立体定向^32P内放射治疗老年颅咽管瘤

目的评价立体定向32P内放射治疗对老年颅咽管瘤的治疗效果。方法对26例老年颅咽管瘤患者进行立体定向放射性核素囊内置入内放射治疗。26例中,12例行无框架立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗术,14例行有框架立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗术,其中10例结合伽玛刀治疗肿瘤实体部分。结果立体定向穿刺抽出囊液1.5～27ml（平均11.3ml）。11例患者术后当日即出现视力及视野不同程度的改善。本组无严重并发症及手术死亡。共有22例获得12个月至6年（平均55个月）的随访。4例死亡。18例中,肿瘤有效控制率为83.3%。10例结合伽玛刀治疗者,9例得到随访,对实体部分的有效控制率为88.9%。结论老年颅咽管瘤患者,不能耐受开颅手术治疗或手术后残留、复发的,可采用立体定向囊液抽吸＋32P内放疗,对有实性部分者,联合伽玛刀治疗,是治疗老年颅咽管瘤的一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

伽玛刀与内放疗治疗颅咽管瘤的进展

颅咽管瘤的治疗仍以经蝶窦手术切除为首选。近年来以伽玛刀与立体定向核素间质内放疗相结合成为了安全有效的治疗方法。实体性、直径<3.0cm的颅咽管瘤单独用伽玛刀照射;囊实混合性者以伽玛刀治疗实体部分,囊性部分采用立体定向技术抽出囊液,注入32P行间质内放疗,均能有效控制肿瘤生长。本文就有关内容进行综述。     

联合应用立体定向间质内放疗及γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤

目的寻求手术后残留或复发颅咽管瘤的新治疗方法;并评价立体定向囊内间质内放疗结合伽玛刀(γ-刀)治疗的有效性和安全性.方法应用立体定向囊内核素置入间质内放疗结合γ-刀治疗82例手术后残留或复发的颅咽管瘤,其中男54例,女28例,年龄3～70岁.对实体肿瘤为主者,先行囊内穿刺核素内放疗,再行γ-刀照射治疗共21例;对囊性肿瘤为主者,则先行实体部分肿瘤γ-刀治疗,再行囊性部分的核素内放疗,共61例.结果 70例患者接受12～54个月(平均33.4个月)的随访,对实体肿瘤为主、囊性肿瘤为主以及总有效控制率分别为94.1%、 92.5%和92.9%.无手术死亡及严重并发症发生.结论γ-刀结合立体定向囊内放射疗法,能够安全有效地治疗颅咽管瘤术后残留,复发以及不适宜手术治疗的囊实性混合性颅咽管瘤.     

立体定向Ommaya管置入并~(32)P内放疗治疗术后复发囊性颅咽管瘤(附13例临床分析)

目的探讨开颅术后复发囊性颅咽管瘤的治疗方法。方法对我科13例复发囊性颅咽管瘤患者应用立体定向穿刺、Ommaya管置入反复抽吸囊液,配合32P内放疗治疗。术后长期随访观察疗效。结果在手术抽出囊液后,大多数患者临床症状和体征迅速改善。全部患者术后随访6～60个月,平均32.4个月。经影像学检查证实,术后囊腔消失、肿瘤无复发8例;肿瘤明显缩小、囊腔不足5ml者4例;1例多囊性肿瘤控制不理想,囊腔反复增大,多次门诊穿刺抽液,仅能控制症状。肿瘤总的有效控制率为92.3%。无手术相关死亡及严重并发症发生。结论联合应用立体定向Ommaya管置入反复抽吸囊液,配合32P内放疗的方法,可以安全有效的治疗复发囊性颅咽管瘤。     

