Ceramage聚合瓷高嵌体修复后牙牙体缺损疗效观察

目的观察Ceramage聚合瓷高嵌体修复后牙牙体缺损的疗效。方法将纳入标准的110例后牙牙体缺损患者的120颗后牙分成实验组和对照组,分别使用聚合瓷高嵌体和金属烤瓷冠修复,在修复后3 a后复诊并评价疗效。结果 120例修复体3 a后复查,无1例脱落,基牙均无继发龋。实验组9例修复体与基牙颜色不协调;5例发生食物嵌塞;5例修复体折裂,其中有3例基牙折裂,2例基牙(均为下颌第1磨牙)折裂过深拔出。对照组组1例颜色与临牙颜色不协调;1例发生食物嵌塞;2例崩瓷。结论聚合瓷高嵌体可更大程度地保存牙体硬组织,是一种良好的修复方式,但抗折强度低于金属烤瓷冠。     

3种修复材料修复后牙邻he面洞疗效观察

本观察选择水调玻璃离子水门汀、光固化复合树脂和银汞3种常用的后牙修复材料，用国际通用的USPHS疗效评价法对修复后牙邻黯面洞的疗效进行了评定，为临床应用提供了参考资料。     

隐形义齿修复牙列缺损132例疗效观察

传统的义齿材料由金属和硬质塑料制作 ,基托较厚 ,质地坚硬 ,异物感大。1997～ 2 0 0 2年 ,我们应用美国进口专用密封桶装树脂材料 ,开封 J- KW- A型手动螺旋式弹性义齿注压机进行一次性注压成型 ,制作隐型义齿 132例 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。资料与方法 :本组 132例 (132牙 ) ,男 6 2例、女 70例 ,年龄 2 1～ 4 2岁。前牙 112例 ,后牙 2 0例。修复步骤为 :1备牙 ,取模。2制作蜡型 ,排牙前在人工牙上打“T”型孔道。3装下层型盒及安装注道。4装上层型盒。5沸水烫蜡、冲蜡。6采用专用设备 ,将熔化成胶汁状的弹性树脂在压力的作用下注入型盒…     

下颌后牙游离端缺失的种植修复疗效观察

目的:为了进一步提高牙列缺损患者的治疗效果并提高美观度,分析和探讨应用口腔种植体的价值和意义。方法:将84例牙列缺损患者作为研究对象并按照随机双盲对照的原则分为观察组44和对照组各40例,其中对照组的患者在治疗上给予直接修复,而观察组患者则在治疗上应用口腔种植体,对比和研究患者对治疗结果的满意度。结果:经过对比分析发现,观察组患者对治疗结果的满意度和对照组患者相比明显占据优势,两组患者比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将口腔种植体方案用于牙列缺损患者治疗过程中,不仅增加患者对治疗结果的满意度,而且有效减少医疗纠纷的发生,值得临床推广和使用。     

3种修复材料修复后牙邻(牙合)面洞疗效观察

本观察选择水调玻璃离子水门汀、光固化复合树脂和银汞3种常用的后牙修复材料,用国际通用的USPHS疗效评价法对修复后牙邻牙合面洞的疗效进行了评定,为临床应用提供了参考资料。1材料和方法1.1材料:ChemFilR Superior水调玻璃离子水门汀,PrismaR TPHTM光固化复合树脂,银汞合金,3     

口腔种植修复牙列缺损的疗效探讨

目的:探讨口腔种植修复牙列缺损的效果.方法:选取我科2018年1月～2019年1月间,收治的牙列缺损患者52例,根据治疗方法不同将患者分为2组各为26例,观察组采用口腔种植修复治疗,对照组采用常规修复治疗.结果:观察组治疗有效率为92.31％,对照组治疗有效率为76.92％,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组...     

