纵隔肿瘤15例诊治体会

2007年5月～2009年3月经手术和病理诊断的纵隔肿瘤共15例,包括胸腺类瘤5例,神经源性3例,畸胎样瘤1例,间叶组织瘤2例,胸内甲状腺2例,其他2例.对这15例诊治分析,认为:(1)纵隔肿瘤的诊断:病史、症状、体征结合X线检查术前多能确诊.(2)切口的选择:除胸腺癌,胸腺瘤并重症肌无力.胸骨后甲状腺及突向双侧胸腔的肿瘤采用正中切口外其余均采用后外侧切口.(3)胸腺瘤,良性者提倡术后放疗以防复发,并重症肌无力者术中术后应合理应用抗胆碱酯酶药.(4)神经源性,胸顶部者应注意勿伤臂丛神经;椎管内呈哑铃状者应分期手术.(5)畸胎瘤:对于巨大瘤体者可采用破囊减压;合并肺部并发症者主张肺叶一并切除.(6)囊性畸胎瘤术前及术中切开前应注意与主动脉瘤相鉴别.     

胸腺肿瘤及重症肌无力外科治疗体会

我科自 1993年以来对 2 7例胸腺瘤及重症肌无力外科治疗 ,回顾分析 2 2例 ,现将体会报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组患者共 2 2例 ,男 6例 ,女 16例 ,年龄 10～ 6 0岁 ,其中合并重症肌无力 6例 (占 2 7.3% ) ;胸腺增生合并重症肌无力 5例。单纯胸腺肿瘤切除 10例 ,全胸腺 (及肿瘤 )切除及纵隔脂肪组织清除术 11例 ,肿瘤基本切除 4例 ,姑息性切除 2例。1.2　手术方法　手术采用全麻下胸骨正中劈开切口 ,其目的是彻底切除胸腺组织及其周围的所有脂肪组织 (即可能存在的所谓生发中心 ) ,此组病人几乎都有胸腺组织增生 ,对此清除得彻…     

52例胸腺瘤外科治疗的临床分析

目的报告1986年9月至2000年8月手术治疗52例胸腺瘤的结果,探讨胸腺瘤的最佳治疗方案.方法采用胸部正中切口,彻底清除前纵隔内的脂肪组织及并位胸腺.术后综合治疗,防止肿瘤的复发.对伴有重症肌无力的患者,术前应改善症状,术后防治危象的发生.结果44例术后恢复顺利,8例伴重症肌无力病人术后48～72小时内发生肌无力危象,5例病人需长期服用抗胆碱酯酶药物.9例术后2～5年局部复发或胸膜肺转移,其中3例二次手术;五年生存率23.08%.结论胸腺瘤尽早手术,要彻底清除前纵隔内的脂肪组织,术后进行化疗和/或放疗(Masaoka临床分期除外Ⅰ期),以防止肿瘤复发,提高生存率和生活质量.     

扩大胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力30例报告

目的:探讨重症肌无力的外科治疗和围手术期处理。方法:30例患者均采用胸骨正中切口,术中完全切除胸腺组织,同时彻底清除前纵隔脂肪组织,术前后应用抗胆碱酯酶药物和肾上腺皮质激素,出现肌无力危象者予气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸,加强抗感染治疗和营养支持治疗。结果:术后2例出现肌无力危象,经抢救好转,余均恢复顺利,术后随访5个月~5年,症状完全缓解14例,改善11例,无效2例,死亡3例。结论:胸骨正中切口行扩大胸腺切除术是治疗重症肌无力的有效方法,对重症肌无力病人应及早行手术治疗。     

纵隔肿瘤225例诊断及外科治疗

目的　总结纵隔肿瘤的诊断和外科特殊处理方法。方法　该组225例纵隔肿瘤中以畸胎瘤、胸腺瘤及神经源性肿瘤居多。手术选择胸骨正中或胸后外侧两种切口入路,肿瘤切除197例,单纯探查活检28例。结果　术后死亡1例。随访2个月～23a,良性肿瘤术后预后良好,无肿瘤复发;恶性纵隔肿瘤术后辅以放疗和(或)化疗,疗效尚满意。结论　①X线,CT,MRI和胸腔镜是纵隔肿瘤的主要诊治手段,本病一旦确诊应手术治疗。②强调良性肿瘤切除要彻底,防止复发。③对纵隔恶性肿瘤,主张术前或术后辅以放疗或化疗,可提高手术切除和术后生存率     

重症肌无力的外科治疗

目的探讨重症肌无力的手术治疗及其效果。方法19倒重症肌无力病人，采用胸骨正中劈开切口（18例）和颈横切口（1例），彻底切除胸腺及纵隔内脂肪组织，术中不用肌松剂。对病情严重者胸腺切除同时或术后早期行气管切开。结果术后早期死亡1例，18例随访1mo～25a，症状完全缓解8例，改善8例，无变化1例，死亡1例。病理诊断：胸腺癌9例（其中恶性3例）；胸腺增生7例；胸腺结核1例；胸腺未见异常2例。结论无论病人年龄大小或胸腺病理类型如何，胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力疗效满意。     

重症肌无力外科治疗72例报告

目的：探讨重症肌无力外科治疗的机理，疗效及围手术期处理。方法：胸骨正中入路或胸腺瘤切除及周围脂肪组织清扫。结果：术后死于呼衰2例。术后3a死于复发1例。87%病例有效（完全停药 小剂量维持），13%无缓解，结论：重症肌无力病人，特别是有胸腺增生或胸腺瘤者，应积极手术治疗，多数可获得良好疗效。     

胸腺摘除及前纵隔脂肪廓清术治疗重症肌无力

目的 探讨胸腺摘除及前纵隔脂肪组织廓清术治疗重症肌无力的临床价值。方法 １９８９－１９９８年对５８例重症肌无力患者术前给予抗胆碱酯酶药物口服,除２例外均采用胸骨正中切口,完整摘除胸腺及廓清前纵隔脂肪组织。结果 经１－６年随访,缓解３２例,改善２１例,缓解和改善率为９１．６％,术后死亡１例。结论 应用胸腺摘除及前纵隔脂肪组织廓清术治疗重症肌无力远期效果良好。     

Ⅲ期恶性胸腺瘤的手术治疗

0　引言　我院 1994/ 1999年对 13例 期恶性胸腺瘤患者施行了肿瘤切除术 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料　本组男 10例 ,女 3例 .平均年龄 42岁 .重症肌无力 2例 ,发现颈部包块 1例 ,出现上腔静脉梗阻症 1例 ,胸痛、胸闷 5例 .胸腔积液共 5例 ,4例单侧 ,1例双侧 .X线及CT检查均示 :纵隔包块 (前纵隔或左右上纵隔 ) .B超示 :纵隔实质性包块 .纤维支气管镜检查 :气管 ,主支气管呈外压性改变的 5例 .胸骨正中切口 5例 ,后外侧切口者 6例 ,前外侧切口 1例 ,双侧前外侧切口加横断胸骨者 1例 .术中升主动脉及主动脉弓受累者 7例 ,上腔静脉受累者 5例…     

胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力临床分析

目的 探讨胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的疗效.方法 所有病人均采用胸骨正中切口,切除胸腺及前纵隔脂肪组织,手术范围上至颈部甲状腺下极,下至膈肌,两侧达肺门膈神经前缘.术后随访6～12个月,平均10个月.结果 术后症状缓解16例,无效4例,术后2 d死于肌无力危像1例.有效率为71.4%.结论 外科手术是治疗重症肌无力的有效方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.