重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗急性心肌梗死46例

挽救急性心肌梗死(AMI)患生命和改善预后的关键是尽早、充分、持久的开通梗死相关血管，目前国内外推荐的使栓塞的冠状动脉再通的有效方法之一是及早实施静脉溶栓治疗。重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)是一种针对纤维蛋白的特异性很强的溶栓制剂。我们于2000年10月。2002年6月期间在急诊科对46例AMI患采用rt-PA行静脉溶栓治疗，取得了较好效果，现报告如下。     

急性心肌梗塞rt-PA溶栓疗效观察

目的 :评价急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (rt PA)静脉溶栓的疗效。方法 :74例AMI患者分为A组年龄 35岁～ 6 5岁 ;B组年龄 6 6岁～ 80岁 ,各组按发病距溶栓时间≤ 3h ,>3h≤ 6h ,>6h～ 12h再通率比较。结果 :rt PA溶栓再通率≤ 3h 83 3%～ 74 7% ;>3h≤ 6h 86 7%～ 87 5 % ,>6h～ 12h 5 7 1%～ 6 3 7%。≤ 6h和 >6h～ 12h再通率有显著差异。AB两组不同年龄组再通率无显著差异。结论 :rt PA溶栓再通率高且安全无出血及其他副作用 ,溶栓再通率与时间密切相关 ,距发病 6h以内为溶栓最佳时间 ,溶栓再通率与年龄不相关 ,溶栓过程中肝素抗凝对提高溶栓成功率非常重要     

Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction.

The efficacy and safety of intravenously administered recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp.) was investigated in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). rt-PA was given as a 10 mg bolus dose followed by infusions of 50 mg, 20 mg and 20 mg in three successive hours. All patients underwent baseline coronary angiography before thrombolytic therapy. Ninety minutes after the initiation of rt-PA infusion, recanalization of infarct-related coronary arteries as confirmed by angiography was achieved in 7 patients. The largest reduction in circulating fibrinogen was observed 4 to 6 h after the start of rt-PA infusion--14.3%. Moderate hemorrhage at the sites of arterial puncture occurred in 2 cases, probably as a result of heparin anticoagulation. No other side effects occurred. So rt-PA is an effective and safe thrombolytic agent.     

Atopic disease in the Hong Kong Chinese.

One hundred and sixty Chinese men and 96 women resident in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire about atopic disease and their responses were compared with replies from 500 Britons. Asthma and hayfever were less common in the Chinese and this could not be attributed to medical awareness as the results were similar in Chinese surgical patients and Chinese medical students. The role of heredity and environment may be assessed by studying Chinese people who have moved to Britain.     

直接冠状动脉支架术与rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死的对比研究

目的 比较直接冠状动脉支架术与加速性rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死的近期临床效果。方法 168例STEMI患者中，100例行冠状动脉支架置入术，68例行rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗。观察两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)再通率、30天病死率，靶病变血管重建治疗等指标。结果 ①直接支架组：在99例病人植入135个支架，成功率为99％，93例IRA达TIMI血流3级，7例(7％)IRA达到TIMI血流2级，30天病死率2％；②rt—PA溶栓组：68例IRA再通59例，成功率86．8％，30天病死率5．9％，溶栓后2～4周，52例做冠状动脉造影，均有IRA高度狭窄。结论 与rt—PA溶栓比较，直接冠状动脉支架术扩大了STEMI病人的治疗适应症，能建立可靠的。IRA前向血流，手术并发症和病死率均低。     

The impact of coronary care unit on mortality from acute myocardial infarction in Hong Kong. A prospective randomized controlled study.

A prospective concurrent study was made on 2 groups of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction admitted at random into the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) or general wards (GW). After excluding those older than 70 years of age, the two groups were similarly matched according to their ages and clinical severity. Those who were initially treated in the CCU had a higher chance of survival from myocardial infarction as compared with those in the GW. The overall mortality was 15.3% (17/111) and 29.3% (27/92) respectively (P less than 0.02), and the risk of dying in the GW comparing to that in the CCU was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1-4.8). Sudden death was more frequently encountered in those treated in the GW. Our findings strongly support the use of the CCU for patients below 70 years.

