鼻内镜下上颌窦囊肿的手术治疗

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下切除上颌窦囊肿的方法.方法于鼻窦内窥镜下行中鼻道开窗、下鼻道开窗及中鼻道、下鼻道联合开窗术治疗上颌窦囊肿32例.结果所有囊肿均在内窥镜下完整切除,随访0.5～1年无复发.结论应用鼻内窥镜切除上颌窦囊肿创伤小,操作简便,治疗效果确切,是治疗上颌窦囊肿的有效方法.     

上颌窦前壁开窗联合鼻内镜手术治疗单纯上颌窦囊肿27例分析

目的 探讨单纯上颌窦囊肿的手术治疗方法.方法 对我院2004年7月～2009年1月27例单纯性上颌窦囊肿患者行上颌窦前壁开窗联合鼻内镜摘除术.结果 27例均经病理证实,随访6月,恢复良好,症状改善明显.结论 上颌窦前壁开窗联合鼻内镜手术治疗单纯上颌窦囊肿效果可,治愈率高.     

上颌窦囊肿手术进路的选择

目的探讨鼻内镜下3种摘除上颔窦囊肿进路的选择。方法本组上颌窦囊肿共32例,术前均经鼻窦CT扫描和鼻内镜检查,明确鼻腔情况、囊肿的大小及位置。其中8例伴鼻窦炎鼻息肉者,经中鼻道自然口开放术进路行Messerkling术;19例单纯上颌窦囊肿患者,鼻内镜下经改良柯-陆进路行囊肿摘除术,另5例采用下鼻道开窗进路行囊肿摘除术。结果术后随访6个月～1年,鼻窦CT冠状位扫描或鼻内镜检查,19例经改良柯-陆进路者术后无复发;8例经中鼻道自然口开放术进路者,2例复发,1例术后窦口闭锁,中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连;5例经下鼻道开窗进路者,1例复发,2例失访。结论3种术式各有优缺点,临床中应根据不同情况酌情选用。     

经上颌窦前壁双管穿刺径路治疗上颌窦囊肿

目的 研究上颌窦囊肿的手术治疗方法,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法 对40例上颌窦囊肿患者行经上颌窦前壁双管穿刺径路鼻内镜手术治疗。结果 术后均无牙列酸痛、面部麻木等不适,单纯上颌窦囊肿患者均术后3 d出院。随诊3个月至半年经鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查,无脓性分泌物,未见囊肿复发。结论 经上颌窦前壁双管穿刺径路治疗上颌窦囊肿具有手术方法简单、治愈率高、创伤小的优点,可减轻患者痛苦,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻内镜下摘除上颌窦囊肿的术式探讨

上颌窦囊肿在临床上并不罕见,好发于上颌窦的下壁及内壁,传统的治疗方法为上颌窦根治术。随着微创外科及功能性内镜鼻窦手术的开展,传统的柯-陆手术已逐步被鼻内镜手术所替代。我们采用鼻内镜下4种不同径路切除上颌窦囊肿：①扩大上颌窦自然开口径路,②下鼻道开窗径路,     

鼻内窥镜下下鼻道开窗切除上颌窦囊肿62例

中纯上颌窦囊肿发病率较低,传统以外的手术方法报道不多,我科于1998年4月至2001年1月收治单纯上颌窦囊肿62例,采用鼻内窥镜下下鼻道开窗进路切除囊肿,取得了满意效果,方法如下。     

鼻内镜下单纯上颌窦囊肿切除手术径路的选择

目的 探讨鼻内镜下切除单纯上颌窦囊肿手术径路的选择策略.方法 选择鼻内镜下单纯上颌窦囊肿切除的47例患者(52侧)进行回顾性分析.其中采用下鼻道黏膜瓣下开窗径路者36侧,改良泪前隐窝径路者16侧,观察两种径路的治疗效果.结果 术后随访6～12个月,经下鼻道径路手术者36侧中有1侧复发;经改良泪前隐窝径路者16侧无复发....     

