窒息新生儿血糖、皮质醇、胰岛素水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察窒息新生儿血糖(BG)、皮质醇(Co)、胰岛素(InS)水平变化,以探讨其临床意思.方法用微量法和放免法检测40例正常新生儿和50例窒息新生儿血糖、皮质醇、胰岛素.结果窒息新生儿脐血BG、hS、C0明显升高,且与窒息严重程度呈正相关(r值分别为0.36、0.31、0.33).出生3 d BG和Co水平有所降低,而InS水平无降低趋势.重度窒息组与对照组相比,各项水平差异显著(P＜0.01),且窒息组3 d时BG、Co水平与脐血相比有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论应激状态可造成BG、InS、Co升高,随窒息解除、病情缓解,胰岛素抵抗的恢复较血糖和皮质醇恢复慢.在窒息抢救时,尤其是重度窒息儿,应密切监测血糖与激素变化,且慎用糖皮质激素.     

围产期窒息对新生儿糖代谢影响的研究

为研究围产期窒息对新生儿血糖及其调节激素的影响,对40例窒息患儿生后72小时进行连续血糖监测,同时测定血清皮质醇（CT）、胰岛素（INS）、胰高血糖素（GC）和生长激素（GH）的浓度。结果显示,轻度窒息对新生儿糖代谢无影响;重度窒息生后6小时血糖最高,36小时最低（P＜0．01）。4种激素水平明显增高（P＜0．01）,多元线性回归分析发现重度窒息后6－12小时血糖值与CT和GC水平呈显著性正相关（P＜0．01）,证实了新生儿重度窒息后高胰岛素血症和高血糖并存现象。结论认为,应激反应在新生儿重度窒息后高血糖的发生中起重要作用,血糖监测对重度窒息患儿十分重要,治疗时不宜应用糖皮质激素和胰岛素。     

窒息新生儿血中胰岛素样生长因子-1和表皮生长因子水平的变化及其临床意义

目的观察窒息新生儿血中胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）-1、表皮生长因子（EGF）的动态变化，探讨窒息对新生儿胃肠功能影响的可能机制。方法用放射免疫分析法动态测定48例窒息新生儿和30例正常足月新生儿出生后1、3、7d血中IGF-1、EGF的水平变化。观察窒息新生儿胃肠功能障碍的发生情况。结果轻、重度窒息组从生后第1天IGF-1水平较对照组明显降低，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；第7天轻度窒息组IGF-1恢复至对照组水平（B〉0．05），重度窒息组IGF-1仍较对照组低，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。轻度窒息组生后第3天EGF水平较对照组明显降低；重度窒息组在生后第1天EGF水平较对照组明显降低，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；第7天轻、重度窒息组EGF水平恢复至对照组水平（P〉0．05）。轻度窒息组有8例发生轻度胃肠功能障碍，重度窒息组有6例发生轻度胃肠功能障碍，3例发生中度胃肠功能障碍。3例发生重度胃肠功能障碍。结论窒息新生儿血中IGF-1、EGF水平的下降，可能是造成胃肠功能障碍的因素之一。     

窒息新生儿脐血D-二聚体检测及临床意义

为通过脐血了解窒息新生儿体内凝溶功能的改变情况，对38例窒息新生儿及20例正常新生儿作前瞻必研究，分别在出生时聚脐血，病程极期取静脉血，应用ELISA法及反向血凝法分别检测血浆D－二聚体和纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）。结果发现窒息新生儿脐血及极期外周血D－二聚体明显高于恢复期和正常新生儿（P＜0．05），重度窒息患儿升高更明显（P＜0．01），而脐血D－二聚体与极期静脉血D－二聚体差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；重度窒息患儿脐血及极期外周血FDP值与正常儿要比差异有极显著性，提示通过脐血D－二聚体测定，可了解窒息新生儿体内凝溶功能变化，从而为早期诊治提供可靠依据。     