上海市老年人牙列缺损及修复情况

为了解上海市中老年人缺牙及修复情况 ,作者调查了上海市区数十个街道社区的 42 5位中老年居民 ,现将调查资料分析报道如下。1　对象及方法1.1　 对象　调查人数共 42 5名 ,其中老年前期 (4 5～ 5 9岁 ) 6 4人 ,占受检人数的 15 .0 6 %,6 0～ 91岁老人 36 1人 ,占 84.94%,按年龄分为 45岁～、6 0岁～、70岁～、80～ 91岁 4组。其中男12 7人 ,占 2 9.88%,女 2 98人 ,占 70 .12 %。1.2 　 方法　采用统一检查器械 ,对缺牙情况、修复情况、牙体牙周状况、义齿质量进行检查 ,并按一例一卡制登记 ,检查组成员固定 ,检查标准及方法统一。2　结　果…     

后牙牙冠大面积缺损的桩冠修复

后牙牙冠大面积缺损 ,尤其是牙合牙伸长、患牙牙合龈距离短者 ,单纯用充填的方法修复往往因不能获得良好的固位形及抗力形而失败 ,即使再做金属全冠保护 ,也因全冠固位力差而脱落。 1 998～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我们使用铸造金属桩冠修复大面积后牙牙冠缺损 3 6例 ,临床效果满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　 3 6例均为我院门诊患者。男 2 4例 ,女 1 2例 ;年龄 2 1～ 6 1岁 ,平均 45岁。其中上、下颌第二前磨牙各 4颗 ,上颌第一磨牙 1 1颗 ,下颌第一磨牙9颗 ,下颌第二磨牙 8颗。本组 3 6例 ,3 6颗患牙均为牙冠大面积缺损 ,无法制备洞…     

隐形义齿修复牙列缺损258例

近年来我们采用隐形义齿修复治疗牙列缺损患者 2 5 8例 ,疗效满意。现报告如下。临床资料 :2 5 8例患者中前牙列缺损 10 6例 ,后牙列缺损143例 ,上下全口义齿 (颌间关系正常且牙槽嵴丰满 ) 3例 ,食物嵌塞防治基托 2例 ,制作颌垫 2例 ,腭护板、矫正保持器各1例。病例选择标准为上下前牙缺失 ,基牙临床牙冠较长 ,并有 5°以内倒凹 ;缺牙区有足够的排牙间隙即咬颌不能过低 ,以利于“T”形固定孔设计。方法及结果 :采用美国 Valplast公司生产的隐形义齿材料。 1牙体预备 :在缺失区保留 5°以内基牙倒凹 ,后牙缺失制备颌支托凹 ,利用组织倒凹固…     

老年人牙体缺损修复308例治疗体会

本文通过在治疗中对失活牙的处理，备窝洞及充填时，对可能引起疼痛和尽量使操作简便，省时上进行探讨。充填材料用高级牙用复合羧聚陶瓷（ＣＯ－１粘固剂），这种材料在临床可充填各类牙体缺损，具有质量好、易操作、省时间、痛苦少的特点。经３０８例老年人牙体缺损修复...     

Vita 3D全瓷修复体的临床应用观察

目的：探讨Vita 3D全瓷修复体在单个牙缺失或牙体缺损固定修复中的应用。方法选择49例单个牙缺失或牙体缺损患者共进行56颗Vita 3D全瓷修复体的固定修复,随访观察1-2年。结果除2例（前牙单冠）在修复2年后牙冠崩瓷但未折裂脱落外,其余修复体修复效果良好,在边缘密合度、冠染色、基牙牙周袋方面均达A级,未见脱落及松动,成功率达96．43％。结论 Vita 3D全瓷修复体可用于单个牙缺失或牙体缺损的固定桥修复,效果良好。     

Scaling and spontaneous symmetry restoring of topological defect dynamics in liquid crystal

