硒对大鼠组织中硒、镉、锌、铜、锰含量的影响

本文观察了Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠经口摄入不同浓度的亚硒酸钠液，３周后用原子吸收分光光度法测定肝、肾、脾和睾丸中硒、镉、锌、铜和锰的含量。结果表明：给硒后肝、肾组织中硒的含量随着硒剂量的增加而升高；肝、肾、脾中锌的含量升高，而至１０ｍｇ／Ｌ组锌的含量又下降；肾、脾和睾丸中铜、锰的含量升高，肾、脾中锰含量随硒剂量的增加而降低。     

硒镉摄入对大鼠脏器中硒、镉、铜、锌、锰含量的影响

目的：探讨硒镉摄入对大鼠脏器中硒、镉、铜、锌、锰含量的影响。方法：用含5ppm硒、50ppm镉和含5ppm硒＋50ppm镉的水,供3月龄的Wistar雄性大鼠自由饮用,3周后用原子吸收分光光度法测定大鼠肝、肾、脾和睾丸中硒、镉、铜、锌和锰的含量。结果：5ppm硒组大鼠4种组织中硒、铅含量、肝脾组织中锌含量和肾、脾、睾丸组织中铜含量均高于对照组;50ppm镉组大鼠4种组织中镉的含量、肾脾组织中硒的含量和肝脾组织中铜锌含量均高于对照组;经口同时摄入硒、镉时大鼠4种脏器组织中硒的含量明显低于硒组,4种脏器组织中镉的含量明显高于硒组,肝脏组织中锌的含量显著低于镉组,脾脏组织中锌的含量显著低于硒组,肾、脾、睾丸组织中铜的含量低于硒组,肾、睾丸组织中锰的含量低于镉组。     

ICP-AES法同时测定车问空气中镉、锰、锌

在国标中车间空气中重金属检测方法为火焰原子吸收光谱法，样品用高氯酸-硝酸消化法做为前处理方法，此法前处理较复杂，尤其是加热时酸液溶液喷溅，样品量大时费时，而火焰原子吸收方法只能分别测定各元素。本文研究了采用干灰化法前处理样品结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定车间空气中的镉、锰、锌。现报告如下。     

镉对机体铜,锌含量的影响

作者研究了螺蛳对镉的生物富集,镉进入生物体后,体内铜水平明显下降。40只成年雌鼠分成5组,1组对照,4组染毒,所有染毒组给以40ppm(以Cd计)氯化镉溶液,其中三组分别再加铜、锌和铁。研究进行了共六个月。结果表明:对照组无异常发现,染毒组出现骨质疏松和皮质变薄,骨中铜水平明显下降。48只成年大鼠分成三组(雌雄各半),A组为对照组,B组喂以采自镉污染区的镉米,C组同样喂镉米再给10ppm(以Cd计)氯化镉溶液。实验共进行了两个月。染毒组骨锌明显下降。上述结果表明,镉所致缺铜或缺锌,在痛痛病发病机理中,可能是一个重要的因素。     

血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的原子吸收测定法

1主题内容与适用范围 本标准规定了血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定方法。本标准适用于血清中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定。     

ICP-AES法同时测定车间空气中镉、锰、锌

在国标中车间空气中重金属检测方法为火焰原子吸收光谱法[1～3],样品用高氯酸-硝酸消化法做为前处理方法,此法前处理较复杂,尤其是加热时酸液溶液喷溅,样品量大时费时,而火焰原子吸收方法只能分别测定各元素。本文研究了采用干灰化法前处理样品结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定车间空气中的镉、锰、锌。现报告如下。1实验部分1.1仪器与试剂1.1.1仪器美国热电公司IRISIntrepidⅡXSP电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪仪器参数发生器功率:1150W;雾化器压力:30psi;冷却气流量14L/min;辅助气流量1.0L/min;蠕动泵速率:125rpm;积分时间30s。1…     

