闭环自膨式支架结合后扩张技术治疗颈动脉严重钙化病变研究报告

目的 评估自膨式闭环支架结合后扩张技术治疗颈动脉粥样硬化伴钙化的安全性和有效性。方法 2011年4月21日至11月17日以自膨式闭环支架结合后扩张技术治疗颈动脉粥样硬化伴钙化患者4例,术前经颈部血管超声诊断狭窄率为90%～99%,观察术后残余狭窄率、神经系统症状及循环的稳定性,并进行术后随访。结果 术后所有病例保护装置内均未见脱落斑块,残余狭窄率约为10%～20%。术后神经系统评分同术前,无神经功能缺失病例。全部4例患者循环稳定,支架植入及球囊扩张未造成严重的血流动力学紊乱。随访无治疗侧的卒中事件及支架内再狭窄。结论 在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块伴钙化的支架成形术中,自膨式闭环支架结合后扩张技术是一种有效的治疗方案。     

颅外段颈动脉狭窄支架成形术安全性探讨

目的探讨颈动脉颅外段狭窄支架成形术的手术方法、并发症及安全性。方法选择有症状性颈动脉狭窄≥50%的患者,无症状性颈动脉狭窄≥70%的患者为其适应证。使用自膨胀式支架和保护装置,进行支架置入成形术。结果61例患者,置入70枚支架,配合28个保护装置。支架成功率100%,术中无中风并发症出现,即刻血管造影显示满意,平均术后血管残留狭窄约8%。所有患者均获随访,分别采用颈部X线及超声波检查及血管造影,再狭窄1例,其余支架形态好,位置无移位,血流通畅,无再狭窄。结论血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉颅外段狭窄有效、并发症少、安全性高。     

脑保护装置下支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄的研究及随访

目的总结在脑保护装置下颈动脉狭窄支架成形术的经验,评价其疗效。方法颈动脉狭窄患者30例,21例颈动脉狭窄使用自膨式支架置入支架时使用脑保护装置,置入支架31枚。结果技术成功率100%,术后TIA1例,小卒中1例,经治疗后完全缓解,未遗留任何后遗症。全部患者随访6个月～2年,其中2例发生再狭窄。结论脑保护装置下颈动脉支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄安全有效的方法,但这一结果还需要进一步长期随访证实。     

颈动脉狭窄的诊断与治疗

目的 研究颈动脉狭窄的诊断与治疗方法。方法 选择短暂性脑缺血性发作(TIA)患者行全脑血管造影,了解血管病变部位和狭窄程度。颈动脉狭窄<50％者行颈动脉注射尿激酶治疗;颈动脉狭窄>50％者行颈动脉内膜剥脱手术或血管内支架置入治疗。结果 4年来58例TIA患者中,发现颈动脉狭窄16例,其中狭窄<50％者8例经尿激酶颈动脉注射治疗后,TIA终止;狭窄>70%者8例,其中1例动脉粥样硬化斑块性狭窄行颈动脉内膜剥脱术,5例动脉粥样硬化斑块性狭窄、1例多发性大动脉炎及1例颈动脉夹层动脉瘤均行自膨式支架置入治疗。7例患者8处病变共置入自膨式支架12枚,治疗效果良好,随访3～20个月无再狭窄发生。结论 颈动脉狭窄是TIA发作的重要原因,而颈动脉内膜剥脱术和支架置入是治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效手段。     

脑血管腔内支架置入治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄20例

景：关于脑血管支架置入后局部机械性血管壁损伤后发生血管内再狭窄研究中涉及的安全性、病理生理机制及临床疗效尚无确切的结论。 目的：探讨脑血管腔内支架置入治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的安全性、近期临床疗效。 方法：对20例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者行脑血管腔内支架置入治疗,狭窄病变22处,位于大脑中动脉6处、颈内动脉6处、椎动脉4处、基底动脉3处,3例为椎-基底动脉狭窄;狭窄长度为3~10 mm,平均为7 mm,其中6处狭窄长度超过10 mm。行自膨式及球囊膨胀式支架置入,使用脑保护装置保护伞12例。 结果与结论：20例患者22枚支架均1次放置成功, 无一例发生严重并发症,置入后即刻血管造影结果显示,病变段动脉残余狭窄程度小于20%,与治疗前相比较,管腔狭窄明显改善。同时再造影的实质期可见脑组织血流灌注得到改善,临床症状全部得到改善。置入后临床随访6~24个月,20例未再有脑缺血发作,数字减影血管造影随访12~24个月7例,1例出现支架内内膜轻度增生,未引起临床症状。经颅超声多普勒随访结果示狭窄部位血流通畅,支架内未见内膜过度增生,无主要分支血管的闭塞。结果说明脑血管腔内支架置入治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄安全,近期疗效明显,其长期疗效还需进一步随访观察。     

