放射性核素骨显像联合血清PSA、fPSA、ALP及BAP在评价内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌

目的 探讨放射性核素骨显像联合前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（fPSA）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）在评价内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌疗效中的应用价值。 方法 选取2016年1月至2017年12月于随州市中心医院接受内分泌疗法治疗的64例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象。接受内分泌治疗后1年，进行PSA、fPSA、ALP、BAP水平检测以及放射性核素骨显像检查，根据检查结果评估放射性核素骨显像在评价前列腺癌内分泌疗法治疗效果中的应用。 结果 内分泌治疗后的64例患者经放射性核素骨显像检查结果显示共发生51例骨转移；放射性核素骨显像转移灶数目＞2个骨转移灶的患者的血清PSA、fPSA水平高于骨转移灶≤2个患者的的血清PSA、fPSA水平（均P＜005）；随着骨显像分型的增高，前列腺癌骨转移患者血清PSA、ALP与BAP水平均增高，呈正相关（均P＜005）。 结论 放射性核素骨显像联合PSA、fPSA、ALP、BAP能够实现内分泌疗效的准确评价与骨转移瘤的早期诊断。     

血清hK2、AMACR联合PSA检测对前列腺癌诊断及预后判断的临床价值

目的:探讨血清腺激肽释放酶2（hK2）、甲基酰基辅酶A消旋酶（AMACR）联合前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测对前列腺癌诊断及预后判断的临床价值。方法:前瞻性选取2016年01月至2018年01月收治的前列腺癌患者50例为前列腺癌组和良性前列腺增生患者50例为良性前列腺增生组。并以同期健康查体者50例为对照组。检测比较三组血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平,Logistic分析血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平对前列腺癌发生状况的影响,ROC曲线分析血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平联合检测对前列腺癌的诊断效能。对前列腺癌组进行为期3年的随访,记录患者复发和生存情况。比较不同复发和生存预后情况患者的基线血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平,Logistic分析基线血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平对前列腺癌患者复发和生存预后的影响,ROC曲线分析血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平联合检测对前列腺癌患者复发和死亡早期评估效能。结果:前列腺癌组血清hK2、AMACR水平高于良性前列腺增生组和对照组（P＜0.05）;而良性前列腺增生组和对照组血清hK2、AMACR水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。前列腺癌组、良性前列腺增生组和对照组的血清PSA水平依次降低（P＜0.05）。Logistic分析结果显示,血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平对前列腺癌发生状况具有明显影响（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平联合检测对前列腺癌具有良好的诊断效能。前列腺癌组50例患者的3年复发率和生存率分别为56%（28/50）和52%（26/50）。前列腺癌组复发患者的血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平均高于未复发患者（P＜0.05）;且前列腺癌组死亡患者的血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平均高于存活患者（P＜0.05）。Logistic分析结果显示,血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平均受到前列腺癌患者复发和生存预后的影响（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平联合检测对前列腺癌患者复发和死亡均具有良好的早期评估效能。结论:血清hK2、AMACR和PSA水平在前列腺癌患者中表达水平较高,具有一定的前列腺癌诊断价值,且可能作为预后早期预测的有效参考指标。     

放射性核素骨显像联合血清PSA、fPSA、ALP及BAP在评价内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌疗效中的应用价值

目的探讨放射性核素骨显像联合前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)在评价内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌疗效中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月至2017年12月于随州市中心医院接受内分泌疗法治疗的64例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象。接受内分泌治疗后1年,进行PSA、fPSA、ALP、BAP水平检测以及放射性核素骨显像检查,根据检查结果评估放射性核素骨显像在评价前列腺癌内分泌疗法治疗效果中的应用。结果内分泌治疗后的64例患者经放射性核素骨显像检查结果显示共发生51例骨转移;放射性核素骨显像转移灶数目2个骨转移灶的患者的血清PSA、fPSA水平高于骨转移灶≤2个患者的的血清PSA、fPSA水平(均P0. 05);随着骨显像分型的增高,前列腺癌骨转移患者血清PSA、ALP与BAP水平均增高,呈正相关(均P0. 05)。结论放射性核素骨显像联合PSA、fPSA、ALP、BAP能够实现内分泌疗效的准确评价与骨转移瘤的早期诊断。     

前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌中的诊断价值

[目的]探讨前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在前列腺癌中的诊断作用。[方法]回顾性分析PSA水平正常患者3637例及PSA异常患者1259例,计算阳性、阴性率,结合文献进行分析。[结果]PSA〉4.0ng/ml中前列腺癌135例,阳性率10.86%。PSA诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为89.40%,特异性为76.57%。不同年龄、不同前列腺体积患者的前列腺癌检出率有统计学差异。[结论]PSA是诊断前列腺癌的肿瘤标志物,但特异性不高。     

