晚期拇长屈肌腱损伤的修复

近年来处理晚期拇长屈肌屈腱损伤４８例，随访４０例，其中ＩＩ区、ＩＩＩ区、ＩＶ区分别为１８例、１１例、１１例，指间关节主动活动度分别为平均３８°、３６°、３１°。采用肌腱断端直接缝合８例，肌腱移植７例，指浅层肌腱转移２５例，其指间关节主动活动度分别为平均３６°、２７°、４３°。对晚期拇长屈肌腱损伤修复方法的选择．应根据不同损伤部位选用合适的手术方法。指浅层肌腱转移代拇长屈肌是重建ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ区晚期损伤屈拇功能的有效方法。     

屈指浅肌腱移位修复拇长屈肌腱损伤

目的：介绍一种修复拇指屈曲功能的手术方法。方法：利用屈指浅肌腱移位治疗屈拇长肌腱损伤。结果：经美国手外科学会T－A－M法评定,术后1．5年随访,优良率90％。结论：屈指浅肌腱移位治疗屈拇长肌腱Ⅱ、Ⅲ区陈旧损伤和肌腱损伤缺损患应首选。     

环指浅屈肌腱转移修复拇长屈肌腱缺损伤

拇指在手的功能中占有非常重要的位置，而拇长屈肌腱是拇指的主要肌腱之一，一旦缺损将对拇指及手的功能产生极大的影响。我科从2003年至今用环指浅屈肌腱转移修复拇长屈肌腱缺损15例取得较好的效果。     

拇长屈肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

对于各种原因造成的陈旧性跟腱断裂只有采取手术治疗，其手术方法报道较多，但对拇长屈肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂的手术方法，国内报道甚少。2001年11月至2005年5月，我科采用拇长屈肌腱移位修复陈旧性跟腱断裂8例，获得较好的治疗效果，现报告如下。     

保留腱鞘修复Ⅱ区拇长屈肌腱损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨急诊保留腱鞘修复Ⅱ区拇长屈肌腱损伤的临床疗效。方法 2016年9月-2020年6月,对35例Ⅱ区拇长屈肌腱损伤患者采用改良Kessler法修复同时完整地保留屈肌腱鞘,所有患者均行急诊手术修复,观察术后临床效果以及并发症。结果 术后患者伤口愈合良好,无肌腱断裂发生,肌腱粘连1例。术后对35例进行3～9个月随访,平均5.5个月。根据屈肌腱修复术后Kleinert评定标准,治疗的优良率为91.4%。结论 保留腱鞘急诊修复Ⅱ区拇长屈肌腱损伤的手术方法安全有效,能有效地恢复拇指屈曲功能。     

掌长肌腱移植修复陈旧性拇长伸肌腱断裂30例

目的 探讨采用掌长肌腱移植修复拇长伸肌腱陈旧性断裂的临床疗效。方法 2016年1月-2020年12月,采用掌长肌腱移植修复拇长伸肌腱陈旧性断裂30例。结果 术后所有病例均获随访,随访时间8~24个月,平均18个月。随访内容为患侧拇指关节总活动度(TAM),患者对拇指修复后外观功能的满意度。按中华医学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:优20例,良5例,可5例。结论 掌长肌腱移植是修复拇长伸肌腱陈旧性断裂的良好选择,值得临床推广。     

拇长屈肌腱转移修复陈旧性跟腱断裂

2007年9月～2010年9月,我科采用拇长屈肌腱转移修复陈旧性跟腱断裂10例,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组10例,男7例,女3例,年龄20～53岁。左侧4例,右侧6例。跟腱断裂部位:止点部断裂3例,腱     

食指固有伸肌腱移位修复拇长伸肌腱损伤

拇长伸肌腱损伤临床上比较常见,陈旧性损伤及自发断裂不能直接缝合,我院自2000年7月～2005年8月用食指固有伸肌腱移位修复拇长伸肌腱断裂9例,获得了良好的临床效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组共9例,男8例,女1例,年龄16～52岁,左手5例,右手4例,切割伤2例,自发断裂5     

拇长屈肌腱Ⅳ区断裂的手术治疗

自1996年以来,我们采用I区内肌腱延长的方法治疗陈旧性拇长屈肌腱IV区内断裂9例,效果较好。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组9例,男7例,女2例;年龄16～53岁,平均36岁;左侧2例,右侧7例;损伤原因均为外伤所致,当时仅行伤口缝合或包扎,未探查修补肌腱;伤后距此次手术时间57～     

应用(足母)长屈肌腱加用跖肌腱加固重建陈旧性跟腱断裂

1999年6月-2004年3月采用（足母）长屈肌腱（FHL）加用跖肌腱加固治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂13例,现报告如下。     