Topological defects—locations of local mismatch of order—are a universal concept playing important roles in diverse systems studied in physics and beyond, including the universe, various condensed matter systems, and recently, even life phenomena. Among these, liquid crystal has been a platform for studying topological defects via visualization, yet it has been a challenge to resolve three-dimensional structures of dynamically evolving singular topological defects. Here, we report a direct confocal observation of nematic liquid crystalline defect lines, called disclinations, relaxing from an electrically driven turbulent state. We focus in particular on reconnections, characteristic of such line defects. We find a scaling law for in-plane reconnection events, by which the distance between reconnecting disclinations decreases by the square root of time to the reconnection. Moreover, we show that apparently asymmetric dynamics of reconnecting disclinations is actually symmetric in a comoving frame, in marked contrast to the two-dimensional counterpart whose asymmetry is established. We argue, with experimental supports, that this is because of energetically favorable symmetric twist configurations that disclinations take spontaneously, thanks to the topology that allows for rotation of the winding axis. Our work illustrates a general mechanism of such spontaneous symmetry restoring that may apply beyond liquid crystal, which can take place if topologically distinct asymmetric defects in lower dimensions become homeomorphic in higher dimensions and if the symmetric intermediate is energetically favorable.

Topologically nontrivial configurations of order, called topological defects, may appear generically and spontaneously when order is formed. As such, topological defects have been studied in diverse disciplines (1, 2), including cosmology (3), crystals and liquid crystals (2), superconductivity and superfluid (4–9), and biology (10–19) to name but a few. While there exist various kinds of defects characterized by different symmetries and properties, defects may also enjoy common properties across different disciplines. In this context, liquid crystal has the advantage that it is amenable to direct optical observations; various compounds and techniques exist; and as a soft matter system, it shows large response to external fields, being suitable for studying nonequilibrium and nonlinear effects (2, 20). This advantage has been recognized and used for decades, with a notable example of observing liquid crystal defects to test predictions for cosmic strings (21). Moreover, the scope of studies of liquid crystalline defects has been recently extended remarkably, including the use of defects as templates for molecular self-assembly (22) and the recent surge of investigations of active nematic systems bearing relevance to life phenomena (10–19).Despite this history, resolving fully three-dimensional (3D) structures of liquid crystal defects has not been straightforward, even for the simplest kind of defects, namely nematic disclination lines. Well-known techniques for 3D observation of defects and other orientational structures are fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy (23, 24) and two- or three-photon excitation fluorescence polarizing microscopy (25–27). Both techniques allow one to reconstruct the 3D structure of the director field, by which one can determine the position and structure of defects in principle. To do so, however, one needs to reduce the effect of defocusing and polarization changes due to the birefringence of liquid crystal. For singular defects, such as nematic disclinations, scattering at the core gives another difficulty. The effect of birefringence can be significantly reduced by partial polymerization of the medium (28), but this cannot be used to study dynamics of defects.Here, we propose a method to capture dynamically evolving 3D structures of nematic disclination lines by using confocal microscopy and a recently reported accumulation of fluorescent dyes around the singular core of defects (29). This method allows us to visualize the disclinations directly (Fig. 1), without reconstructing and analyzing the director field. Using this technique, we observe reconnections of disclinations—a hallmark of such topological defect lines—and characterize the reconnection dynamics in terms of scaling and symmetry.Open in a separate windowFig. 1.Reconnections and loop shrinkage. (A–C) Sketches of an in-plane reconnection (A), an intersecting reconnection (B), and a loop shrinkage (C). (D–F) Confocal observations of an in-plane reconnection (D), an intersecting reconnection (E), and a loop shrinkage (F) (Movies S1–S4). E, Insets display side views of the event shown in E. (Scale bars: D–F, 50 μm; E, Insets, 20 μm.).     

房间隔缺损与室间隔缺损介入治疗失败后外科手术疗效分析

目的:分析房间隔缺损(ASD)和室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗失败后外科手术的效果。方法:选择2000年1月至2007年12月在我院接受经导管介入治疗ASD(12例)和VSD(4例)失败后需再行外科手术的16例,其中封堵器脱落7例,心脏穿孔3例,Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞(AVB)2例,瓣膜关闭不全2例(其中1例合并Ⅲ°-AVB),残余漏和封堵失败各1例。手术均在体外循环下进行,取出封堵器,修复心内畸形,术后入ICU监护。结果:ASD介入治疗患者中,手术探查ASD直径平均31 mm,较术前经彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断的平均直径26 mm增大(P0.05)。ASD部位为中央型5例,下腔型7例,与术前诊断相符率41.7%,不相符率58.3%。VSD直径平均5 mm,与术前差异无统计学意义。VSD部位为膜部2例,流出部与肌部各1例。3例Ⅲ°-AVB患者术后均恢复窦性心律。心内畸形修复完善,无手术死亡。结论:及时采取外科手术治疗介入封堵失败后并发症,效果良好,安全可靠,并可避免并发症造成的不良后果。     

