胰腺假性囊肿诊治体会

目的 总结胰腺假性囊肿的诊治体会.方法 回顾性分析52例胰腺假性囊肿患者临床资料.10例保守治疗,内引流术16例,外引流术4例,序贯式内外引流术4例,胰腺部分切除术18例.结果 保守治疗者均痊愈,无复发;行内引流术者中有1例发生肠瘘;外引流术1例出现胰瘘,3例复发;行胰腺部分切除术有1例出现胰瘘.结论 根据病情和病程选择合适的手术时机及手术方式是治疗胰腺假性囊肿的关键.     

胰腺假性囊肿诊治体会

目的　回顾性分析近20年来对23例胰腺假性囊肿的治疗情况。方法　保守治愈5例,均为近期患 急性胰腺炎者;手术治疗18例,其中外引流1例,内外流14例,囊肿切除术3例。结果　无手术死亡,外引流术后 胰瘘1例,囊肿切除术后复发1例,内引流术后无严重并发症出现。结论　急性囊肿应观察6周,有些病例有自行 消散的可能,慢性囊肿一经确诊即行内引流治疗,内引流是目前较理想的有效手术方式。     

胰腺假性囊肿19例治疗分析

目的：总结胰腺假性囊肿治疗体会。方法：本组中2例保守治疗痊愈，15例行内引流手术，1例行外引流术，1例行胰腺部分切除术。结果：术后3例并发胰瘘，其余恢复良好，胰瘘经保守治疗均痊愈。结论：应根据具体情况选择术式是治疗关键。     

慢性胰腺假性囊肿18例手术治疗体会

目的 探讨慢性胰腺假性囊肿的手术方法及效果.方法 对18例慢性胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.18例患者择期行囊肿内引流术,其中16例行空肠-囊肿Roux-en-Y吻合术（6例合并胆囊结石者附加胆囊切除术）,2例行胃-囊肿吻合术.术后给予生长抑素、抗生素及加强营养支持治疗,预防吻合口漏、出血等并发症的发生.结果 行空肠-囊肿Roux-en-Y吻合的16例患者术后均恢复顺利;行胃-囊肿吻合术的2例患者术后出现吻合口出血1例,经对症保守治疗后痊愈.所有患者术后6周复查CT示囊肿已消失.随访1～5年,均无复发,无并发症发生.结论 囊肿内引流手术治疗慢性胰腺假性囊肿疗效确切、操作简单,适合基层医院开展.     

胰腺假性囊肿手术分析

目的 探讨胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)的病因、转归及由此采取的临床外科治疗方式.方法 对43例PPC患者的临床外科手术资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组治愈36例,复发4例,其中l例囊肿单纯切除术后复发,1例为囊肿合并胰尾、脾切除术后复发,2例囊肿外引流术后胰瘘,二期分别行囊肿或瘘管空肠吻合术最终治愈,死亡3例,分别死于吻合口漏合并感染中毒性休克及重症胰腺炙期间继发重症感染.结论 PPC需要手术治疗时应根据病人的具体情况选择合适的术式.     

40例胰腺假性囊肿诊治体会

目的：探讨胰腺假性囊肿（PPC）的诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析1995年-2005年收治的40例PPC患者的临床资料。保守治疗6例，行内引流术29例，外引流术3例，胰腺部分切除术2例。结果：无手术死亡。保守治疗6例均治愈，未见复发（随访1～5年），行内引流术29例中有1例并消化道出血，1例并发肠瘘，余27例恢复良好，无复发，外引流术3例中1例出现胰瘘，1例复发。行胰腺部分切除术2例，均恢复良好。结论：对于PPC的诊治应制订个体化治疗方案，根据病情及病程选择合适的方案是治疗的关键。     

胰腺假性囊肿76例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺假性囊肿患者的诊断方法和治疗方案。方法 对76例胰腺假性囊肿的临床资料进行回顾性分析，其中行单纯囊肿外引流术4例，囊肿十二指肠吻合术5例，囊肿胃吻合术16例，囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术36例，囊肿单纯切除术3例，囊肿及胰尾、脾切除术1例；非手术治疗11例。结果 治愈71例，复发3例，死亡2例。结论 诊断须重视病史和B超、CT等检查的内在联系。有些急性囊肿可经非手术治疗6周而白行消散；慢性囊肿一经确诊即具备手术指征，囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术是目前较理想的内引流术式。     

胰腺良性肿瘤23例临床治疗分析

目的 探讨胰腺良性肿瘤的诊断与治疗,手术方式的选择,术后并发症的防治.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2009年12月收治的23例胰腺良性肿瘤患者的临床资料.患者均接受外科手术治疗.5例行肿瘤摘除术,8例行胰体尾脾脏切除术,1例行胰腺中段切除术,5例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰腺囊肿空肠R-Y吻合内引流术.18例患者手术后应用了生长抑素.结果 本组术后病理诊断:胰腺囊肿8例,胰岛细胞瘤4例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,浆液性囊腺瘤3例,实质性假乳头状瘤2例.10例发生胰瘘的患者有7例出现继发的腹腔感染.死亡1例,死于胰十二指肠切除术后多脏器功能衰竭.结论 胰腺良性肿瘤无特异性症状和血清学实验室检查,CT及内窥镜下逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对临床诊断治疗有很大帮助.手术方式的选择取决于肿瘤生长部位及术中对肿瘤良恶性的判断,可行胰十二指肠切除术、胰腺中段切除术、保留或不保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术及肿瘤摘除术.胰瘘是手术后主要的并发症.可靠结扎主胰管、妥善处理胰腺创面、胰液外引流可以降低胰瘘发生率.     