应用(足母) 长屈肌腱加用跖肌腱加固重建陈旧性跟腱断裂

1999年6月-2004年3月采用长屈肌腱(FHL)加用跖肌腱加固治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂13例,现报告如下。1临床资料本组13例,男10例,女3例;年龄23~57岁,平均37·4岁;左侧8例,右侧5例;病程28~147d,平均78d。致伤原因:运动伤11例,切割伤2例。4例经手术修复后再断裂。伤后未处理1例。临床表现:13例均主诉踝跖屈提踵无力,其中8例足跟痛,跛行。体检:跟腱断裂处凹陷,Thompsom试验9例阳性,3例可疑,1例阴性。对可疑者行MRI检查。2手术方法手术采用硬膜外麻醉,俯卧,在气压止血带下进行。沿跟腱内侧S形切口,显露跟腱断端及跖肌腱。术中见残端均为瘢痕组织,充…     

(足母)长屈肌腱移位替代跟腱治疗跟腱缺损的疗效分析

目的 探讨(足母)长屈肌腱移位替代跟腱治疗6 cm以上跟腱缺损的疗效.方法 2005年1月至2009年2月采用(足母)长屈肌腱移位替代跟腱治疗19例跟腱缺损患者,男13例,女6例;年龄20～61岁,平均(42.6±8.2)岁;跟腱炎清创后跟腱缺损15例,其中10例合并急性跟腱断裂;陈旧性跟腱断裂4例.跟腱断裂至手术时间为0～6个月(平均2.6个月).跟腱缺损长度为6～10 cm.19例患者均采用两切口(足母)长屈肌腱移位替代跟腱术治疗.记录患者术后3个月、1年及末次随访时的踝关节活动度、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分与视觉模拟法(VAS)疼痛评分,并进行统计学比较.评价患者术后足踝部功能的恢复情况及患者的满意度. 结果 19例患者术后获12～48个月(平均22.2个月)随访.患者末次随访时踝关节背伸、跖屈及AOFAS踝与后足评分平均分别为17.8°±1.9°、39.1°±2.3°及(91.8±1.7)分,与术后3个月比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与术后1年比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后3个月与术后1年比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);VAS疼痛评分平均为(1.0±0.7)分,与术后3个月和术后1年比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后3个月与术后1年比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后患者对手术满意率达100%. 结论 (口止母)长屈肌腱移位替代跟腱术是一种有效的手术方式,适用于跟腱较长缺损时的重建治疗.手术可以明显解除疼痛,改善足部功能,且对足部影响较小.     

Hypertrophy of the flexor hallucis longus muscle after tendon transfer in patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture

BackgroundFlexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer has become a popular method for reconstructing a chronic Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and possible hypertrophy of the FHL muscle after FHLT transfer in patients with chronic ATR.MethodsSeven patients with chronic ATR underwent an FHLT transfer to heel through single incision. The patients were clinically evaluated 27 (16–39) months after the surgery. The patient satisfaction was assessed with Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Scale (ATRS). Isokinetic strength was measured from both legs. The FHL muscle hypertrophy was evaluated from MRI of both legs. All subjects also performed a gait analysis with an instrumented walkway system (GAITRite^®).ResultsThe plantar flexion strength was 16.1% (-45, 7-2, 4%) weaker in the operated leg. ATRS scores averaged 70.3. Marked hypertrophy, +52% (9–104%) of the FHL muscle was seen in the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg. The gait analysis did not show any marked pathology in any of the patients.ConclusionsA mean hypertrophy of 52% of the FHL muscle was found after FHLT transfer for the chronic ATR. This indicates strong adaptation capacity of this muscle after FLHT transfer in situation where the function of the gastro-soleus complex was severely impaired preoperatively. The reconstruction of chronic ATR with FHLT transfer provided a good functional outcome and excellent patient satisfaction.     

微创切取长屈肌腱重建慢性跟腱断裂

目的探讨微创切取长屈肌腱转移重建慢性跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法 2006年7月-2009年12月,收治22例22足慢性跟腱断裂患者。男16例,女6例;年龄28～65岁,中位年龄48岁。21例有患足用力蹬地史,1例无明显诱因。患者出现症状至手术时间为27～1 025 d,中位时间51 d。均有走路无力症状,Thompson试验呈阳性。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足疗效评价标准评分为(53.04±6.75)分。MRI示跟腱缺损长度为4.2～8.0 cm。术中作中足足底内侧切口和趾间关节跖侧平行横纹的小切口分步切取长屈肌腱,切取长度为超过跟骨结节10.5～13.5 cm,作3束反折编织缝合。界面螺钉或锚钉于跟骨后结节固定肌腱。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无早期并发症发生。22例均获随访,随访时间12～42个月,平均16.7个月。术后12个月根据AOFAS踝与后足疗效评价标准评分为(92.98±5.72)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=—40.903,P=0.000);获优18例,良2例,可2例,优良率90.9%。随访期间均未见胫、腓肠神经损伤、跖底部痛性瘢痕、足底内外侧神经损伤。结论微创切取长屈肌腱转移重建慢性跟腱断裂具有切口小、术后恢复快、肌腱固定强度高以及并发症少的优点。     