腔内支架成形术治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄

目的探讨腔内支架成形术治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄的疗效。方法对16例椎动脉起始部狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗,成功置入17枚球囊扩张支架,无1例发生严重并发症。结果术后造影狭窄程度明显改善,残余狭窄<20%。在6个月的临床随访中,16例患者均无脑缺血发作及再狭窄发生。颈动脉彩超示血流通畅,未见内膜过度增生。结论腔内支架成形术是治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期效果还需进一步随访研究。     

颈动脉狭窄血管内支架置入安全性的系统评价

目的：评价血管内支架置入在颈动脉狭窄治疗中的安全性，分析支架置入后颈动脉狭窄率和血流动力学的变化。 方法：以计算机检索方法在中国期刊全文数据库中(CNKI：2000/2008)检索关于颈动脉狭窄血管内支架治疗的自身前后对照实验，检索词为“颈动脉狭窄、血管内支架置入”。检索后对每项研究的资料结果进行提取、分析。 结果：共有17项实验522例颈动脉狭窄患者符合纳入标准，血管内支架置入后颈动脉狭窄率均较术前降低，随访结果显示支架形态良好、无变形、支架处血流通畅，无血管内再狭窄发生。同时支架置入可使狭窄段血流速度恢复，提高远端的血流速度, 有效改善脑血流灌注和血流动力学障碍，减少脑卒中的发生。 结论：血管内支架置入治疗颈动脉狭窄的成功率高,具有很好的临床效果，但由于纳入试验少,证据的强度不足,其他有效性指标和安全性,有待更多证据加以评价。     

血管内自膨式支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄

目的探讨血管内自膨式支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床价值方法14例颈动脉狭窄患者，症状表现为反复的短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死。在球囊扩张后安装自膨式血管内支架。结果支架定位准确，11例患者狭窄部传恢复正常管径，2例狭窄程度减少90％以上，1例减少70％，1例术中发生脑梗死，无其他手术并发症发生。临床随访2～15个月(平均8.3个月)，均未再有短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死，DSA随访9例患者均无再狭窄(6～12个月)。结论血管内自膨式支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全而有效的方法。     

镍钛合金材料自膨胀式Wingspan支架置入症状性颅内动脉狭窄血管13例1年随访

背景：Gateway-WingSpan支架系统是2005年通过美国FDA认证,用于治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的镍钛合金自膨胀式支架,2007年在中国获得批准正式应用。 目的：进一步验证镍钛合金材料自膨胀式Wingspan支架置入治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的近期疗效及安全性。 方法：对13例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者在Gateway球囊预扩下行Wingspan支架置入,狭窄病变18处,其中颈内动脉海绵窦段狭窄4处,大脑中动脉水平段狭窄11处,椎动脉末段狭窄2处,基底动脉下段狭窄1处。狭窄长度5~15 mm,平均狭窄(85.3±10.0)%。 结果与结论：支架置入成功率100%,置入后即刻造影显示残余狭窄在(30.5±12.0)%;随访12个月,未发生新发卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作,影像学检查显示均无再狭窄发生。13例均未出现与支架有关的动脉夹层、动脉内膜撕裂及急性支架内血栓形成等。均无支架的移位、断裂。支架置入后3 d内出现低血压 1例,皮下血肿1例,经治疗后症状均消失。结果显示镍钛合金材料自膨胀式Wingspan支架置入治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄比较安全,短期疗效较好。     

LEO自膨式支架在治疗颅内宽颈小动脉瘤中的应用(附18例报告)