用国产封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损62例效果评价

目的通过采用国产封堵器介入治疗62例室间隔缺损(VSD)患者,评价国产封堵器介入治疗VSD疗效。方法在经胸超声、X线监测、左心室造影指导下,采用国产封堵器介入封堵治疗。患者平均年龄(4.9±3.7)岁;膜部室间隔缺损平均大小(5.9±2.1)mm。结果62例VSD患者中,60例封堵获成功(成功率96.8%),术后无封堵器移位、脱落、溶血等并发症。结论国产封堵器封堵室间隔缺损成功率高(96.8%),与进口封堵器封堵室间隔缺损效果相似(93.1%),且费用低,符合国情,易于普及。     

正常恒牙和氟斑牙釉质表面元素成份的能谱分析

本文应用Ｘ射线能谱分析仪对正常牙和氟斑牙釉质表面进行了无机成分测定。结果发现，氟斑牙表面的微量元素Ｆｅ（铁）、Ｍｎ（锰）、Ｚｎ（锌）的含量比正常牙釉质高，而Ｃａ（钙）的含量稍低于正常牙釉质表面。作者认为，氟斑牙的抗龋能力可能与釉质表面微量元素的含量有关。     

超声心动图和左室造影测量膜部室间隔缺损的相关研究

目的对比分析超声心动图（UCG）和左室造影（LV）定量测量膜（周）部室间隔缺损（VSD）的相关性。方法全组患者106（男49,女57）例,年龄2～45（9.6±8.3）岁。UCG采用非标准左室长轴、大血管短轴及五腔切面;LV取左前斜位45°～60°加头位25°,测量VSD的大小,与主动脉瓣右冠瓣的距离。结果LV测量VSD大小显著大于左室长轴超声测量值（7.4±2.9mmvs5.2±2.3mm,P<0.05）,而与大血管短轴及五腔心切面UCG测量值（7.0±2.9mm,7.0±3.2mm）无显著性差异（P>0.05）。大血管短轴与五腔心切面UCG测量VSD大小值之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但显著大于左室长轴切面测值（P<0.05）。LV测量VSD距主动脉瓣距离显著大于左室长轴切面测值（3.4±1.0mmvs2.3±0.7mm,P<0.05）,而与五腔心切面测值（3.0±1.0mm）无显著性差异（P>0.05）。五腔心切面所测室间隔缺损距主动脉瓣距离亦与LV测值显著相关（r=0.84,P<0.01）。UCG在大血管短轴切面所测室缺与三尖瓣的距离为3.3±1.3（1.5～7）mm。结论膜部VSD介入治疗时仍应以LV测量VSD的大小和位置为选择封堵器的“金标准”,UCG测量可以作为左室造影的重要补充;而VSD与三尖瓣的距离只能用UCG测量。     

Evaluation of ventricular septal defect repair using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: frequency and significance of residual defects in infants and children