胰腺假性囊肿36例外科手术治疗的临床分析

目的 评价胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)患者的外科手术治疗时机、手术方式.方法 对36例PPC患者的临床外科手术资料进行回顾性分析.结果 36例患者中行单纯囊肿外引流术2例,囊肿十二指肠吻合术3例,囊肿胃后壁吻合术9例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术18例,囊肿单纯切除术2例,囊肿及胰尾、脾切除术2例,其中治愈31例(86.1%),复发3例,死亡2例.结论 PPC需要手术治疗时应根据病人的具体情况选择合适的术式.     

腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术及胰腺假性囊肿内引流术治疗经验

目的总结腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术及胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的治疗经验，探讨腹腔镜下胰体尾部手术的可行性。方法2005年2月～2006年8月分别对1例胰体尾囊性占位、2例胰岛素瘤患者施行腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术（保留脾脏1例）；对1例胰体尾部假性囊肿患者施行腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃吻合内引流术。结果4例手术均获成功，术中出血量均在200mL以内，手术时间分别为150、210、240和120min，4例患者术后恢复顺利，术前症状明显缓解，无并发症发生。2例胰岛素瘤患者术后血糖恢复。胰腺假性囊肿患者内引流术后囊肿明显缩小。结论腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术及胰腺囊肿内引流术是安全可行的，具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少等优点。     

CT导向下介入治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的: 探讨胰腺假性囊肿在CT导向下采用介入治疗的可行性及安全性.方法: 16例胰腺假性囊肿病例均在CT导向下行经皮穿刺抽吸及置管引流术,直径＜6cm的囊肿,采用抽吸治疗,最多2次.直径＞6cm的囊肿,采用置管引流及抽吸治疗.结果: 16例患者均获得满意疗效,其中1例因囊肿直径＞12cm,且并发多个小囊肿,拟行置管引流术后,又经3次CT导向下经皮穿刺抽吸治疗,均无胰瘘等并发症发生.随访12例,随访时间为2～24个月,无1例复发.结论: CT导向下经皮穿刺抽吸及置管引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿是一种安全有效的介入治疗技术,其成功率高,并发症少,疗效确切,病人痛苦少,可反复进行.     

活血化瘀法治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发胰腺假性囊肿

目的：观察活血化瘀法治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发胰腺假性囊肿的临床效果。方法：对并发假性囊肿的重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）患者采用活血化瘀为主,内服中药以桃红四物汤加减,六合丹外敷腹部或胁肋部,丹参注射液静脉滴注。结果：105例并发假性囊肿的SAP患者中14例因感染发生脓肿而手术,12例因假性囊肿压迫胃肠导致不全性肠梗阻而进行择期囊肿内引流术,79例经活血化瘀治疗后好转。结论大多数SAP并发胰腺假性囊肿可以通过活血化瘀法得到控制,并发感染或者肠梗阻者仍需要积极手术治疗。     

Emergency surgery for pancreatic pseudocysts

Pancreatic pseudocysts are a frequent complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The management of acute surgical emergencies associated with pseudocysts is unique. In a series of 117 patients with one or more pancreatic pseudocysts, 32% required urgent operation because of a cyst-related complication. The mean day of pseudocyst diagnosis was 7.8. Thirty percent of the patients had operation on the day of admission, while 70% required operation during cyst maturation because of an increase in size of the cyst or suspected rupture or infection. Twelve patients were found to have mature cysts at operation and had internal drainage, and external drainage was used in 56%. A pancreatic fistula developed in 22% of the patients, and septic complications occurred in 27% of surviving patients. The overall mortality was 18.9%. Mortality was 18% and 19%, respectively, for patients who had operation on the day of admission or during cyst maturation.     

Pancreatic pseudocyst with biliary fistula: treatment with endoscopic internal drainage

Surgical drainage is the standard treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts and their complications. However, acute symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts are amenable to endoscopic internal drainage in select cases. We report a case of pancreatic pseudocyst with biliary fistula resulting from a recurrent pseudocyst treated with endoscopic stent drainage.     