囊性、囊实性颅咽管瘤的立体定向囊内放疗

目的研究CT、MRI引导立体定向囊内放射治疗囊性和囊实性颅咽管瘤的疗效。方法对100例囊性和囊实性颅咽管瘤的囊性部分行CT、MRI引导立体定向囊腔内置入Ommaya,吸除囊液、注入胶体磷酸铬,对囊实性颅咽管瘤的实质部分行伽玛刀治疗。结果全部病例经手术排出囊液后临床症状迅速改善,经囊腔内放疗后6～84个月随访90例病人,CT及MRI扫描显示42例瘤腔持续消失,临床症状消失,恢复正常工作和学习;18例肿瘤显著缩小,症状持续改善;20例肿瘤无明显改变;复发10例,其中再手术6例;死亡7例。结论CT、MRI引导立体定向放射治疗囊性颅咽管瘤安全、有效。     

颅咽管瘤的伽玛刀治疗

目的 探讨伽玛刀治疗颅咽管瘤的疗效、适应证及并发症。方法 自1993年11月至2000年12月,使用伽玛刀治疗实体颅咽管瘤86例。其中50例行立体定向穿刺囊性部分,44例进行同位素~(32)P内放疗。治疗病灶体积0.7～26.9cm~3,平均5.37cm~3。中心剂量19.6～30Gy,平均24.6Gy。边缘剂量9.8～14Gy,平均12.4Gy。视神经和视束受照剂量小于10Gy。采用45％～55％等剂量曲线。结果 79例获随访,随访10～88个月,平均随访47个月。实体肿瘤部分控制率为88.6％(70/79),囊性部分控制有效率79.3％(50/63)。结论 手术切除仍是颅咽管瘤的首选治疗方法。伽玛刀治疗实质性颅咽管瘤,安全且有效,是手术切除后肿瘤残留复发和颅咽管瘤囊腔内同位素内放疗后等治疗手段的重要补充。对于不愿接受手术或不能耐受手术切除的患者,伽玛刀治疗也是有效的治疗选择。     

立体定向置管内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤

目的研究颅咽管瘤的最佳治疗方法.方法对40例囊性颅咽管瘤病人,采用立体定向穿刺囊内置管定期抽吸囊液并注入放射性同位素32P,行肿瘤内放射治疗.我们使用ASA-601S型高精度脑立体定向仪,CT导向下,定向穿刺,并导入内经约1.5cm硅胶管,连接头皮下的Ommaya贮液囊并固定于颅骨钻孔处,然后行32P间质内放疗,每次按每克肿瘤组织0.15～0.2mCi,放射剂量计算,单次剂量为0.7～11.25mCi,平均2.48mCi,注入胶体磷酸铬体积0.4～6ml,平均2.5ml,给药间隔时间一个月.共治疗2～3次.结果临床症状均立即改善,双眼视力较术前明显提高,视野增宽,高颅压症状缓解.全组病人术后均未出现内分泌及神经损害症状,出院时复查视力,除术前视力丧失的4例无恢复外,其余病人视力平均提高0.4.结论立体定向穿刺囊内置管定期抽吸囊液并注入放射性同位32P行肿瘤内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤为一方法简单、疗效确切的手术方法.     

脑立体定向手术并Ⅰ125粒子植入治疗颅咽管瘤的探讨

目的探讨立体定向手术并Ⅰ¹²⁵粒子植入治疗颅咽管瘤的可行性。方法对31例颅咽管瘤患者行立体定位抽吸囊液,而后植入Ⅰ¹²⁵粒子。结果术后31例患者症状均得到明显改善,术后16-32周复查瘤体未见复发,患者状态良好。无严重手术并发症。结论立体定向合并粒子植入治疗颅咽管瘤具有安全、经济、损伤小,近期和远期效果均良好。     