下鼻道径路刨削系统在切除上颌窦息肉、囊肿中的临床应用

2003年以来,我们自下鼻道径路,在鼻窦镜下用动力刨削系统切除上颌窦息肉、囊肿45例,患者8～76岁,平均45岁;男24例,女21例.上颌窦息肉28例,单侧16例,双侧12例;有症状的上颌窦囊肿17例,单侧11例,双侧6例.手术器械为鼻窦内窥镜及动力刨削系统.根据患者年龄和病变范围采取麻醉方式,儿童及病变范围较大者多用气管插管全身麻醉,病变范围较小者用表面麻醉+局部麻醉.在鼻窦镜引导下,于下鼻道近前端约1.5cm处用锯齿状穿刺针旋转行上颌窦穿剌术,退出针后去除骨片并扩大成为1.0cm×1.0cm的窗口.在鼻窦镜下将上颌窦内咬取部分息肉或囊壁并送病检,其余息肉或囊壁用动力刨削系统切除干净.由于上颌窦息肉多合并鼻息肉,同时应用动力刨削系统切除,且一并切除钩突、筛泡、扩大上颌窦自然开口.其它鼻窦如有病变,也同时处理.术后予以抗炎、止血治疗.术后1～2d抽出鼻腔填塞止血海绵,第3天冲洗上颌窦,出院后定期在门诊行鼻窦镜检查.45例术后均获随访,1年后复查均无息肉或囊肿复发,上颌窦自然开口及下鼻道开窗良好,无闭锁.鼻腔、鼻窦黏膜正常.     

经鼻内镜开窗治疗上颌骨囊肿

目的探讨上颌骨囊肿的的治疗方法。方法根据囊肿的大小、累及上颌窦范围和离上颌窦自然开口距离,采用扩大上颌窦自然口中鼻道开窗3例、下鼻道开窗或鼻底开窗4例、泪前隐窝入路+下鼻道开窗9例,手术切除完全囊肿囊壁或部分切除,囊肿与上颌窦有间隔的将间隔完全去除,使囊肿与上颌窦融合为一个腔,保证囊肿腔与上颌窦、鼻腔引流通畅。结果术后随访6～24个月,平均随访12个月,15例面部胀感消失,未出现面部隆起,定期复查鼻内镜及鼻窦CT,囊肿术腔黏膜均于术后2～3个月上皮化,囊肿均无复发,术腔、鼻窦腔引流通畅。1例因开窗口小致开窗口闭合,但囊肿较前明显缩小,半年后再次开窗后囊肿未见复发。结论经鼻内镜开窗治疗上颌骨囊肿简便、安全、创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切、复发率低,术后便于观察术腔情况,尤其适合侵犯鼻腔底或上颌窦的上颌骨囊肿。     

鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变

目的经鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变,并探讨其适应证、并发症及手术方式。方法回顾性分析43例经鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变的病例,其中术前及术后病理确诊的上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤15例,窦内病变镜下检出菌丝或孢子的真菌性上颌窦炎8例,上颌窦囊肿12例,上颌窦后鼻孔息肉6例,上颌窦异物2例。所有病例手术前均行鼻窦冠状位或水平位CT扫描。患者在局麻下以下鼻甲前缘为中心切口,解剖内移鼻泪管-下鼻甲瓣经泪前隐窝进入上颌窦腔处理上颌窦内病变,复位鼻泪管-下鼻甲瓣,缝合手术切口并行下鼻道开窗。结果 43例患者术中均完全清除窦内病变,术后随访6～24个月,下鼻甲形态愈合良好,术腔上皮化,无溢泪、面部麻木等并发症。2例上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤术后6个月局部复发,原手术入路切除,随访1 8个月无复发。3例术后鼻腔粘连,局部分离,随访12个月无复发。结论经鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路进入上颌窦是一种微创、安全、有效的处理上颌窦良性病变的手术方式,可作为鼻内镜下经中鼻道行上颌窦自然口开窗无法彻底切除窦内病变组织的首选治疗方法。     

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.     