     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与尿激酶静脉内溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的比较研究

目的:比较重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)与尿激酶(UK)静脉内溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效和安全性.方法:40例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为两组,分别经外周静脉给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA组,18例)与尿激酶(UK组,22例)溶栓治疗,记录两组患者发病至溶栓时间、溶栓后各阶段症状、心电图和心肌酶谱变化、24 h内的并发症发生率及半年后的心功能状况.结果:rt-PA组患者冠脉再通率较UK组高(P<0.05);rt-PA组发生轻度出血7例(38.89%),UK组2例(9.55%),两组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组患者均无严重过敏反应发生,再灌性心律失常的发生率无显著性差异:心肌梗死溶栓后再通患者6个月后,rt-PA组与UK组左室射血分数及6 min步行距离比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:rt-PA在梗死冠脉血管开通率高于UK,但出血发生率亦高于UK.两者均可改善患者心功能,提高生活质量.     

冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死(摘要)

目的 :观察冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的安全性 ,疗效和并发症。方法 :2 0 0 1年 12月 1日至 2 0 0 2年7月 3 1日对 2 4例急性心肌梗死患者在发病 12小时内行冠状动脉介入治疗。男 2 0例 ,女 4例。年龄 48-81岁 (65± 8)。 14例直接行冠脉腔内成行术 (PTCA)和支架术 ,7例系静脉溶栓失败后行PTCA和支架术 ,3例冠脉造影发现不适合行PTCA和支架术而行冠脉内溶栓。 2 4例中有 1例心肺复苏后及 2例心源性休克患者。梗死相关血管 :左前降支 (LAD) 15例 ,旋支 (LCX) 2例 ,右冠脉 7例。TIMI血流 0级 17例 ,1级 7例。结果 :2 4例中 2 1例PTCA后植入支架 2 3枚 ,TIMI血流均达到 3级 ,其中有 2例支架植入时TIMI血流 2级经冠脉内注射异搏定 2 0 0微克及尿激酶(UK) 2 5万单位后达到 3级。发病到梗死相关血管再灌注时间为 2 -13小时 (5 .2± 1.2 )。有 1例用球囊扩张后发现有很多血拴不宜植入支架 ,有 1例进导引导丝时发现血栓向近端增长不宜继续PTCA及支架术 ,有 1例冠脉造影发现LAD起始 10 0 %堵塞与左主干之间无断端也不宜行PTCA和支架术 ,上述 3例均改为冠脉溶栓 ,7天后再造影相关血管均已再通。住院期间 2例心源性休克患者均死亡 ,1例死于PTCA和支架术后无再流 ,推测为远端血栓堵塞 ,1例死于顽固性心力衰竭 ,     

急性心肌梗塞时心肌线粒体钙变化的实验研究

用Ｖｉａｌ方法分离心肌线粒体，按Ｎａｋａｎｉｓｈｉ方法测定线粒体钙，并按张源鑫方法测定Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ（钙－镁－三磷酸腺苷酶），研究心肌缺血后心肌线粒体钙变化，线粒体膜Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性并相应观察心肌的超徽结构变化。结果表明缺血后心肌线粒体钙明显增高，缺血３０ｍｉｎ和正常组比较Ｐ＜０．０５，６０ｍｉｎ和１８０ｍｉｎ增高更明显。此变化和心肌线粒体超微结构改变相吻合，缺血３０ｍｉｎ时线粒体肿胀，此时尚为可逆性变化。６０、１８０ｍｉｎ后线粒体出现坏死。线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ在缺血后呈进行性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１。说明线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低是导致线粒体钙超载的原因之一。     

重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨瑞通立溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床效果.方法 选取2009年9月至2010年7月间在我院治疗的急性心肌梗死患者20例,给予瑞通立溶栓治疗.结果 本组20例AMI患者接受瑞通立溶栓治疗,总的再通率90%,无死亡病例.其中3h内者溶栓再通率为1 00%,3-6h内者为90%,6-12 h内者为83.3%.本组溶栓后3h内出现心律失常2例(10%),溶栓24h有出血者2例(10%),均为牙龈出血,经对症治疗未造成严重后果.结论 瑞通立溶栓治疗AMI患者能有效地挽救濒死心肌,改善患者的预后,因此临床医师应根据患者的病情积极选择应用.     

Treatment of acute myocardial infarction with anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex

A controlled trial in 149 patients admitted to a district hospital with probable myocardial infarction tested the effect of 30 units of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) on indices of infarct size. Patients were grouped prospectively according to whether they entered the trial within two and a half hours (early entry) or between two and a half and four hours (late entry) after onset of the symptoms. Sixty seven of 73 patients in the control group showed increased plasma activity of myocardial creatine kinase isoenzyme that was diagnostic of infarction compared with only 60 of 76 who received APSAC. The difference was significant overall but occurred predominantly in the early entry group. The patients who received APSAC had more early ventricular arrhythmias, compatible with reperfusion, and showed greater preservation of R waves during admission to hospital. Unwanted effects were generally minor and more common in the actively managed group than the control group (26% v 3%). After nine to 12 months of follow up 12 patients in the control group had died compared with seven in the actively managed group. The ease of administration and the apparent efficacy of APSAC suggest that it is suitable for use in a district hospital for patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction.     