腋毛锌、铜、铅、镉含量的探讨

本文分析了18～70岁健康男性132人腋毛中锌、铜、铅、镉的含量。结果表明:各年龄组之间腋毛锌、铜、铅、镉及锌/铜比值无显著差别。其中105人腋毛锌与全血锌呈正相关(r=0.2053,P<0.025)。腋毛与全血铜及锌/铜比值无线性相关。     

电焊工发中锰,锌,铜含量的测定

为研究人头发中微量元素的变化，对64例电焊工发中锰、锌、铜的含量进行了测定，现将结果报道如下。1对象与方法1．1对象本市某企业的电焊工人共64例，其中男性57例，女性7例，年龄20～53岁，工龄2～30年。体检结果仅1例为锰中毒观察对象，其余均未检出相关职业病。1．2方法元素测定采用国产FAX—IF2型火焰原子吸收仪测定。发样经洗涤干燥后准确称取0．5g，用硝酸一高氯酸法消化，消化后用蒸馏水定容于10ml比色管中。分别用锰、锌、铜的1．0mg／ml的标准贮备液配制成lpg／ml的锰、锌、铜标准混合应用液，再各配制锰、铜标准系列，由标准贮…     

经口摄入高硒镉对大鼠肝,肾组织中镉,锌,铜含量影响的研究

选用4周龄SD大鼠,经口染毒高硒(5.68mg/kg)、富硒(0.73mg/kg)和(或)高镉(33.3mg/kg)12周,并分别在实验的第3、6、9、12周末各处死一批大鼠,研究经口摄入高硒高镉对大鼠肝、肾组织中镉、锌、铜含量的影响。结果表明:同时摄入高硒高镉组大鼠体内镉蓄积明显低于单纯摄入高镉组;对单独摄入高硒、高镉所诱导的大鼠肝脏锌含量增加表现为拮抗作用;对单独摄入高硒所致大鼠肾脏锌含量降低的影响表现为拮抗作用;对单独摄入高硒、高镉所致大鼠肾脏铜含量增加的影响表现为协同作用。     

人发中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的原子吸收测定法

1主题内容与适用范围 本标准规定了人发中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定方法。本标准适用于人发中钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、锰、镉、铅、钴的测定。     

锌或铜诱导肝脏金属硫蛋白结合锌镉比值与铜镉比值的研究

[目的]观察镉（Cd）染毒后锌（Zn）或铜（Cu）诱导肝脏金属硫蛋白（MT）结合锌镉比值（Zn／Cd）与铜镉比值（Cu／Cd）的关系及其意义。[方法]将28只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为7组,每组4只,分别为：空白对照组（0）,不做任何处理;非预处理组（A1、A2）,皮下注射生理盐水;Zn处理组（B1、B2）,皮下注射ZnCl2（每千克体重染Zn 25mg）;Cu处理组（C1、C2）,皮下注射CuSO4（每千克体重染Cu 12.5mg）。预处理24h后,为实验组动物皮下注射镉．金属硫蛋白（CdMT,Cdmetallothionein）,造成Cd急性中毒,其中A1、B1、C1组每千克体重染Cd0．1mg,A2、B2、C2组每千克体重染Cd0．4mg。24h后处死,取肝脏,制备匀浆。离心后取上清液,加入SephadexG-75色谱层析柱。[结果]空白对照组动物肝脏中与MT结合的最主要金属元素是Zn,而Cd、Cu含量在检测限以下;与前者相比,A1、A2组动物肝脏MT和Cd含量随染毒剂量增加而升高,且A1、A2组肝脏MT中Zn／Cd值分别为20．0和10．0;B1、B2组肝脏MT中Zn／Cd值分别为20．8和20．3,Cu离子未检出;C1、C2组肝脏MT的Cu／Cd值分别为80．0和36．5,Zn含量下降明显。[结论]不同剂量Cd染毒后,Zn或Cu诱导动物肝脏MT中金属含量比例存在差异,Cu／Cd值高于Zn／Cd值,即与MT结合的Cd相比,Cu更易取代与MT结合的Zn。另外,肝脏中非MT结合Zn也是影响与MT结合的金属离子稳态的重要因素。     

