中老年股骨转子间骨折48例的治疗

目的：探讨应用股骨近端锁定接骨板内固定治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的方法及临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2006-08～2009-01应用股骨近端锁定接骨板固定治疗48例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者完整临床资料。结果：骨折处均顺利愈合,无切口感染、退钉、髋内翻畸形发生。疗效评定标准：优良率91.7%。结论：股骨近端锁定接骨板内固定通过3枚近端锁定松质骨拉力螺钉,将股骨头颈与股骨上端采用多点固定,可有效控制近端旋转,建立股骨上端支架结构,术中无需预弯钢板,直视下复位较容易,安放方便。尤其对于高龄老年骨质疏松患者,锁定螺钉固定有效降低了术后退钉、髋关节内翻、颈干角丢失等的发生率。     

DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

对54例股骨粗隆间骨折用动力加压髋螺钉接骨板(DHS)内固定治疗,对病列的类型、手术方法、术后处理及疗效进行总结。所有病例骨折均骨性愈合,患髋关节优良率94．5％,效果满意。对于31-A3型骨折应用时需谨慎。     

髋动力锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折60例疗效分析

目的探讨髋动力锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的方法及疗效。方法采用骨折切开复位髋动力锁定钢板内固定的方法治疗股骨粗隆间骨折60例。结果 60例手术均取得成功,随访6~24个月,优48例,良10例,可2例,优良率96.6%。结论髋动力锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有适应证广,手术时间短,术中出血少,术后固定牢,近远期效果好等优点,是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的首选方法。     

经皮微创锁定加压钢板内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的:探讨经皮微创锁定加压钢板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的效果.方法:自2004-03～2008-04经皮微创锁定加压钢板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折97例.按TronzoEvanS标准分类:一类Ⅰ型23例,Ⅱ型25例,ⅢA型18例,ⅢB型19例,Ⅳ型10例;二类2例.结果:90例获得随访,平均11个月(8～21个月).X光片显示骨折全部一期愈合,平均愈合时间为11.4周,均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动断裂等并发症.按照黄公怡疗效评价标准,优59例,良27例,差4例,总优良率95.6%.结论:经皮微创锁定加压钢板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折符合生物力学固定(BO)原则,并发症少,内固定牢靠,有利于骨折的愈合.     

解剖钢板治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折52例临床分析

目的：评价解剖钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的优越性,探讨此类骨折的治疗方法。方法：对52例股骨粗隆间骨折采用切开复位解剖钢板内固定,观察术中情况、愈合时间及疗效。结果：随访6～18月,术后骨折平均愈合时间5.8月,无钢板断裂、松动及骨折再移位情况发生,功能评价优良。结论：解剖钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折稳定性好、固定可靠、骨折愈合快的特点,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

3种内固定方式治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折 150例临床比较

目的对比分析3种不同器械对老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗作用。方法对150例老年股骨粗隆间骨折采用切开复位,应用双头加压镙钉、麦氏鹅头钉、DHS(dynamic hip screw)3种不同器械内固定治疗。结果本组平均随访2年,股骨粗隆间骨折全部愈合。用DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,优良率94％。结论DHS固定牢固,可以进行早期功能锻炼,减少并发症,是一种值得推广的方法。     

DCS治疗股骨反粗隆间骨折及粗隆下骨折

目的：探讨动力髁螺钉（DCS）手术治疗股骨不稳定骨折（反粗隆间及粗隆下骨折）的内固定方法。方法：采用AO学派推荐的动力髁螺钉及拉力螺钉内固定技术治疗反粗隆间及粗隆下型骨折30例。结果：经术后6个月～3年的随访,此两型不稳定型骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间为3～4个月,术后优良率90％。结论：股骨反粗隆间及粗隆下骨折以手术治疗为宜,DCS以坚强内固定、有效防旋及促进骨愈合等优点特别适用于股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折。     

PFNA与LCP治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较分析

目的比较应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)与股骨近端加锁髓内钉(PFNA)两种内固定方式治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法根据老年股骨粗隆间不同的骨折分型,对72例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者分别采用LCP(LCP组,n=34)及PFNA(PFNA组,n=38)进行内固定。对两组围术期各项指标和术后髋关节功能恢复情况进行比较。结果两组患者均获随访7~24个月。两组骨折手术时间、术后髋关节功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组切口大小、出血量、卧床时间、平均骨性愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种内固定方法临床疗效基本相当,但与LCP比较,PFNA适用于几乎所有的骨折类型且创伤小、出血量少、平均愈合及卧床时间更短,但对于某些特殊类型的骨折LCP固定也有其优势。     

PFNA与PFLP在不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者中的应用

正股骨粗隆间骨折治疗方式以手术为主,股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定、股骨近端锁定钢板(PFLP)内固定、动力髋螺钉(DHS)等均是其常用的手术方式~([1])。有报道指出,DHS多用于稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗,对于不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折治疗效果欠佳~([2])。但对于PFLP与PFNA在股骨粗隆间骨折中的治疗优势,目前尚有争议~([3])。本研究选取北京市第一中西医结合医院80例不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者进行对照研究,分别用PFNA与PFLP进行治疗。     

PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的：探讨股骨近端髓内钉（ PFNA）在股骨粗隆间骨折中的临床疗效。方法应用PFNA内固定治疗36例股骨粗隆间骨折。结果经过6～18个月的随访按疗效标准评定：优27例,良8例,差1例,优良率97.2％。结论 PFNA内固定系统在治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有创伤小、操作简便、内固定可靠等优点,尤其在严重骨质疏松及不稳定骨折患者中的应用优势明显。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.