外伤及手术后鼻窦黏液囊肿形成(附22例报告)

目的:分析手术及外伤后鼻窦黏液囊肿形成的原因,探讨手术治疗方法及避免囊肿复发的措施.方法:回顾性分析22例鼻窦手术及外伤后形成黏液囊肿的病例.结果:所有患者均于鼻内镜下行囊肿切除术.1例额窦黏液囊肿术后1年后复发,2例术后复查见中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连.结论:鼻窦手术及外伤后可致黏液囊肿形成.鼻窦外伤骨折部位应尽量固定,黏膜复位;鼻窦手术中宜保持中鼻甲稳定性、保留窦内正常黏膜,术后密切随访,以减少囊肿复发.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分别为９２．９％和８０．４％（随访６个月时）。回顾性观察５１例施ＣａｌｄｗｅｌＬｕｃ术的患者，下鼻道造口的术后开放率仅为４０．６％。分析３８张单侧鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的鼻窦ＣＴ片，测量对照侧与病变侧的上颌窦口膜样部的上下径和前后径，差异无显著性。病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论鼻内窥镜下处理上颌窦自然开口的关键是窦口周围的解剖异常因素。     

Ethmomaxillary sinus

Ethmomaxillary sinus is a variation of the posterior ethmoid cells. It is formed by the extension of the posterior ethmoid cells into the maxillary sinus and drains into superior nasal meatus. It is incidentally seen on paranasal sinus computerized tomography (CT) scans. Its prevalence has been reported as 0.7 and 2% in two studies. In this study, paranasal CT scans of 466 patients were investigated for the presence of ethmomaxillary sinus. The patients had paranasal CT with the preliminary diagnoses of septal deviation, chronic inflammatory paranasal sinus disease and nasal turbinate disorders. The ethmomaxillary sinus was present in nine of those patients (1.93%). It was septated in one of them. The CTs were further investigated for other anatomical variations and co-existent mucosal disease of the paranasal sinuses.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎，鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法 配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎，鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果 窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分分别为９２．９％和８０．４％。     

Microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery

We prospectively studied the native microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery in 113 patients (mean age: 41.3 yr). After each patient had regained complete mucosalization (minimum follow-up: 6 wk), we obtained a bacterial swab of the ethmoid sinus and submitted it for culture and sensitivity analysis. We then compiled data on sensitivity patterns and the number and type of bacteria isolated. Of the 113 patients, 67 (59.3%) had positive cultures, 26 (23.0%) had sterile cultures, and 20 (17.7%) had normal flora. Multiple bacteria were isolated in 31 of the 113 patients (27.4%). The most common isolates were gram-positive cocci, and the most common bacteria were staphylococcal species. A significant degree (42.9%) of beta-lactamase resistance was exhibited. We conclude that the ethmoid sinus is not microbiologically sterile following endoscopic sinus surgery.     

The variant type of preauricular sinus: postauricular sinus

OBJECTIVE: Preauricular sinuses (PAS) are common congenital malformations that usually occur at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, but the positions of PAS and directions on the fistular tracts are rarely posterior to the external auditory canal (EAC), which presents as a postauricular swelling. We named these cases as the variant type of PAS ('postauricular sinuses'), and compared their clinical manifestations with those of the classical type. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had undergone preauricular fistulectomy from 2002 to 2006. These patients were then categorized into two groups according to the position of the preauricular sinus sac. The classical group was defined as the group of patients with sacs located on the (superior) anterior to the EAC, and the variant group as those whose sacs are located on the posterior site of the EAC. We analyzed the incidence, previous histories, clinical manifestations, recurrence rates, and surgical techniques of the variant type of preauricular sinuses and compared them with those of the classical type. RESULTS: Eleven (10.9%) of 101 patients were diagnosed with preauricular sinuses of the variant type. The male to female ratios of the classical and the variant groups were 44:46 and 7:4, respectively. The average age of the patients was approximately 11 to 13 years in both groups. All variant types of preauricular sinuses showed preauricular pits located posterior to the imaginary line that connects the tragus with the posterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, unlike the classical type. Most (72.8%) of the fistular tracts of the variant type were directed in the posterior-middle direction from the pits. The variant types were operated with a dual approach using preauricular and retroauricular incisions, unlike the classical type, and the recurrence rate was 0% (compared with 2.2% in the classical type). CONCLUSION: Frequent postauricular infected swellings may indicate the presence of the variant type of preauricular sinuses. The variant type of preauricular sinuses presenting in the postauricular area were found to have an unusual location of the fistula pit that was positioned posterior to the imaginary tragal extended line. A comprehensive physical examination of the preauricular pits should be performed to avoid incomplete excision of the variant types.