Limited plantar incision for flexor digitorum longus tendon harvest in surgical treatment of tibialis posterior tendon insufficiency

BackgroundSurgical correction of stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (TPTD) commonly utilises the Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) tendon to augment the tibialis posterior tendon. The aim of this study is to present our experience and clinical outcomes harvesting the FDL via a limited plantar incision technique.Methods25 flat foot operations for stage II TPTD were performed harvesting the FDL via a limited plantar incision centred half-way between the base of the heel to the base of the 2nd toe and two-thirds from the lateral border of the foot.ResultsThe FDL was isolated with no inter-tendonous connections requiring surgical division. There were no recorded cases of plantar nerve injury nor any technique-related complications observed.ConclusionsThe plantar harvest technique for FDL is safe, provides a long tendon graft for transfer and limits the need for an extensive medial midfoot dissection.     

埋结缝合法治疗II区指屈肌腱断裂

目的：探讨应用埋结缝合法治疗指屈肌腱断裂的方法和疗效。方法2010年10月-2012年10月,对36例48条II区指屈肌腱断裂实施改良微创手术即埋结缝合法进行治疗,随访病例以TAM 法进行疗效评价。结果本组无感染及肌腱再断裂病例发生。28例（39条肌腱）得到随访,时间5~22个月。依照TAM 评价标准评定,优26条,良10条,可3条,优良率92.3%。结论埋结缝合法在防止肌腱断裂术后粘连、恢复手指功能方面具有一定的积极作用。     

Closed subcutaneous rupture of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Case report and review of the literature

A case of complete closed rupture of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon at the level of the first metatarsal head in a young athlete is discussed. In the absence of systemic diseases as predisposing factors, this injury is a rare event. Available literature reports eight cases, only one of which showed the same lesion pattern as in the case we describe. As termino-terminal tendon suture was impossible, a suture of the FHL distal caput on the flexor hallucis brevis tendon was performed. This avoided hyperextension of the distal phalanx and achieved the overall plantar flexion of the big toe. Received: 4 October 2000; Accepted: 8 November 2000     

Scaphoid nonunion and flexor pollicis longus tendon rupture

Four patients presented with a rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon that was associated with a longstanding scaphoid nonunion. A radiocarpal arthrosis was present in 3 of the 4 patients and a dorsiflexed intercalated segment instability deformity was also seen in 3 of the 4 patients. Three patients underwent surgery consisting of an osteosynthesis with an iliac bone graft for the scaphoid nonunion and a palmaris longus tendon graft for the ruptured flexor pollicis longus tendon. An osseous union of the scaphoid and a functional active range of motion of the thumb interphalangeal joint (33 degrees on average) was attained in all 3 of the patients treated surgically. Preoperative radiologic examinations and intraoperative findings suggest that the volarly protruding distal scaphoid segment is the cause of the rupture.     

Outcomes of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer in the treatment of Achilles tendon disorders

BackgroundIn patients with chronic Achilles tendon disorders, Achilles tendon debridement can be supplemented with a tendon transfer, with the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) transfer representing the most common used technique. Our study describes clinical and functional results of patients treated with flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer in the treatment of patients with chronic Achilles tendon disorders.MethodsRetrospective study of prospectively collected data of thirteen patients (15 feet) that underwent FDL tendon transfer as part of the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Preoperative and postoperative assessment included visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, SF-36 survey and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS). The average follow-up was 26.4 (range, 14–56) months. Patients were also assessed for ability to perform single leg heel rise test, muscle power for plantar flexion of the lesser toes, surgical scar condition and associated complications.ResultsAt final follow-up, we found significant postoperative improvement in VAS score (6.6 ± 2.99 vs 1.06 ± 1.43; p < .0001), SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) (28.20 ± 10.71 vs 45.04 ± 11.19; p < .0001) and LEFS (36.13 ± 20.49 vs 58.73 ± 18.19; p < .0001). Twelve patients (92%) could perform a single leg heel rise test in the operated extremity, although there was significant difference when comparing operated and uninvolved sides (4.86 ± 3.36 cm vs 7.18 ± 3.40 cm; p = .0002). One patient reported weakness for plantar flexion of the lesser toes, without balance or gait disturbances. Two patients (2 feet, 13.3%) had superficial infections and one patient (one foot, 6.6%) needed operative debridement for a deep infection.ConclusionsFDL tendon transfer represent an operative alternative in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders. Our study showed good clinical outcomes with low complications and donor site morbidity.Level of evidenceObservational study, case series – level IV.