血清前列腺特异性抗原联合血清肿瘤相关物质在早期前列腺癌诊断中的应用分析

目的分析血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)联合血清肿瘤相关物质(TAM)在早期诊断前列腺癌中的应用价值。方法选择128例前列腺癌患者为病例组,另选择128例前列腺良性病变者为对照组,检测所有患者PSA及TAM值,分析PSA联合TAM在早期诊断前列腺癌中的应用价值。结果以PSA≥4.08 ng/ml为诊断前列腺癌的临界值,PSA诊断前列腺癌的准确度、特异度以及灵敏度分别为82.8%、76.1%和88.6%,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.873。以TAM≥98.36 U/ml为诊断前列腺癌的临界值,TAM诊断前列腺癌的准确度、特异度以及灵敏度分别为77.3%、78.7%和74.5%,ROC曲线下面积为0.832。实施双指标联合检测,特异度为96.6%,高于单一指标诊断特异度。病例组患者TAM和PSA水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论在进行筛查以及早期诊断前列腺癌中,采用PSA及TAM联合检测法,可提升诊断特异度,令检查结果更为精准,值得进一步在临床中推广应用。     

血清PSA联合PSAD检测对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）、前列腺特异抗原密度（PSAD）对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法:检测经病理确诊的57例前列腺癌、125例前列腺增生患者的血清PSA。经直肠超声测定其前列腺的体积（PV）并计算PSAD。结果:前列腺癌组患者的PSA、PSAD明显高于前列腺增生组(P<0.05)。PSA值在4.1-10.0,10.1-20.0,>20.0ng/ml区间时PCa诊断率分别为8.8%,36.8%,54.4%。前列腺癌组的ROC曲线图中PSAD的AUC值（0.682）高于PSA的AUC值（0.601）,当取PSAD≥0.18ng/（ml·cm3）时,敏感性为84.5%,特异性为78.6%。比较58例重复穿刺患者的PSA、PSAD,只有PSAD差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PSA动态监测结合PSAD是重复穿刺的重要参考指标,PSAD是PSA对前列腺癌诊断的有益补充。     

前列腺特异性抗原表达与前列腺癌组织学分级的相关性

目的　探讨血清和组织中前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA )的表达水平 ,与前列腺癌 (Pca)组织学分级的相关性。方法　采用免疫组化ABC法 ,对 70例Pca组织进行PSA检测 ,同时采用放免法测定患者血清PSA浓度。结果　PSA在Pca组织中阳性表达率为 79% ,组织PSA与前列腺癌Gleason′s分级呈显著负相关 (γ =-0 .792 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而血清PSA与组织PSA及前列腺癌Gleason′s分级无相关性。结论　组织PSA与前列腺癌组织学分级间的相关性可能协助准确判断前列腺癌分级分期及预后     

前列腺特异性抗原的检测对前列腺癌及前列腺增生的诊断意义

目的　探讨血清总前列腺特异性抗原 (t PSA)、游离PSA (f PSA)、PSA密度 (PSAD )及其f PSA/t PSA比值对前列腺癌 (PCa)及前列腺增生 (BPH )的诊断价值。方法　采用酶联免疫分析方法 (ELISA )检测未经治疗的 62例BPH患者和 2 4例PCa患者血清f PSA、t PSA水平 ,并计算f PSA/t PSA值和PSAD ,对检测结果进行统计学处理。结果　BPH组与PCa组的f PSA、t PSA水平均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;前列腺癌组的f PSA /t PSA值明显小于对照组及前列腺癌增生组 (P <0 .0 1) ;PCa组PSAD明显大于对照组和BPH组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　检测f PSA/t PSA和PSAD比单一检测f PSA、t PSA可显著提高对PCa诊断的特异性及符合率 ,对前列腺体积较大的BPH和PCa患者 ,检测PSAD更有意义     

TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检联合PSA水平变化在诊断前列腺癌中的价值

目的 探讨经直肠内超声(TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺活检联合血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)诊断前列腺癌(PCA)的临床价值.方法 选取怀疑为PCA的患者128例,分别接受TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检、血清PSA检测,以最终病理学检查结果作为金标准,探讨二者联合诊断PCA的临床价值.结果 不同PSA水平下TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检对PCA的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.001).血清PSA检测鉴别诊断PCA的灵敏度为72.97%,特异度为61.11%,漏诊率为27.03%,误诊率为38.89%;TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检鉴别诊断PCA的灵敏度为70.27%,特异度为61.11%,漏诊率为29.73%,误诊率为38.89%;TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检联合血清PSA检测鉴别诊断PCA的灵敏度为98.65%,特异度为87.04%,漏诊率为1.35%,误诊率为12.96%.结论 TRUS引导下前列腺穿刺活检联合血清PSA检测诊断PCA的临床价值高于二者单独应用.     