小儿假性胰腺囊肿的手术治疗

目的：总结小儿假性胰腺囊肿外科手术治疗的经验。方法：回顾性总结手术治疗的14例小儿假性胰腺囊肿的临床资料。本组患儿均采用手术治疗。其中行内引流术9例（64．28％），包括腹腔镜手术3例（21．42％）。外引流术5例（35．71％）。结果：14例患儿均痊愈出院，住院时间7～36d。所有病例均有术后病理检查证实为假性胰腺囊肿。结论：内引流术优于外引流术。手术治疗应尽可能行内引流术，其中囊肿胃吻合术是一种简单合理的内引流术式，可作首选。采取腹腔镜手术效果更佳。     

Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst: a long-term follow-up

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: No studies with real long-term follow-up after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts are available. The present study was undertaken to investigate the long-term outcome of endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 38 consecutive patients with pancreatic pseudocyst underwent endoscopic cystogastrostomy (n = 27), endoscopic cystoduodenostomy (n = 6) and transpapillary drainage (n = 5). Patients were monitored at 1 and 3 months after drainage, and finally between 24 and 80 months. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done at 1 and 3 months after drainage while ultrasound was done at 3 months and at the end of follow-up. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was only done before cyst drainage if no cyst bulge was visible in the stomach or duodenum or if obstructive jaundice was present. RESULTS: Biliary pancreatitis was responsible for the pseudocyst in 19 cases while the remaining occurrences were caused by alcohol (n = 12) and trauma (n = 7). All forms of endoscopic drainage were effective in treating pancreatic pseudocyst and there was complete disappearance of the cyst within 3 months of drainage, irrespective of cause. Over a mean follow-up of 44.23 months (24 - 80 months). Three patients had symptomatic recurrences while three had asymptomatic recurrences; all had alcohol-induced pancreatitis. No recurrences were seen in the biliary pancreatitis and trauma group. All symptomatic recurrences were successfully managed with endoscopic cystogastrostomy and stenting. A massive bleed in one patient required surgery while stent block and cyst infection in three patients and perforation in one patient were managed conservatively. ERCP was done before cyst drainage in eight patients because there was no visible bulge into the stomach or duodenum (n = 5), or because obstructive jaundice was present (n = 3). In five patients ERCP revealed cyst duct communication. All these patients were managed by transpapillary drainage and there was only one asymptomatic recurrence in this group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst is quite an effective and safe mode of treatment in experienced hands. ERCP before the procedure is only required when the cyst does not bulge into gut lumen, for a decision about the feasibility of transpancreatic drainage. On long-term follow-up, recurrences were seen only in the alcoholic pancreatitis group. In the biliary pancreatitis group, no recurrences were seen after cholecystectomy and removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones if present. No recurrences were seen in the trauma group.     

Pancreatic pseudocyst in a gastrectomized patient: Treatment with internalized endoprosthesis

Direct percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts in communication with the duct of Wirsung can lead to pancreaticocutaneous fistula. These patients are safely treated with the percutaneous transgastric approach. In a gastrectomized patient who developed a pseudocyst, we percutaneously placed in internal endoprosthesis from the duct of Wirsung to the afferent loop and gastric pouch.     

Pancreaticothoracic fistulas: imaging findings in five patients

Background Pancreaticothoracic fistulas are a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. This study evaluated the imaging findings in patients with pancreaticothoracic fistulas. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiographic images in five patients with pancreaticothoracic fistulas diagnosed at our institution during the previous 6 years. Data from radiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and drainage catheter studies were evaluated. Results Persistent pleural effusions were present on the radiographs of all patients. ERCP was performed in three patients. Contrast material was injected into drainage catheters placed in a pancreatic pseudocyst in one patient and a pancreatic abscess in another patient. Pancreaticothoracic fistulas were demonstrated on all of these studies. One patient had a CT study immediately after ERCP and another patient had a CT study immediately after contrast material was injected through a drainage catheter placed percutaneously in a pseudocyst. CT demonstrated the full extent of the pancreaticothoracic fistula in both patients. Conclusion Pancreaticothoracic fistulas are rare and may require multiple imaging modalities to establish a diagnosis.     

Utility of endoscopic ultrasonography in endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts in selected patients

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and to determine patency with fistula dilation and placement of multiple stents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 1995 and January 1999, 19 patients underwent endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, 17 of whom were assessed by EUS before drainage. Radial EUS scanning was used to detect an optimal site of apposition of pseudocyst and gut wall, free of intervening vessels. A fistula was created with a fistulatome, followed by balloon dilation of the fistula tract. Patency was maintained with multiple double pigtail stents. The primary goal of this retrospective study was to determine whether EUS affected the practice of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. RESULTS: In 3 patients, drainage was not attempted based on EUS findings. In the other 13 patients (14 pseudocysts), creation of a fistula was successful on 13 occasions, and no immediate complications occurred. However, 1 patient subsequently developed sepsis that required surgery. All other patients were treated with balloon dilation, multiple stents, and antibiotics, with no septic complications. Of 14 pseudocysts (in 13 patients), 13 (93%) resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Results of EUS may alter management of patients considered for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Endoscopic ultrasonography was useful for selecting an optimal and safe drainage site. The combination of balloon dilation, multiple stents, and antibiotics appears to resolve pancreatic pseudocysts without septic complications.