移居汉族与平原汉族胎盘组织基因表达谱的差异

平原人进入高原后,机体在神经体液调节下发生一系列的代偿适应性变化,以适应高原环境。在高原习服适应过程中,有的基因的表达可能发生改变以适应高原环境。本文采用基因芯片技术和生物信息学方法,检测和分析移居汉族和平原汉族胎盘之间的线粒体相关基因的表达谱变化,旨在研究移居汉族与平原汉族的胎盘组织的基因表达谱变化。     

阿尼玛卿山高原鼠兔心肌、骨骼肌、肝、肾SDH与LDH组织化学的观察

本文报道了生活在阿尼玛卿山(海拔4500m)的高原鼠兔与在平原(北京)的wistar大鼠心肌,骨骼肌(腓肠肌),肝及肾组织内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性测定,高原鼠兔心肌,骨骼肌中的SDH活性明显高于wistar大鼠,LDH活性无明显改变;wistar大鼠的肝小叶外带处SDH和LDH活性很强,而高原鼠兔的酶反应沉淀物均匀地分布在整个肝小叶中。我们认为心肌和骨骼肌中SDH活性增强,是高原鼠兔对高原低氧适应的一种机体代偿反应,SDH可作为高原低氧适应动物的一个标志酶。     

移居汉族与平原汉族胎盘组织基因表达谱的差异

目的研究移居汉族与平原汉族的胎盘组织的基因表达谱变化。方法采用基因芯片,筛选出移居汉族与平原汉族的胎盘差异表达基因。结果表达差异以≥1.5或≤0.67为标准时,移居汉族与平原汉族相比,Itga5基因（integrinalpha 5）的表达下调。结论移居汉族与平原汉族相比,胎盘组织的Itga5基因的表达降低,可能是高原产后出血发生率较高的重要原因。     

高原鼠兔肺泡冲洗液中蛋白质含量的影响

目的：为了研究开发高原土生动物鼠兔肺表面活性物质；方法：本文对生活2800m,4480m高原鼠兔以及从兰州（1100m)移居到3600m(天峻）大白鼠均做了肺灌洗。采用克氏定氮方法，紫外光谱技术，SOD-PAGE方法。测定了肺灌洗液中蛋白质含量及种类变化。结果：两个海拔高度的鼠兔肺灌洗液中蛋白质从测定数值看虽有些改变，但无统计学意义；而鼠兔和大白鼠肺灌洗液中蛋白质含量有明显改变，从鼠兔肺灌洗液中获得分子量分别为68KD和17KD两种蛋白，结论：高原鼠兔在低氧环境下肺灌洗液蛋白质含量及种类处于正常水平。     

高原地区应用膜富氧装置室内增氧对人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工…

为提高室内氧浓度和氧分压，在海拔２２６０ｍ地区采用膜富氧装置建立了富氧室，使局部小环境氧浓度和氧分压基本接近海平面，可用于高原特殊人员防止高山缺氧反应。并应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和光密度扫描对富氧室外和进富氧室内２４名受试者进行了血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶（ＳＬＤＨ）活性和酶谱的观测。结果表明：在富氧室内二周ＳＬＤＨ酶活力低于富氧室外。ＳＬＤＨ同工酶谱均呈现５条区带，各亚基百分含量基本近平原地区居住人群的     

高原鼠兔肺表面活性物质的研究

本文通过对２８００ｍ，４４８０ｍ高原鼠兔和大白鼠肺表面活性性质的自身调节的研究。我们发现：大白鼠从兰州移居到３６００ｍ（天峻）后肺灌洗液中的磷脂含量都有不同程度的下降，蛋白质含量未见明显的变化。二个海拔高度的鼠兔肺磷脂含量均高于大白鼠，蛋白质卵磷脂含量在缺氧时代偿性增加和其它磷脂成分下降，可能是卵磷脂合成代谢支路代偿活跃，在缺氧情况下磷脂含量在缺氧时代偿时增加和其它磷脂成分下降，可能是卵磷合成代谢     

高原世居藏族α、β珠蛋白编码基因的克隆与测序

平原人移居高原后，为补偿低氧环境所导致的组织缺氧，红细胞和血红蛋白（hemoglobin，Hb）会代偿性增生，高原移居人群和南美高原世居民族都是以这种方式来适应高原低氧环境的。高原世居藏族Hb含量低于移居汉族和其他高原世居民族，且并不高于平原世居民族。Hb是由两条α与两条β珠蛋白链构成的四聚体分子，是结合与运输氧的重要载体，在高原低氧适应中具有重要生理作用。目前已在许多高原土生动物和迁徙鸟类（斑头雁）的Hb中，发现氧亲和力增高的突变，     

青藏高原高原鼠兔肌红蛋白(MGB)基因编码区的克隆与分析

目的：克隆青藏高原高原鼠兔肌红蛋白（MGB）基因编码区，并分析其序列特征。方法：采用RT—PCR技术从高原鼠兔骨骼肌中扩增出MGB基因编码区cDNA序列并进行序列测定，采用生物信息学技术对其进行分析。结果：MGB基因编码区由465bp组成，编码154个氨基酸。在根据cDNA推测出的高原鼠兔MGB氨基酸序列中，发现两个不同于Dene等根据氨基酸直接测序所报道的美洲地区高原鼠兔MGB的多态性位点。结论：成功克隆出青藏高原高原鼠兔MGB基因编码区，为进一步了解高原鼠兔低氧适应的分子机制提供了有益参考。     

高海拔地区应用膜富氧装置室内增氧对人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

目的：为提高室内氧浓度和氧分压，在海拔2600m地区采用膜富氧装置建立富氧室，使局部小环境氧浓度和氧分压基本接近海平面，可用于高原特殊人员预防高山缺氧反应；方法：应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和光密度扫描对进入富氧室前和进入富氧室后48名受试者进行血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(简称LDH)活性和酶谱的观测；结果：在富氧室内2周后LDH酶活力低于进富氧室前，LDH同工酶谱均呈现5条区带，各亚基百分含量基本接近平原地区居住人群的含量；结论：使用膜富氧装置后机体在富氧室内增氧后可以达到常氧环境的获氧水平，机体缺氧状态可以得到改善。     

高原地区应用膜富氧装置室内增氧对人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

为提高室内氧浓度和氧分压，在海拔2260m地区采用膜富氧装置建立了富氧室，使局部小环境氧浓度和氧分压基本接近海平面，可用于高原特殊人员防止高山缺氧反应。并应用聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳和光密度扫描对富氧室外和进富氧室内24名受试者进行了血清乳酸脱氨酶同工酶（简称SLDH）活性和酶谱的观测。结果表明：在富氧室内二周SLDH酶活力低于富氧室外。SLDH同工酶谱均呈现5条区带，各亚基百分含量基本接近平原地区居住人群的含量。认为使用膜富氧装置后机体在富氧室内增氧后可以达到常氧环境的获氧水平，机体缺氧状态可以得到改善。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.