老年颅咽管瘤的伽玛刀治疗

目的总结老年颅咽管瘤的伽玛刀治疗经验。方法回顾性分析20例老年颅咽管瘤的临床资料。头痛9例,视力、视野缺损14例,多饮、多尿15例。其中以囊性肿瘤为主12例,先行立体定向囊液抽吸术,再行伽玛刀治疗;肿瘤较大、不愿手术5例,先行局部普通外照射后再补充伽玛刀治疗;以实性肿瘤为主3例,肿瘤与周围重要结构有一定距离,单纯行伽玛刀治疗。结果伽玛刀治疗后均随访,时间6个月～5年。9例头痛病人中,治疗后消失7例,2例改善。14例视力、视野缺损病人治疗后均改善。15例多饮、多尿病人中治疗后消失8例,改善5例,加重2例。无并发症。影像学检查结果显示:肿瘤完全消失4例,缩小14例,增大2例,有效控制率为90%。结论对于老年颅咽管瘤采用立体定向囊液抽吸术后、放疗后辅助或单纯伽玛刀治疗,肿瘤控制率高,并发症少,是一种有效、可行的治疗方法。     

立体定向手术治疗颅内囊性病变

目的 探讨立体定向手术治疗颅内囊性病变的手术方法 、有效性及优点. 方法 回顾性分析北京军区总医院神经外科自2002年12月至2009年11月采用立体定向手术治疗的29例颅内囊性病变患者(病灶37个)的临床资料,其中颅咽管瘤11例,胶质瘤5例,转移瘤3例,脑脓肿10例.18例肿瘤患者行Ommaya囊置入及32P内放疗[32内放疗剂量根据囊性病变体积,平均为800 μCi(500～1500 μCi)],1例单纯抽液后外放疗;10例脑脓肿患者置管引流8例,穿刺冲洗2例.结果 本组无手术出血及死亡患者.患者随访1～60月,平均10.6月,4例因无法联系而失访.11例颅咽管瘤患者(病灶11个)经32P内放疗症状稳定无复发.8例其他肿瘤患者(病灶12个)中有5例控制症状5～48月,3例无效(转移瘤2例,胶质母细胞瘤1例).10例脑脓肿患者(病灶14个)经穿刺引流症状消失治愈.2例颅咽管瘤患者32P内放疗后出现一过性尿崩、低热及呕吐. 结论 立体定向手术对于脑脓肿、囊性颅咽管瘤、体积不大的深部胶质瘤及转移瘤而言,较传统开颅手术具有明显的优势,但对体积较大、难于短期控制瘤液分泌的囊性转移瘤效果不佳.     

囊性颅咽管瘤立体定向内放疗的长期疗效分析

目的探讨颅咽管瘤内放疗的长期治疗结果。方法对743例立体定向32 P内放疗的囊性颅咽管瘤患者进行长期疗效回顾性分析,术后门诊复查及电话随访10～20年(平均12.2年)。结果 743例颅咽管瘤治疗情况。CT/MR影像复查肿瘤体积变化:肿瘤消失416例(56.0%),明显缩小(>50%)221例(29.7%),无变化65例(8.7%),肿瘤复发41例(5.5%);临床症状:神经功能改善620例(83.4%),无变化73例(9.8%),恶化42例(5.7%),死亡9例(1.2%)。结论临床所见颅咽管瘤多数呈囊实性或囊性,可经此疗法治愈。立体定向内放疗不仅创伤较小,对囊性颅咽管瘤长期疗效也令人满意。     

颅咽管瘤按发生位置分型和命名——附手术入路与切除方法

目的介绍按颅咽管瘤发生位置来分型方法,并探讨其临床价值。方法回顾性分析215例颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料,根据术前影像学资料、术中发现将颅咽管瘤划分为4种类型,即：Ⅰ型,鞍内颅咽管瘤;Ⅱ型,鞍上颅咽管瘤;Ⅲ型,室下颅咽管瘤;Ⅳ型,室前颅咽管瘤。结果59例Ⅰ型颅咽管瘤全部采用翼点入路切除肿瘤,全切除率为83.1%（49/59）;75例Ⅱ型颅咽管瘤中,74例采用翼点入路,1例采用翼点联合胼胝体入路,全切率为82.7%（62/75）;49例Ⅲ型颅咽管瘤,全部采用翼点入路,全切除率为93.9%（46/49）;32例Ⅳ型颅咽管瘤,全部采用胼胝体入路,全切除率为93.8%（30/32）。结论按发生位置来分型颅咽管瘤是可行的,并使其各自成为相对独立的疾病,更有利于在制定诊疗方案和疗效评价上达成共识。     

