Safety behavior among Iowa junior high and high school students.

The goal of this study was to determine demographic factors associated with reported safety behavior by studying 2250 Iowa junior high and high school students via a self-administered questionnaire. Students attending rural schools used front seat belts and helmets less frequently than urban students. Seat belt and helmet use and swim safety decreased dramatically with age. Occurrences of driving or riding while drunk or high increased with age. Boys were less likely than girls to wear back seat belts and moped helmets and to check water depth before diving. Possession of a driver's license was not independently associated with any of the safety behaviors.     

无锡市初中学生口腔健康行为分析

了解无锡市初中生的口腔健康行为,为口腔预防保健工作的开展和相关口腔卫生政策的制定提供依据.方法 采取分层等比整群抽样的方法抽取无锡市13所中学初二年级的1 651名学生,对其进行口腔健康行为的问卷调查.结果 87%的学生在3个月内会更换牙刷,92.6%的学生每天刷牙≥2次,刷牙时间≥3 min的占15.2%,35.4%的学生采用竖刷法,使用含氟牙膏的比例为58.0%,5.8%的学生使用过牙线.频率、刷牙时间、刷牙方式、更换牙刷时间和使用含氟牙膏方面,不同地区、性别间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);使用牙线方面城区好于郊区;吃糖果频率和饮用碳酸饮料方面城郊和男女比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 无锡地区城郊和不同性别学生的口腔基本保健知识水平差异较大.口腔健康教育工作需要进一步加强,并在相关口腔卫生政策的制定上适度偏向郊区.     

童年期虐待经历与初中生孤独感的关系

目的 研究童年期虐待经历与初中生孤独感发生的关系. 方法 采用回顾性调查方法,使用自编青少年健康相关行为问卷,对安徽省、霍邱县3所中学共1 417人进行整群抽样调查. 结果 随着年级的升高,孤独感高分组的检出率呈现上升趋势,非独生子女孤独感高分组所占比例较高,随着与母亲关系的融洽,青少年孤独感高分组所占比例呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).童年期遭受过反复中度躯体虐待、情感虐待、非接触性性虐待的初中生其孤独感的高分组的检出率均高于没有遭受过虐待的初中生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).多元logistic回归分析表明,童年期反复情感虐待是初中生孤独感中等分组的危险因素;童年期反复中度躯体虐待、反复接触性性虐及反复非接触性性虐均是初中生孤独感高分组发生的危险因素(P＜0.05). 结论 童年期反复虐待与初中生孤独感的发生密切相关.     

安徽省中学生情绪管理与攻击行为相关性分析

探讨中学生情绪管理与攻击行为的关系,为攻击行为的干预提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样法,对安徽省宣城、淮北、蚌埠市12所学校的5 892名中学生进行问卷调查,分析中学生情绪管理得分与攻击行为得分的相关性.结果 男生攻击行为得分高于女生,高中生攻击行为得分高于初中生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).高情绪管理能力组中学生攻击行为得分低于低情绪管理能力组(P<0.01).在控制性别、学段、父母文化程度等变量后,线性回归分析显示情绪管理能力对攻击行为具有负向预测力(β=-0.368,P<0.01).结论 中学生情绪管理和攻击行为的相关有统计学意义.应提升有攻击行为青少年的情绪管理能力.     

广东省中学生吸烟知识态度行为现状

目的了解广东省中学生对吸烟的认知、态度和行为现状,为开展学校控烟工作提供依据。方法随机抽取广东省4个地区,每个地区抽取2所初中学校、2所高中学校共4 176名中学生进行问卷调查,并进行描述性分析。结果中学生尝试吸烟、目前吸烟的报告率分别为20.4%,3.1%,男生明显高于女生;尝试吸烟的年龄以12～14岁最高,好奇是主要原因;目前吸烟的香烟来源主要为自己购买。97.0%的学生认为吸烟有害健康,90.8%的学生支持学校禁烟,54.1%的学生支持公共场所禁烟,反对教师和家人吸烟的报告率分别为74.0%,65.5%,只有39.6%的学生会拒绝朋友劝吸烟。周围人群吸烟、学校周边售烟点、烟草广告、控烟宣传等对学生吸烟均有影响作用。结论广东省中学生尝试吸烟率较高。应从多方面采取措施控制吸烟环境因素的影响,控烟工作重点在小学高年级和初中阶段。     

Smoking among junior high school students in Nagoya, Japan

A questionnaire survey was administered in January 1982 to 3090 junior high school boys and girls in Nagoya, Japan. The proportion of current regular smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per week was 3.6% for boys and 0.5% for girls. By the third grade this had increased to 6.9% and 1.2% respectively for each sex. Multivariate analysis of associated social psychological factors revealed that peer smoking was most strongly related to individual smoking status. Parental smoking, sibling smoking, educational aspiration, and attitudes toward anti-smoking legislation for minors were also significantly related to smoking status. The fostering of resistance to social pressure to smoke, family involvement, strict execution of the law, and increased experiences of success in academic, social and physical activities should be considered in smoking prevention programmes for this age group.     