血清T-PSA 及F-PSA 检测对乳腺癌的诊断价值

 引言 前列腺特异抗原（Prostate-specific antigen，PSA）是分子量为30KD的单链糖蛋白，属于丝氨酸蛋白酶，由人类前列腺激肽释放酶基因家族成员之一HKLK3所编码，主要由前列腺管状上皮细胞合成。当某些病理改变使前列腺组织结构遭到破坏，PSA经过基质由毛细血管及淋巴结进入血液循环，而使血清PSA浓度增高。PSA自发现以来已成为最有效的前列腺肿瘤标志物，并在前列腺癌的诊断及治疗中起着重要作用。近年来的研究表明，PSA并不是一种组织特异性或性别特异性分子，亦存在于女性某些依赖激素调控的组织如乳腺、卵巢、肾上腺及体液中。本研究通过检测女性乳腺癌患者术前血清中T-PSA及F-PSA的浓度，探讨其在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。     

Prostate Specific Antigen: A review

Despite its identification in the 1970s, prostate specific antigen (PSA) has only recently gained widespread utility. in this review, we will describe significant aspects of the biochemistry of PSA, immunohistochemical applications, the effect of prostatic manipulation on the serum level of this analyte, and other considerations in the determination of the level of PSA. in addition, the effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on serum PSA will be described. Finally, the application of PSA in the detection, staging and monitoring of patients with prostatic carcinoma will be discussed.     

PSA与AR联合检测在前列腺癌诊断及预后评价中的作用

目的 探讨PSA与AR联合检测在前列腺癌诊断及短期复发预后评价中的作用.方法 选取前列腺病变患者201例,其中前列腺癌98例、良性前列腺增生103例;另选取可比的正常对照组110例.测定雄激素受体以及各组患者血清中PSA表达水平.比较并评价诊断价值与对预后的影响.使用SPSS16用于数据分析.结果 前列腺癌组患者PSA水平(15.32±6.02)ng/ml,AR阳性率为60.20%;前列腺良性增生组103例患者,PSA水平(6.73±4.02)ng/ml,AR阳性率为74.76%;健康对照110例,平均年龄(45.88±1.98)岁,血清PSA水平(0.71±0.02)ng/ml.组间比较结果提示PSA水平和AR阳性率均以前列腺癌组的水平最高,P＜0.01.血清PSA单独用于前列腺癌诊断的真实性分析的灵敏度为87.76%(86/98),特异度为84.47%(87/103);血清AR单独用于前列腺癌诊断的真实性分析的灵敏度为80.61%(79/98),特异度为63.11%(65/103);而两个指标联合诊断的灵敏度为92.86%(91/98),特异度为89.32%(92/103).随访1年观察短期预后,在单因素Logistics回归分析结果的基础上在进行多因素Logistics回归分析,结果提示与复发存在潜在关联的因素包括PSA表达增高,其OR值为1.395(1.217~1.599),P＜0.001;AR 阳性也是复发的潜在危险因素,OR值为 1.094(1.051~1.139),P＜0.001;二者联合均表现为表达增高也会增高复发的风险,OR值最高,为1.870(1.338~2.614),P＜0.001.结论 PSA与AR联合检测在前列腺癌诊断中灵敏度和特异度均较好,且优于单独使用;同时联合两个指标对于预测近期复发也有一定的价值.     

Individual variations of total and percent free serum prostatic specific antigen: could they change the indication of prostatic biopsy?

The aim of this study was to analyse the individual variations of total and percent free serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and to evaluate whether they could change the indication for prostatic biopsy. Prostatic needle biopsy was indicated in 63 patients with serum PSA between 4.0 and 10 ng/ml. A new determination of total and free PSA was done before the biopsy procedure. The time between the determinations ranged from 29 to 59 days. The total and free serum PSA determinations were performed by a double monoclonal antibody radioimmunoassay Tandem and Tandem free PSA. The median coefficient of variation for serum PSA was 12.9 in cancer free patients and 18.8 when cancer was detected, it was 32.6 and 42.2 respectively for percent free serum PSA. A 22.8% rate of discrepancy between the determinations was found when prostatic biopsy was indicated only by percent free PSA lower than 25. Sensitivity ranged from 93.3% to 100, and reduction of unnecessary biopsies between 15.2 and 21.8%. We conclude that individual variations in total and percent free serum PSA could have clinical implications because of the possibility that it changes the indication for a prostatic biopsy.     