Changes in Urinary Excretions of Cadmium,Copper, and Zinc in Japanese Workers

The authors undertook this study to determine changes in the daily concentration of cadmium, copper, and zinc in Japanese workers' urine over a 13-year period from 1985 to 1998. The workers were aged between 20 and 59 years. The authors studied 277 subjects in 1985, 320 in 1993, and 292 in 1998, for a total of 889 (464 men and 425 women). Although, in both men and women, urinary excretions of cadmium and copper were lower in 1993 and 1998 than in 1985, they were not substantially lower in 1998 than in 1993. The authors observed no marked changes between 1985, 1993, and 1998 regarding the excretion of zinc in any of the age groups in either men or women. Furthermore, the excretion of urinary cadmium in 1998 still exceeded the tolerable limit levels in the general population of the investigated region in Japan. This fact suggests the necessity of further nationwide investigation and comprehensive measures to reduce cadmium exposure in Japanese society.     

Age-Related Changes in Zinc,Copper and Selenium Levels in the Human Prostate

Pathophysiological changes in the prostate gland—benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa)—are closely related to the age of men. In the prostate gland, zinc is of particular importance for its proper functioning, especially with regard to the effects of hormonal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc, copper and selenium concentrations in different parts of the prostate gland in relation to age and the nature of pathological changes. Zinc and copper were determined by the AAS method and selenium by the spectrofluorometric method. The concentration of zinc in the central part of the prostate increases with age, and in patients over 36 years it is twice as high as in the peripheral part, where no increase in the level of this element was observed with the age of patients. The above data confirm a possible influence of zinc on the formation of PCa (located mostly in the peripheral part of the prostate, with low levels of zinc) and BPH in the central part where the levels of this element are the highest. The results apparently confirm the disturbed homeostasis of zinc and other essential elements in the etiology of BPH and PCa.     

头发中锌、铜、锰、硒含量与肿瘤关系的研究

微量元素与肿瘤的关系是当今十分引人注目的重要课题。大量流行病学、临床医学、环境医学以及动物实验的研究资料证实微量元素与肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗均有密切关系。本研究旨在通过２５例恶性肿瘤患者、２５例良性肿瘤患者和２５例无肿瘤者头发中锌、铜、锰、硒含量的测定、分析和比较，为肿瘤的检查和防治提供科学参考。１　材　料　与　方　法１．１　仪器　　Ｊ２型量子共振检测仪（日本）。量子共振检测仪（ＱｕａｎｔｕｍＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｍｅｔｅｒ，简称ＱＲＳ），该仪器的测定对象是伴随电子和基子群运动发生的…     

锌对镉所致胚胎毒性的保护作用研究

实验用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，分为正常组、低锌组、低锌染镉组、正常染镉组和染镉高锌保护组，分别饲养，其中三组在孕８和１０天注射镉（２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。妊娠第２０天处死动物，取血，并剖腹检查孕鼠内脏和胎鼠畸形情况。研究发现：与正常对照组相比，单纯缺锌即可引起胎鼠的吸收率增高和畸形的发生；而染镉（２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）也可引起胎鼠的吸收胎和迟死胎显著增加，并可引起皮下水肿、卷尾等外观畸形。在孕期缺锌的同时，给予孕鼠２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的镉，孕鼠在整个孕期体重呈负增长，胚胎不能形成；如给予孕鼠高锌饲养（２２７ｍｇ／ｋｇ），胎鼠可得到较好的保护，其吸收胎、死胎率明显下降，存活率显著上升，且胎鼠体重、身长也与对照组相差无几。提示孕鼠缺锌可引发胎儿畸形，缺锌染镉加重胚胎毒作用，而高锌膳食能拮抗镉所造成的胚胎毒作用。     

成都市126种食物锌、铜、铁含量的测定

<正> 不同地区的同种食物其成分差异较大,四川迄今没有各类食物Zn、Cu含量资料。现有食物成分表中列出含有Zn、Cu的食物品种和数量均很少,无法评估人群Zn、Cu的摄入量。为较准确地评价成都市幼儿Zn、Cu、Fe的摄入量,我们对成都市126种食物中的Zn、Cu、Fe含量进行了测定。     

