔临床前景。本文对下肢3D CE MRA的技术进展进行综述。     

多期相超短回波四维MRA在评估颅内血管狭窄中的应用价值

目的:探讨多期相超短回波四维磁共振血管成像(mUTE 4D MRA)在评估颅内血管狭窄中的应用价值.方法:前瞻性收集59例脑血管病患者的临床及影像资料,受试者均先行3D时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D TOF MRA)和mUTE 4D MRA扫描,然后在同一天行CT血管成像(CTA)检查.由2位神经影像医师采用双盲法对血管...     

16层螺旋CT对下肢动脉阻塞性病变的诊断价值

下肢动脉阻塞疾病的诊断方法很多,彩超、磁共振血管成像(MR angiography,MRA)、CT增强、数字减影血管造影(d igitalsubtraction angiography,DSA)、选择性血管造影术等。每种方法各有优缺点。16层螺旋CT下肢动脉血管成像弥补了上述方法的一些不足,是一项高度准确的成像技术和非侵袭性检查方法。1材料与方法1.1临床资料24例疑有下肢动脉硬化、阻塞性病变患者,男21例,女3例,年龄53~78岁,平均69岁。下肢疼痛21例,下肢肿胀13例,足背动脉减弱22例,趾端变黑或坏疽9例,1例截肢后又腹主动脉下段闭塞。11例行彩超检查提示动脉狭窄或闭塞。1.2扫…     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.