Treatment outcome of rhabdomyosarcoma in Hong Kong Chinese children.

OBJECTIVES: To review the treatment outcome of rhabdomyosarcoma in Hong Kong Chinese children. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Consecutive cases of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed and treated by the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of Queen Mary Hospital between 1989 and 2005. Each patient was staged and treated according to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall and event-free survival rates, and toxicity data. RESULTS: Of 19 patients (8 males and 11 females), 14 (74%) were younger than 10 years old. The median age at diagnosis was 6 (range, 0.5-17) years. Primary sites of rhabdomyosarcoma included: the head and neck (n=8; 6 classified as cranial parameningeal), genitourinary (3), extremity (3), pelvis (3), and trunk (2). Thirteen (68%) had embryonal and six (32%) had alveolar histology. Two, 2, 9, and 6 were classified as belonging to Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Respective 5-year overall and event-free survival rates of the entire cohort were 49% (95% confidence interval, 26-73%) and 32% (10-55%), with a median follow-up of 3.4 (range, 0.2-16.7) years. In non-metastatic cases (Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study groups 1-3), the 5-year overall survival rate was 66% (95% confidence interval, 39-93%) and in metastatic cases (group 4) it was 17% (0-46%). The 5-year overall survival rate for patients aged less than 10 years was 60% (95% confidence interval, 33-87%) compared to 20% (0-55%) in those aged 10 years and over. Significant treatment-related toxicities including myelosuppression, infections, peripheral neuropathy, and second cancers were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment outcome of rhabdomyosarcoma in this cohort of Chinese children was less favourable than that reported in international studies. Whilst the main reason could have been related to the high proportion of metastatic cases, also non-metastatic cases faired worse. Improved outcomes may be achieved by advances in multidisciplinary (paediatric oncology, pathology, radiotherapy, and surgery) management and supportive care.     

重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物联合低分子肝素治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的 对比观察重组人组织型纤溶酶原激酶衍生物(瑞通立)联合低分子肝素与联合普通肝素用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)溶栓治疗的疗效.方法 自2007年10月至2009年4月,共42例AMI患者随机分为两组接受瑞通立+普通肝素和瑞通立+低分子肝素溶栓治疗,每组分别21例,观察溶栓再通率、急性期死亡率及并发症.结果 溶栓后2小时瑞通立+低分子肝素组再通19例,再通率为90.47%;瑞通立+普通肝素再通18例,再通率为85.71%(p>0.05).瑞通立+低分子肝素组死亡1例,死亡率为5.26%;瑞通立+普通肝素死亡1例,死亡率为4.76%(p>0.05).瑞通立+低分子肝素组出血并发症1例,发生率为4.76%;瑞通立+普通肝素出血并发症2例,发生率为9.52%(p>0.05).两组共再通37例,再通率为88.09%;共死亡2例,死亡率为4.76%;出血并发症3例,发生率为7.14名.结论 瑞通立联合低分子肝素或联合普通肝素溶栓治疗AHI安全、有效,两组在再通率、死亡率、出血发生率的差异无统计学意义.     

Hemodynamic monitoring in acute myocardial infarction.

The main cause of in-hospital death in patients with acute myocardial infarction is the "power failure syndrome". Hemodynamic monitoring provides precise and current data on the filling and output status of the left ventricle and, when indicated, the right ventricle. The information obtained is used to determine the hemodynamic status more precisely than is possible from conventional clinical assessment. It permits categorization of patients by hemodynamic status; the hemodynamic subset classification of Forrester, Diamond and Swan is a powerful tool in guiding therapy and establishing prognosis in individual patients. In addition to guiding the initiation of therapy, hemodynamic monitoring is useful in the continuing assessment of potent and complex treatment. This therapy is directed at resolving hemodynamic derangements without unfavourably altering the myocardial oxygen supply-demand relationship. Specific clinical indications for hemodynamic monitoring may include confusing or complicated clinical situations in which diagnostic problems exist, complicating mechanical derangements, severe congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock and clinical research in acute myocardial infarction.