围生期窒息对新生儿糖代谢影响

目的　研究围生期窒息对新生儿血糖及其调节激素的影响。方法　对 4 0例窒息儿生后 72h进行连续血糖监测 ,同时测定血清皮质醇 (CT)、胰岛素 (INS)、胰高血糖素 (GC)和生长激素 (GH)水平。结果　轻度窒息对新生儿糖代谢无影响 ;重度窒息生后 6h血糖最高 ,36h最低 (P <0 .0 1)。 4种激素水平明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,多元线性回归分析发现重度窒息 6～ 12h血糖与CT和GC水平呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　应激反应对新生儿重度窒息后高血糖发生起重要作用 ,监测血糖对重度窒息患儿非常重要 ,治疗时不宜应用糖皮质激素和胰岛素。     

窒息新生儿出生后血钙、磷、镁及甲状旁腺素变化

目的观察重度窒息足月新生儿出生后血清钙、磷、镁动态变化，及其与甲状旁腺激素（PTH）的关系。方法选择重度窒息新生儿30例，测定出生后24h、72h及7天时血清钙、磷、镁及甲状旁腺素，并与同期正常足月新生儿对照。结果（1）窒息组新生儿血清镁含量在出生后24h、72h明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清钙含量在出生后1周均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清PTH含量在出生后24h、7天明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清磷无明显差别。（2）窒息组中血清镁24h时，轻度HIE组明显低于无HIE组（P〈0．05）；血清PTH在24h时，中～重度HIE组明显高于无HIE组（P〈0．01），72h时轻度、中～重度HIE组均明显高于无HIE组（P分别〈0．05、〈0．01），7天时差异无显著性；血清钙、磷在不同程度HIE中差异无显著性；（3）窒息组中血镁与钙、血镁与PTH的水平均无明显相关性。结论新生儿窒息后血清镁降低，并与HIE严重程度有关。提示窒息缺氧后血镁降低在HIE的发病中可能起一定作用。     

不同出生体质量、性别新生儿脐血黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮的水平变化

目的探讨脐血黄体生成素（LH）．卵泡刺激素（FSH）和睾酮（T）在不同出生体质量、性别新生儿脐血中的差异及其对胎儿生长发育的影响。方法根据新生儿出生体质量分为3组，其中巨大儿组28例，官内发育迟缓儿（IUGR）组31例；正常新生儿组71例。采用放射免疫分析法检测3组新生儿脐血LH,FSH和T水平。结果1．男性新生儿脐血LH、FSH和T水平均显著高于女性者（P〈0．001，0．05）；2．IUGR组脐血LH水平显著高于正常新生儿组（P〈0．05），而FSH水平显著低于正常组（P〈0．01）。结论脐血LH、FSH和T水平与胎儿性别有相关性，脐血LH与IUGR的发生有关。     

窒息新生儿血乳酸、血糖检测的临床意义

目的：研究窒息新生儿血糖、血乳酸的变化。方法：对我院NICU47窒息新生儿进行血糖、血乳酸测定，并与对照组比较。结果：窒息组血糖、血乳酸水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．001），且血糖，血乳酸水平与窒息程度成正比，结论：窒息患儿血乳酸，血糖水平愈高，预后愈差，对息新生儿除进行新法复苏外，还应充分重视其应激状态下内环境的异常改变，重度窒息血糖，血乳酸检测应列为常规。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血糖,血皮质醇水平变化及临床意义

目的 观察新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）血糖,血皮质醇水平变化,为临床治疗ＨＩＥ提供参考依据。方法：对１００例ＨＩＥ患儿测定血糖、血皮质醇水平,并以３０例正常新生儿作为对照。结果：１００例ＨＩＥ患儿中,中、重度组血糖水平均于高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但轻度组血糖水平与对照组无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。不论轻、中,重度组血皮质醇水平均高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）,且临床分度愈重,皮质醇水平愈高（Ｐ     

脐血血小板聚集在新生儿窒息发病中的作用

为研究脐血血小板聚集与胎儿窘迫和新生儿窘息的关系。探讨血小板聚集功能在新生儿窒息发病中的作用，对窒息新生儿进行脐血体外血小板聚集率（PAgT）测定和血小板计数，并与正常新生儿对照，结果显示，窒息新生儿脐血血小板聚集率明显高于正常对照组，（P＜0．05），血小板计数与对照组比较差异无显著（P＞0．05）。因此，窒息新生儿脐血血小板聚集升高，血小板聚集的功能在新生儿窒息发病中起重要作用。     

危重症患儿应激性高血糖相关及伴随指标与预后分析

目的 分析危重症患儿可能导致应激性血糖升高及相关激素水平的变化,以及伴随的细胞因子和血脂水平的改变,为危重症患儿的治疗提供依据.方法 以2007年1月至2008年4月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心PICU收治的<14岁危重症患儿为危重症组,以入住PICU时的2次静脉血糖均≤6.1 mmol·L-1为正常血糖亚组,均>6.1 m...     