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) is commonly used to assess for residual defect and the need to return to bypass after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD). The frequency and significance of residual septal defects as noted on IOTEE has not been well defined. We evaluated the frequency of residual VSD via IOTEE and the relationship between size of a residual VSD and rate of reoperation. In addition, we looked at the relationship between the presence of a residual VSD via IOTEE and the presence of residual VSD at follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Residual VSD was measured via the largest width of the Doppler color jet diameter originating at the left ventricular septal surface. Of the 294 patients evaluated with IOTEE after VSD repair, one-third had a residual defect by IOTEE Doppler color flow mapping. Two-thirds of these defects closed spontaneously on TTE by the time of hospital discharge. There was no difference in frequency of residual VSD between simple (VSD closure alone, n = 90) and complex (VSD with associated lesions, n = 204) repair. Return to bypass with immediate reoperation was undertaken in nine patients, all of whom had significant shunt via oximetry (Qp/Qs > 1.5:1.0). All had residual VSD color jet diameters > 3 mm. Seven patients had residual color jet equal to 3 mm; however, hemodynamic studies did not reveal a significant shunt and none of these had reoperation. Seven patients with no VSD or < 3 mm residual VSD via had late reoperation to close residual VSD at 4 days to 5 months after initial operation. These were due to patch dehiscence or development of an "intramural" VSD in patients with conotruncal anomaly. A residual defect on IOTEE color Doppler measuring > or = 4 mm predicts the need for immediate reoperation, while a 3 mm defect may be significant and requires additional intraoperative hemodynamic evaluation. The majority of small defects noted on IOTEE are not present at discharge TTE. Patients with conotruncal defect repair should be followed closely for development of late significant "intramural" defects.     

原发性高血压早期肾损害微量白蛋白尿的临床价值

目的 :探讨原发性高血压 (EH)早期肾损害微量白蛋白尿 (U- MAlb)的临床价值。方法 :用免疫透射比浊法对尿蛋白试纸阴性的 16 1例 EH患者测定 U- MAIb,并与 12 5例正常健康者作比较。结果 :EH组 U- MAlb排出量增加的人数占患者的 37.3% ,EH 、 级组极显著高于 级组 , 级组显著高于 级组 ,EH组 U- MAlb极显著高于正常组。结论 :EH患者有相当比例已发生 U- MAlb,高血压级越大 ,年龄越大 ,病程越长 ,发生 U- MAlb的比例越大 ,排出量也越高。定期检测 U - MAlb排出量对发现 EH早期肾损害有重要的临床价值。     

Further studies on factor VII padua defect: the report of the fourth homozygous patient from the same valley

Summary A new patient with factor VII Padua abnormality is presented. The proposita is an 11-year-old girl who showed a mild bleeding tendency and a laboratory pattern characterized by a prolonged prothrombin time corrected by normal serum, normal partial thromboplastin time and normal Thrombotest. Factor VII assay was 10% using rabbit brain thromboplastin and 100% of normal using ox brain thromboplastin. Factor VII cross-reaction material was normal. The parents were not consanguineous but both came from the same area and were found to be heterozygous for the abnormality. The discovery of the present patient, the fourth in three years, indicates that the defect might be more frequent than originally thought.Supported by grants from the M.P.I. (grant 1592–1980), Rome and from the Veneto Regional Government, Venice     

Fatigue Analysis and Defect Size Evaluation of Filled NBR including Temperature Influence

The fatigue behavior of a filled non-crystallizing elastomer was investigated on axisymmetric dumbbell specimens. By plotting relevant Wöhler curves, a power law behavior was found. In addition, temperature increases due to heat build-up were monitored. In order to distinguish between initiation and crack growth regimes, hysteresis curves, secant and dynamic moduli, dissipated and stored energies, and normalized minimum and maximum forces were analyzed. Even though indications related to material damaging were observed, a clear trend to recognize the initiation was not evident. Further details were revealed by considering a fracture mechanics. The analysis of the fracture surfaces evidenced the presence of three regions, associated to initiation, fatigue striation, and catastrophic failure. Additional fatigue tests were performed with samples in which a radial notch was introduced. This resulted in a reduction in lifetime by four orders of magnitude; nevertheless, the fracture surfaces revealed similar failure mechanisms. A fracture mechanics approach, which considered the effect of temperature, was adopted to calculate the critical defect size for fatigue, which was found to be approximately 9 μm. This value was then compared with the particle size distribution obtained through X-ray microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) of undamaged samples and it was found that the majority of the initial defects were indeed smaller than the calculated one. Finally, the evaluation of J-integral for both unnotched and notched dumbbells enabled the assessment of a geometry-independent correlation with fatigue life.