云南省中小学生青春期性教育需求调查

目的 了解当前中小学学生性健康认知和性教育需求现状,为全面性教育的开展提供依据.方法 于2021年5月采用自填式问卷开展匿名调查.通过分层随机整群抽样获得3 241例中小学生性健康认知和性教育需求调查数据.采用x2检验和多因素logistic回归进行统计分析.结果 小学生的性健康知识及格率和优良率为50.0％和19.2...     

Lifestyles and psychosomatic symptoms among elementary school students and junior high school students

Objectives  To examine the relationship between lifestyles and psychosomatic symptoms in children, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey of elementary school students and junior high school students in Japan. Methods  We designed an original questionnaire to investigate the lifestyles and psychosomatic symptoms of children. In 1997, responses to the questionnaires were elicited from public elementary school fourth grade students (then aged 9–10) and public junior high school seventh grade students (then aged 12–13). The survey was repeated annually for three years as the students advanced through school. Results  For both boys and girls, each cross-sectional analysis revealed a strong relationship between lifestyle behaviors and psychosomatic symptoms. Psychosomatic, symptoms scores varied according to daily hours of sleep, eating of breakfast, having strong likes and dislikes of food, bowel habits, and daily hours of television watching. Both boys and girls with “good” lifestyle, behaviors evaluated by the HPI (Health Practice Index) showed lower scores for psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusions  These findings show that the lifestyle behaviors of children are significantly associated with psychosomatic symptoms and suggest that poor lifestyle behaviors are likely to increase physical and psychological health risks.     

重庆市初中生艾滋病相关知识态度和行为研究

目的了解初中生艾滋病相关知识态度和行为情况及行为的影响因素,为有效制定健康教育策略提供依据。方法整群随机抽取重庆市主城、区县初中生共1059例,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果学生对传播途径平均知晓率(56.5%)高于基础知识(36.3%)和非传播途径(31.5%)知晓率;年级(OR=2.350)、地区(OR=2.889)、学校学习(OR=0.740)、家庭正常否(OR=1.382)及接触互联网络(OR=1.399)是艾滋病相关行为的影响因素。结论学校防艾教育是薄弱环节,而加强学生健康教育将有效促进掌握防艾知识并改善相关行为。     

Knowledge and attitudes toward STD among secondary-level students in Montreal

In 1985, 981 students attending five Montreal high schools replied to a questionnaire designed to measure their knowledge and attitudes towards STD. Results obtained by this research identify the themes that have already been mastered by the students and those that should be targeted by any future preventive or educational program. Analysis of variations in attitudes and knowledge among subgroups of students are presented.     

泸州市2014年初中生伤害发生状况分析

了解泸州市初中学生伤害发生状况,为制订预防措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对泸州市22所中学七~九年级16 465名在校学生2014年伤害发生情况进行问卷调查.结果 16 465名初中生伤害总发生率为13.24%(2 180名),轻、中、重度伤害分别占92.02%,5.50%,2.48%.城市学生伤害发生率为12.20%,农村学生为13.67%;男生为14.69%,女生为11.67%,差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为6.379,32.531,P值均<0.01).2 180人发生各类伤害2 728人次,涉及伤害13种,以跌倒/坠落(39.22%)、割/刺伤(21.99%)为主;农村学生扭伤/拉伤、打架、交通事故发生率明显高于城市学生(x2值分别为4.685,8.563,4.294,P值均<0.05).约41.15%的城市学生伤害发生在家庭,农村学生主要发生在学校(37.28%)和家庭(35.91%);轻度伤害主要发生在家庭(38.01%),中、重度伤害主要发生在学校(39.20%).结论 泸州市初中生伤害发生率较高,以轻度伤害为主.应根据不同性别、不同地区、不同伤害类型发生特点,采取针对性的措施,以减少学生伤害的发生.     