新生儿糖代谢紊乱的临床研究

目的分析新生儿糖代谢紊乱的相关因素,探讨其预防和治疗措施。方法住院新生儿1783例进行血糖监测。所有息儿监测至2次空腹血糖正常为止。计数资料采用X2检验。结果发生糖代谢紊乱295例,其中低血糖症176例,高血糖症52例,二者兼有67例。血糖异常与胎龄呈显著负相关(P=0.001);与出生体质量呈显著负相关(P<0.01);小于胎龄儿(SGA)易发生糖代谢紊乱;轻度窒息组血糖紊乱以低血糖症为主,重度窒息组血糖紊乱以高血糖症居多(P<0.01);血糖恢复时间与窒息程度呈显著正相关(P<0.01);血糖异常与感染程度星显著正相关(P=0.019);糖尿病母亲婴儿易患低血糖症。结论对高危儿应尽早进行血糖监测,对血糖异常者及时处理,以减少或避免后遗症发生。     

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and interleukin-6 are markers of fetal stress during parturition at term gestation

OBJECTIVE: Maintaining an adequate blood glucose level is essential for neuron integrity. The increased energy demand imposed on the fetus by the birth process in combination with a limited glucose production capacity therefore threatens brain function. It is logical to presume that mechanisms increasing glucose mobilization as well as decreasing peripheral glucose utilization has evolved to preserve brain function, even after complicated deliveries. DESIGN: We studied umbilical cord levels of hormones involved in acute glucose regulation as well as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), modulating factors insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and -3 as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 149 infants born after different degrees of birth stress. We measured glucose, insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, glucagon, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol and IL-6 in umbilical cord blood of infants born at term gestation after: A) elective Cesarean-section (n = 37), B) normal delivery (n = 87) or C) complicated delivery (n = 25). All infants were of normal birth weight for gestational age. Arterial pH and lactate as well as S-100B, a marker of neuronal damage, were used as stress variables. RESULTS: With increasing fetal stress, we found significant and generally progressive elevations in glucose, IGFBP-1, IL-6, ACTH, cortisol, glucagon, GH, prolactin and lactate. This was accompanied by significant decreases of IGF-I, insulin and arterial pH. S-100B and IGFBP-3 levels did not differ between groups. IGFBP-1 showed a significant positive correlation to IL-6 and lactate and a significant negative correlation to both IGF-I and arterial pH. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing stress and energy demands during birth are accompanied by increasing fetal levels of glucose-mobilizing hormones in combination with depressed levels of insulin and IGF-I, despite increasing blood glucose. Furthermore, IGFBP-1 and IL-6 increase steeply, presumably aimed at diminishing insulin-like activity of IGF-I, thereby reducing peripheral glucose utilization. We believe that IGFBP-1 and IL-6 deserve evaluation as potential intrapartum indicators of fetuses at risk for asphyxia.     

新生儿血浆胆红素水平与窒息的关系探讨

目的探讨窒息新生儿血浆胆红素水平的变化。方法对39例窒息新生儿(重度组20例，轻度组19例)及同期出生的正常足月新生儿22例(对照组)，分别于出生后4～5天胆红素高峰期进行足跟毛细血管血胆红素水平测定。结果重度组低于轻度组，P＜0.01；轻度组低于对照组，P＜0.01，各组间均存在显著性差异。结论新生儿室息后胆红素水平的降低与如下因素有关①胆红素作为抗氧化剂被窒息后再灌注损伤产生的大量氧自由基所消耗，②宫内室息后胎粪排出，肠肝循环减少，③窒息时胆囊扩张、胆汁潴留。     

新生儿窒息母儿血浆催乳素水平变化的研究(英文)