前列腺癌的诊断(附159例分析)

回顾性分析18年间159例前列腺癌的诊断结果，其发病率近9年明显增高。发病率与年龄是正相关。直肠指诊（DRE）诊断阳性率为72．96％（116／159），经腹B超69．23％（18／26），CT90．32％（28／31），ACP45．71％（32／70），PSA85．92％（61／71），穿刺活检89．32％（92／103）。作者建议：DRE、PSA可作为60岁以上男性排尿困难患者的常规检查，期望早期检出前列腺癌。     

超声引导下前列腺10点加定点穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的 探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声引导下前列腺穿刺活组织检查在前列腺癌诊断中的应用.方法 181例疑诊前列腺癌的患者进行血清总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)检测,采用10点加前列腺癌可疑灶定点穿刺活检术.结果 181例中检出前列腺癌80例(44.2%),前列腺增生63例(34.8%).前列腺炎36例(19.9%),前列腺结核1例(0.6%),前列腺平滑肌瘤1例(0.6%).T-PSA水平＞20μg/L组的前列腺癌发生率高于其他各组.随着T-PSA水平的升高,Gleason评分增加(P＜0.001).结论 超声引导下10点加定点穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的阳性率高,对T-PSA＞20μg/L的疑诊前列腺癌患者活检意义较大.     

Detection of prostatic carcinoma: the role of TRUS, TRUS guided biopsy, digital rectal examination, PSA and PSA density

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various diagnostic tests including transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), TRUS guided biopsy, digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in detecting prostatic carcinomas. One hundred and thirty-four men underwent TRUS guided random, or directed and random sonographic biopsies of the prostate. The mean age was 64.67 (range, 31- 88) years. Indications for biopsy were abnormal findings suggesting prostatic carcinoma on DRE or increased levels of PSA, defined as 4.0 ng/ml or greater in a monoclonal antibody assay. PSAD was calculated by dividing the serum PSA in ng/ml to the volume of the entire prostate in cm3. The biopsy results were grouped as benign, malign and, prostatitis. The patients were also divided into three groups according to their PSA values. Of the 134 patients evaluated, 31 (23.1%) had prostate adenocarcinoma, 89 (66.4%) had benign prostatic tissue, hyperplasia or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and 14 (10.4%) had prostatitis. The mean PSA and PSAD of the carcinoma group were significantly higher than those of the noncancer group. In the group of patients with PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/ml, abnormal TRUS or DRE increased cancer detection rate, where neither PSA nor PSAD was capable of discriminating the patients with and without cancer. PSAD did not prove to be superior to the other diagnostic tests in this study. We recommend biopsy when either TRUS or DRE is abnormal in patients with PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/ml. In the patients with PSA levels greater than 10 ng/ml, biopsy is indicated whatever the findings on TRUS or DRE are, since cancer detection rate is high.     

Clinical usefulness of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in patients with prostatic cancer.

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels were measured in 70 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 70 patients with prostatic cancer. PSA was increased above the cutoff level of 10 ng/ml in 13% of patients with BPH and in 87% of patients with prostatic cancer. In contrast, abnormal PAP levels were found in 14 and 76% of patients, respectively. We concluded that, due to its high specificity, PSA is a useful marker in the management of patients with prostatic carcinoma and that it surpasses PAP in this regard.     

Overexpression of HER-2/neu in Patients with Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Background: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is one of the main causes of cancer death, and its timely diagnosis and preventing its progression dramatically helps improve life indexes. Given the high disease recurrence rate, today, research is more inclined toward exploring causes of recurrence and development, and innovation of modern treatment methods. Several studies have explored over-expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) in prostatic cancer so far, with different results. Thus, it was decided to investigate HER-2/neu overexpression in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma in Iran. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 40 patients with prostate cancer entered the study, using a cross-sectional, non-randomized sampling method. Parameters studied included patient age at surgery, Gleason score, serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) before surgery, and positive sample rate after immunohistochemical staining to investigate HER-2/neu overexpression. Results: In terms of HER-2/neu receptor staining rate, of 40 slides, 16 (40%) scored 0, 13 (32.5%) 1+, 7 (17.5%) 2+, and 4 (10%) 3+. In total 27.5% of slides showed HER-2/neu overexpression. In terms of age, an inverse correlation was found (-0.181), but without significance (p=0.263). In terms of serum PSA, the correlation coefficient was 0.449 (p=0.004). With respect to Gleason score, the coefficient was 0.190 (p=0.240). Conclusions: In this study, HER-2/neu overexpression occurred in 27.5% of prostate cancer cases, which is a relatively high figure, compared to similar studies elsewhere. While, we failed to reveal any relationship between HER-2/neu expression status with progression and prognosis of disease, it was demonstrated that the serum PSA level was significantly higher in cases with increased receptor expression.