Genetic Effects on Toxic and Essential Elements in Humans: Arsenic,Cadmium, Copper,Lead, Mercury,Selenium, and Zinc in Erythrocytes

Background and objectives

An excess of toxic trace elements or a deficiency of essential ones has been implicated in many common diseases or public health problems, but little is known about causes of variation between people living within similar environments. We estimated effects of personal and socioeconomic characteristics on concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in erythrocytes and tested for genetic effects using data from twin pairs.

Methods

We used blood samples from 2,926 adult twins living in Australia (1,925 women and 1,001 men; 30–92 years of age) and determined element concentrations in erythrocytes by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We assessed associations between element concentrations and personal and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as the sources of genetic and environmental variation and covariation in element concentrations. We evaluated the chromosomal locations of genes affecting these characteristics by linkage analysis in 501 dizygotic twin pairs.

Results

Concentrations of Cu, Se, and Zn, and of As and Hg showed substantial correlations, concentrations of As and Hg due mainly to common genetic effects. Genetic linkage analysis showed significant linkage for Pb [chromosome 3, near SLC4A7 (solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7)] and suggestive linkage for Cd (chromosomes 2, 18, 20, and X), Hg (chromosome 5), Se (chromosomes 4 and 8), and Zn {chromosome 2, near SLC11A1 [solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters)]}.

Conclusions

Although environmental exposure is a precondition for accumulation of toxic elements, individual characteristics and genetic factors are also important. Identification of the contributory genetic polymorphisms will improve our understanding of trace and toxic element uptake and distribution mechanisms.     

镉、锌对人胚肾细胞的联合作用

[目的]分析镉对肾细胞毒作用的剂量一效应关系和时间一效应关系，并观察锌对镉所致损伤的保护作用。[方法]实验采用人胚肾细胞(293细胞)，设对照组、锌组、镉组、镉 锌组。噻唑蓝(MTT)和乳酸脱氢酶(I．DH)测定各组对293细胞的毒作用；流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡情况。[结果]实验发现20和40μmol／L镉作用于细胞48h，细胞相对存活率明显降低，细胞上清液中的LDH明显增高，并且在2．5～40μmol／L范围内存在明显的时间-效应、剂量-效应关系。氯化锌50μmol／L作用12h，细胞相对存活率、细胞上清液中的LDH以及细胞凋亡，与对照组比较均无明显改变．选择锌50μmol／L作为联合作用浓度。镉 锌组与单独加镉组相比细胞存活率增高，细胞上清液中的LDH和凋亡细胞比例减少。[结论]氯化镉对于293细胞膜有明显的损伤作用，可引起细胞膜通透性增加、细胞内LDH漏出增加、细胞凋亡增加，上述指标在一定范围内存在时间-效应和剂量-效应关系。50μmol／L锌对于细胞膜在一定程度上有保护作用，能拮抗镉对于肾细胞的损伤作用。     

Superoxide Dismutase As An Index Of Copper, Zinc And Manganese Status

The activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), correlates well with other measures of copper status, but it is not affected by zinc deficiency. The activity of the mitochondrial enzyme (Mn-SOD) is expressed by manganese deficiency.     

长期存活恶性肿瘤病人血浆铜、锌水平及铜/锌比值的研究

<正> 近年来国内外文献报道,多种恶性肿瘤病人血清(或血浆)铜、锌水平(serum copper,zinc level,SCL,SZL or plasma copper,zinc level,PCL,PZL)有改变,铜/锌比值(copper/zinc ratio CZR)增高,且与临床分期、病情和预后密切相关,CZR的高低还可用来鉴别良、恶性肿瘤。随着诊疗方法的进步,恶性肿瘤病人5年和10年生存率在不断提高,对这部份病人血清或血浆微量元素报道极少,本文测定了确诊后存活10年以上的病人的血浆铜、