目的总结颅内专用(LEO)自膨式支架治疗颅内宽颈小动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点及并发症防治,评价该技术的安全性及疗效。方法采用血管内栓塞治疗瘤颈为2~4mm,瘤径≤2mm的宽颈小动脉瘤8例,将LEO自膨式支架有效的放置于载瘤动脉内。结果8个LEO自膨式支架均成功释放,置入支架后,造影显示瘤囊内血流速度显著变慢。术后3个月随访,复查DSA,显示LEO支架未移位,载瘤动脉通畅,4例动脉瘤完全消失,2例动脉瘤造影剂充盈较前减少,2例动脉瘤未见明显变化。结论单独应用LEO自膨式支架治疗颅内宽颈小动脉瘤是一种安全可行的技术,但需进一步扩大病例和长期随访以客观评价其疗效。     

External carotid artery stenting in symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion

We report the case of a patient with an anterior ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusion of the left M2 segment and ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), with concomitant severe stenosis of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) and contralateral ICA, and moderate stenosis of the left vertebral artery (VA); as thrombectomy was not possible, stenting of the right ICA was performed. Two days after significant recovery, the patient showed neurological deterioration when in upright position, and brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed decreased cerebral blood flow on the left hemisphere. Stenting of the left ECA and balloon angioplasty of the ipsilateral VA were performed in order to increase collateral flow, with an almost complete resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of assessing the collateralization pattern when an ICA occlusion is present, and the potential need to revascularize an ipsilateral stenotic ECA.     

复合手术技术治疗复杂颈动脉狭窄和闭塞性疾病简

目的分析复合手术技术在复杂颈动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病中的应用,探讨其临床意义。方法回顾分析12例因颈动脉闭塞和颈动脉串联性病变施行复合手术患者之临床资料,初步分析手术安全性和有效性。结果8例颈动脉闭塞患者,7例实现血管再通;4例颈动脉串联性病变患者,均实现血管再通。术后无一例发生脑卒中或死亡。结论采用复合手术技术治疗颈动脉闭塞和串联性病变疗效安全可靠,值得在临床推荐开展。     

Intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms

Six patients with intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms (ICCAAns) were seen at our department from 1998 to 2002. All patients had only one intracranial aneurysm and their ages at diagnosis ranged from 36 to 72 years (median 56). Five were women and four had a history of hypertension. One patient was pregnant. All of the ICCAAns were symptomatic at diagnosis. Duration of symptoms was 2–30 days. On admission to our department, initial symptom was headache in four patients, visual loss in two, eye pain in one, third nerve paresis in two and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in one. Spontaneous thrombosis was present in two patients. All of the ICCAAns were saccular. Computed tomography (CT) was superior when compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of ICCAAns on admission. Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis and determination of specific anatomical details, which are necessary to plan treatment.     

Measuring carotid artery stenosis

OBJECTIVE: Five different calliper methods for assessing the degree of carotid artery stenosis and visual estimation ("eyeballing") of postmortem carotid arteriograms were compared with the planimetric gold standard of the area reduction at the site of the stenosis. METHODS: During autopsy 53 carotid specimens were removed in toto from 31 neurological patients. Carotid arteries were ligated and redistended to a physiological degree for standardised three-plane arteriography. Afterwards, the entire specimen was filled with an embedding medium under the same conditions and sectioned. Slices at the site of stenoses were histologically processed. Computerised planimetric analysis of the lumen area reduction was performed and compared with the arteriographic findings. Arteriograms were evaluated by two independent observers by means of linear Common Carotid Artery (CC), the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), and squared measurements (NASCET2, ECST2) after applying the pi r2 function. Further, three independent observers performed eyeballing of the degree of stenosis from the postmortem arteriographies. RESULTS: Planimetry was carried out in 29 internal carotid artery (ICA) and 17 common carotid artery (CCA) stenoses ranging from 8.5 to 100%. The smallest mean differences of the degree of stenosis in % between planimetry and arteriography were -0.5 and 0.6%. The narrowest 95 %-limits of agreement covered a range of +/-24.1 and 26.3% of stenoses, and the highest correlation coefficients were both 0.9 for the CC and ECST2 techniques, respectively. By eyeballing, the degree of stenosis was underestimated by 13.5 to 15.8% on average. The narrowest limits of agreement between two observers for eyeballing covered a range of 35%. CONCLUSION: Three-plane arteriography has only a moderate accuracy and reproducibility in detecting and measuring carotid artery stenosis independent of the technique of measurement used.     

Symptomatic carotid artery stenosis

Journal of Neurology -