目的：目前发现催乳素(PRL)与缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的严重程度密切相关，PRL与新生儿窒息的关系较少报道，该文探讨窒息新生儿母儿血浆催乳素(PRL)水平变化与相关性及其意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析法对25例围产期窒息新生儿(窒息组，其中轻度窒息14例，重度窒息11例)及20例正 Ｐ律?对照组)母血、脐血及新生儿血浆PRL水平进行测定并进行动态观察。结果：窒息组母血、脐血及新生儿血浆PRL水平［(362.5±127.1)，(984.6±262.3)，(386.3±216.2)μg/L］均显著高于对照组［(96.4±26.2), (92.3±18.4), (68.7±7.27)μg/L］(P均0.05)。结论：围产期窒息时新生儿血浆、脐血及母血PRL水平显著增高，血浆PRL水平可作为判断新生儿窒息程度的一项参考指标。     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白和N-乙酰-β葡萄糖苷酶对早产儿肾功能的评价意义

目的 分析尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、尿N-乙酰-β葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)对评价早产儿肾功能的临床意义.方法 受选新生儿89例,分为早产儿窒息组(18例)、早产儿非窒息组(25例)和足月儿对照组(46例).观察所选对象生后48h内晨尿的RBP和NAG水平,分别与尿肌酐(Cr)相比(以RBP/Cr和NAG/Cr表示);观察血肌酐和血尿素氮,以及非窒息早产儿在生后0~48h,~96h,~168h的RBP/Cr、NAG/Cr变化情况.结果 早产儿窒息组的尿RBP/Cr水平[(0.951±0.629)g/mol]高于非窒息组[(0.389±0.281)g/mol]和足月儿对照组[(0.119±0.081)g/mol],3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非窒息组高于足月儿对照组(P<0.05).早产儿窒息组和非窒息组的尿NAG/Cr比值均高于足月儿对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但前两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).3组间的血肌酐和尿素氮比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).早产儿非窒息组尿RBP/Cr与胎龄和日龄均无线性相关(P>0.05),而NAG/Cr与胎龄呈线性负相关(r=-0.625,P<0.05),与日龄呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 尿RBP/Cr和NAG/Cr比值有助于评估早产儿肾功能,前者对窒息损害较后者敏感,后者受胎龄影响更大.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of urinary retinol binding protein(RBP) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase(NAG) for evaluating renal function in preterm neonate.Methods 89 neonates in our NICU were selected,divided into three groups:the asphyxial preterm group (18 cases),the no-asphxial preterm group (25 cases),and the control group (46 term infants without asphyxia).All objects were detected the urinary RBP,NAG and creatinine(Cr).The levels of RBP/Cr and NAG/Cr and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),Cr were observed within 48h after birth after birth.The fluctuations of urinary RBP/Cr and NAG/Cr in no-asphxial preterm group also were observed in 0~48h,~96h,~168h after birth respectively.Results The urinary RBP/Cr levels in asphyxial preterm group [(0.951±0.629)g/mol] were higher than those in no-asphxial preterm group[(0.389±0.281)g/mol] and the control group[(0.119±0.081)g/mol](P<0.05).The urinary RBP/Cr levels in no-asphxial preterm group were also significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of urinary NAG/Cr in the asphyxial and no-asphxial preterm groups were both higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no difference betwteen the former two groups(P>0.05).The levels of serum Cr and BUN were no significant difference in the three groups(P>0.05).The urinary RBP/Cr level had non-linear correlation with either postnatal or gestational age in no-asphyxial preterm group.While the urinary NAG/Cr levels negative correlated with the gestational age(r=-0.625,P<0.05).And the correlation between the urinary NAG/Cr and postnatal age was postive(P<0.05).Conclusion The determination of urinary NAG/Cr and RBP/Cr provides a sensitive and reliable method to evaluate the renal function of neonates,especially in preterm infants.The RBP/Cr is affected by asphyxia more than NAG/Cr,which is rather correlated with gestational age.     