CT立体定向囊腔内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤

目的：研究治疗囊性颅咽管瘤最佳治疗方法。方法：对３４例囊性颅咽管瘤进行ＣＴ立体定向囊腔内胶体磷酸铬内放疗。结果：全部病例经手术排除囊液后临床症状迅速改善，经囊腔内放疗后１２～６６个月随访，ＣＴ扫描显示２８例（８２．５％）瘤腔持续消失，３例（８．８％）瘤腔显著缩小，症状持续改善。３例（８．８％）分别于１９、２５、３６个月后因瘤实质部分增大，症状恶化而相继死亡。无手术死亡率和严重并发症。结论：ＣＴ立体定向囊腔内放疗治疗囊性颅咽管瘤十分安全、有效，应作为治疗囊性颅咽管瘤首选的方法。     

立体定向内放疗联合γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤

目的评价立体定向穿刺引流加内放疗结合γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析26例手术后复发性囊实性颅咽管瘤的治疗经验。对16例肿瘤实体部分靠近视神经、视交又及视束者，先行立体定向穿刺抽吸加核素内放疗，再行γ-刀治疗；对10例肿瘤囊性部分靠近视神经、视交又及视束者，先行γ-刀治疗，再行穿刺抽吸加核素内放疗。结果随访6～42个月，平均24．5个月；临床症状和体征消失10例，改善13例，无变化2例，加重1例。影像学检查结果显示病变消失4例，缩小17例，无变化3例。增大2例；有效控制率为92．3％。结论对复发性囊实性颅咽管瘤联合应用立体定向穿刺抽吸引流、^32P内放疗及γ-刀等治疗手段，具有并发症少，复发率及病死率低等优点。     

囊性颅咽管瘤内置管囊小剂量多次化疗的疗效观察

目的探索神经外科综合治疗位于视丘下部附近区域的囊性颅咽管瘤之方法。方法选择16例囊性或以囊性为主的颅咽管瘤,在CT介导立体定向内窥镜下切除部分囊壁或肿瘤实质,排除囊液减压后囊内置入Ommaya管,术后经反复抽吸囊液,并反复注入小剂量博来霉素30～40次。结果16例经治疗后视力、视野障碍明显好转,7例有颅内压增高者术后缓解。CT显示瘤腔缩小,无手术死亡,术后视丘下部功能紊乱反应轻。14例获随访2～3年,临床症状明显改善。结论该疗法安全、简便、有效,是采用微侵袭神经外科手段治疗颅咽管瘤的有效方法,有一定的临床应用价值。     

颅咽管瘤的临床特征与预后的相关因素分析

目的研究影响颅咽管瘤术后治疗效果的相关临床因素。方法回顾性分析60例颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切40例,次全切14例,大部分切除6例;症状改善（有效）44例,恶化10例,死亡6例。术后病理学结果显示釉质上皮型49例,鳞状乳头型11例。釉质上皮型肿瘤直径为2-4cm所占比例（32．7％,16／49）明显低于鳞状乳头型（81．8％,9／11,P〈0．05）,而直径〉4cm所占比例（61．2％,30／49）明显高于鳞状乳头型（9．1％,1／11,P〈0．05）,釉质上皮型肿瘤呈实性所占比例（6．8％,4／49）明显低于鳞状乳头型（36．4％,4／11,P〈0．05）。手术有效的患者中肿瘤大部分切除所占比例（2．3％,1／44）明显低于手术无效（恶化＋死亡）的患者（31．3％,5／16,P〈0．05）。结论不同病理学类型的颅咽管瘤患者在肿瘤大小及肿瘤成分上存在较大差异,肿瘤切除程度是影响颅咽管瘤患者手术治疗效果的重要因素。     