血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶及心肌肌钙蛋白早期诊断窒息新生儿心肌损害

目的　探讨血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)及心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)测定对窒息新生儿心肌损害的早期诊断价值。方法　窒息组 40例 (轻度窒息、重度窒息各 2 0例 )、对照组 2 0例 ,生后 1、5、1 0d测定血清CK MB及cTnI水平。结果　窒息组生后 1d血清CK- MB及cTnI明显高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,重度窒息组明显均高于轻度窒息组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,治疗后呈逐渐下降趋势。血清CK- MB及cTnI对心肌损害诊断的敏感性无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　血清CK MB及cTnI可用于窒息新生儿心肌损害的早期诊断。     

窒息新生儿甲状腺功能测定及临床意义

目的　 探讨新生儿窒息后血清甲状腺激素的变化及其临床意义。 方法 　对 80例新生儿窒息患儿和 40例正常新生儿 ,用放射免疫法测定血中甲状腺激素 ,即游离T3 、T4(FT3 、FT4)及TSH值 ,并进行对比观察。 结果 　窒息新生儿FT3 值显著低于正常对照组 (t=3 90 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,且以重度窒息组更甚 ,FT4及TSH两组无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 结论 　新生儿窒息后可出现甲状腺功能低下 ,窒息患儿血中FT3 显著低于正常新生儿 ,重度窒息患儿血中FT3 更低 ,提示甲状腺激素降低的程度与病情严重程度呈正相关。血清甲状腺激素水平测定可作为窒息新生儿病情判断 ,疗效观察及预后估计的一项参考指标。     

脐血心钠素在监测高危新生儿水钠平衡中的意义

目的：心钠素(ANP)是一种具有多种功能的内分泌激素,其过度分泌可造成低钠血症。该文探讨脐血ANP测定在监测高危新生儿水钠平衡中的作用和临床意义。方法：选择117例高危新生儿依据Apgar评分的不同分为两大组,即单纯窒息组及评分正常组。单纯窒息组又分为轻度窒息组和重度窒息组,评分正常组又分为感染组和非感染组,另设40例正常新生儿为对照组。各组均在新生儿娩出后立即抽取脐血,应用放射免疫法测定ANP水平,同时抽取静脉血测定患儿的血清钠含量,并分别与对照组比较。结果：高危新生儿的脐血ANP水平明显高于正常新生儿,尤以早产儿1.46±0.39 ng/mL、严重感染新生儿1.16±0.35 ng/mL及重度窒息新生儿2.12±0.46 ng/mL增高最为明显(P<0.01)。而与其相对应的则是血清钠水平的下降,两者呈显著负相关。结论：高危新生儿脐血心钠素增高明显,易致低钠血症,早期测定可对新生儿抢救与治疗起到指导作用。     

Role of Counterregulatory Hormones for Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

To elucidate the mechanism of insulin resistance due to insulin counterregulatory hormones (ICRHs) and evaluate ICRH secretion kinetics, ICRH concentrations were measured and correlated with blood glucose levels in 28 type 1 diabetic patients. Blood glucose was measured before bedtime. Early morning urine samples were collected the next morning before insulin injection and breakfast. Fasting blood glucose, cortisol, glucagon and HbA1c levels were measured. Growth hormone (GH), adrenaline, cortisol and C-peptide levels in morning urine samples were measured; SD scores were calculated for urine GH. The laboratory values (mean ± SD) were as follows; HbA1c of 8.1% ± 1.4%; pre-bedtime glucose of 203 ± 105 mg/dl; fasting blood glucose of 145 ± 87 mg/dl; serum cortisol of 21.6 ± 5.5 µg/dl; plasma glucagon of 98 ± 41 pg/ml; urinary GH, 27.2 ± 13.0 ng/gCr; urinary cortisol of 238 ± 197 ng/gCr; and urinary Adrenaline of 22.9 ± 21.0 ng/gCr. The mean urinary GH SD score was increased (+1.01 ± 0.70; p=0.000); the mean plasma glucagon lebel (98 ± 41 pg/ml) was not. Fasting blood glucose was positively correlated with plasma glucagon (R=0.378, p=0.0471) and negatively correlated with urinary cortisol (R=–0.476, p=0.010). Urinary adrenaline correlated positively with urinary GH (R=0.470, p=0.013) and urinary cortisol (R=0.522, p=0.004). In type 1 diabetes, GH, glucagon and cortisol hypersecretion may contribute to insulin resistance, but the mechanism remains unclear.