Craniopharyngiomas in children: recurrence,reoperation and outcome

Introduction Craniopharyngioma bears a high rate of recurrence and morbidity in childhood. Although the outcome after recurrence and reoperation is an important parameter for the long-term evaluation of craniopharyngioma, it is poorly documented in literature. Materials and methods We studied children reoperated for recurrent craniopharyngioma in our institution since the advent of computed tomography (CT) scanner. Reoperation for tumor resection was decided whenever the recurrence was solid, with the aim total resection if possible and reasonable. Stereotactic techniques were used in case of cystic recurrence, and external irradiation was used only in case of recurrent tumor not amenable to surgery. Results From September 1981 to January 2007, we performed one or more reoperations in 20 children presenting with recurrent craniopharyngiomas. The total number of reoperations was 29: resection was total in 12 cases, near-total in 8 cases, partial in 8 cases, and undocumented in 1. In addition, stereotactic procedures were performed in 11 cases, and 5 patients underwent external irradiation. Discussion No patient died after surgery or because of tumor progression; one patient died abruptly of an undiagnosed cause during external irradiation. The event-free survival after reoperation was 49.9% at 5years and 40.0% at 10years. At last control, after a mean follow-up of 70.4months after the last surgery, nine patients were tumor-free and ten had stable disease. Conclusion Reoperation for recurrent craniopharyngioma is an efficient method for tumor control and should be proposed whenever the recurrent tumor is solid. Morbidity results above all from tumor aggressiveness, rather than from surgical damage.     

Impact of maximal safe resection on the clinical outcome of adults with craniopharyngiomas

Recent studies suggest that subtotal resection (STR) followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is an appealing alternative to gross total resection (GTR) for craniopharyngioma, as STR provides similar tumor control without the associated endocrinological and behavioral morbidity. We have examined the impact of maximal safe resection on the clinical outcome of patients with craniopharyngioma. A total of 90 patients underwent surgical resection of craniopharyngioma at a single institution between January 1995 and April 2009. Sixty-one patients underwent GTR alone, four underwent GTR followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, 15 underwent STR alone, and 10 underwent partial removal followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. We analyzed and compared the clinical and endocrinological outcomes and radiological follow-up data of these patients. During the follow-up period, tumor recurrence following the initial resection occurred in 36 of 90 patients (40%). The repeat resection rate was higher in the STR group than the GTR group. Recurrence occurred in 20 of 61 patients (32.8%) from the GTR alone group, in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) from the STR alone group, and in five of 10 (50%) patients from the STR with adjuvant radiation, such as radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery, group (p=0.030). Maximal safe resection of craniopharyngioma leads to excellent local control. STR with adjuvant radiation therapy does not assure preservation of endocrine function, although it provides better local control than STR alone.     

Individualized treatment of pediatric craniopharyngiomas

Objective The treatment of children with craniopharyngiomas should be individualized because of their heterogeneous clinical and radiographic characteristics. We performed this study to correlate the clinical and radiographic features at the time of presentation with the multimodality treatments the children received.Methods Medical records were reviewed for children with craniopharyngiomas who presented to the Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh for their initial management between 1983 and 2004. Children were treated with microsurgical tumor resections (27), intracavitary irradiation with phosphorus 32 (³²P) (12), and with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) (5).Conclusions There were no deaths in any treatment group. Gross total resections were thought to be performed in 18 patients and were confirmed by imaging in 13 of the 18 patients. The primary operative morbidities were hormonal and visual. Every child needed at least two replacement hormones and most had panhypopituitarism. Vision worsened postoperatively in 5 of 27 children. There was no operative morbidity or mortality from ³²P. After ³²P treatment, one child required a later cyst aspiration and one required a craniotomy for progressive cyst enlargement. There was no morbidity or mortality from GKSR, which achieved tumor stabilization or shrinkage in 4 of 5 cases. Resections, ³²P, and GKSR are complimentary treatment modalities for children with craniopharyngiomas. Their indications and outcomes differ, but all should be available in the treatment armamentarium.