Snacking behavior among elementary and junior high school students and its relationship to stress-coping

The aim of the present study was to investigate current problems of snacking behavior and their relationship to stress coping among 1,486 fourth through ninth grade students from 10 elementary schools and six junior high schools. An anonymous self-completed questionnaire was utilized which included items about 1) selection of snack foods, which were classified into healthy, popular, complementary and western-style snacks, 2) problems of snacking behavior, which included external and emotional eating scores, and 3) stress coping scale. The stress coping scale contained two sub-scales; problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. The results were as follows: 1) Students who frequently went without breakfast did not select healthy foods, i.e., fruits and dairy products, but popular snacks, i.e., potato chips, pop corn and sweet beverage. 2) Both external and emotional eating scores increased by age in girls but was not apparent in boys. 3) Students who preferred either western-style or popular snacks showed higher score of external and emotional eating. 4) The score of problem-focused coping was positively correlated with preference for health snacks, but emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with external and emotional eating scores. The close relationship between snack food selection and problematic aspects of eating behavior suggests that modification of eating behavior is necessary to develop healthy snack habits in early adolescents. Also, it is interesting that snacking behavior is closely related to stress coping, which suggested the behavioral intervention for healthy eating habit should be included in development of stress-coping skills against various kinds of demands in life.     

泰国高中生对青少年怀孕、人工流产及医疗服务设施态度的调查

目的:了解高中生对青少年怀孕、人工流产及医疗服务设施的态度,分析个人因素、家庭因素及环境因素对他们所持态度的影响。方法:采用自行设计量表,于2003年初在泰国某中学对270名高中生进行抽样调查。结果:大多数被调查者对青少年怀孕持消极态度(52.6%),对青少年人工流产和医疗服务设施持积极态度(56.7%和56.3%)。每月所得花费、亲戚给予相关教育及同伴给予安全性行为信息影响他们对青少年怀孕的态度;年龄、年级高低、父母职业、父母亲戚或卫生人员给予相关教育、同伴给予安全性行为信息影响他们对青少年人工流产的态度;年级高低、每月所得花费、父母教育程度、父母亲戚或卫生人员给予相关教育影响他们对医疗服务设施的态度。结论:个人家庭以及环境因素均可影响泰国高中生对青少年怀孕、人工流产及医疗服务设施态度。     

Knowledge and attitudes toward AIDS among female college students in Nagasaki, Japan

This study assesses knowledge and attitudes concerning HIV infectionand individuals with AIDS among 383 female students attendingcolleges in Nagasaki, Japan. A structured questionnaire containingquestions concerning knowledge about AIDS, sources of information,beliefs and attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS was administeredduring sessions set up for that purpose. The mean age of participantswas 18.8 ± 0.8 years (± SD). The main source ofinformation for AIDS awareness as reported by the students wasthe mass media. Good knowledge about AIDS was positively associatedwith ease of acceptance of living in the same house with a persondiagnosed with AIDS [odds ratio (OR): 1.90; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.07–3.38]. However, residing at home (OR: 0.64;95% CI: 0.42–0.98) and involvement in nurse educationprogrammes (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37–0.95) showed a negativeassociation. Students demonstrated a high level of knowledgeconcerning AIDS and HIV, but had considerable misconceptionsand prejudices about people having HIV/AIDS. Our results suggestthat a more appropriate education programme in colleges in Japanmay be necessary to reduce the discrepancy between general knowledgeand desirable attitude regarding HIV/AIDS.     

Knowledge about STD/AIDS and sexual behavior among high school students in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

The incidence of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is increasing among adolescents. In order to better understand high-risk sexual behavior among students, a cross-sectional study based on a self-answered anonymous questionnaire was conducted in 10 public and private high schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were obtained on sociodemographics, knowledge of STD/AIDS, and sexual behavior. Among 945 students aged 13-21, 59% were sexually initiated, and the median age at first sexual intercourse was 15 years (range: 7-19). Although 94% reported being aware of the need for condom use for protection, only 34% informed always using condoms during sex. Low family income was associated with unsatisfactory knowledge (OR = 9.40; 95% CI = 6.05-14.60) and inconsistent condom use (OR = 11.60; 95% CI = 5.54-24.30). However, unsatisfactory knowledge was not associated with inconsistent condom use. School-based educational programs should focus on sexual behavior more than on transmission of knowledge, as well as targeting low-income students.     

Knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of sixth-grade students toward family life education.

Although certain exceptions may be noted with respect to sex and type of school, generally lower socioeconomic students obtained lower mean scores on the knowledge and attitude sections of the survey instrument than their counterparts from the higher economic strata. Disadvantaged children from lower socioeconomic levels are reared in an atmosphere hardly conducive to study. Their homes are overcrowded; the children are often hungry, obtain insufficent rest, and possess little interest or motivation for the future--they just live for today. The lower socioeconomic child suffers most when he comes to school. His experiences in living have not prepared him for the demands of the typical school. Shaped by his environment, seeing himself as a person of little worth, he is called upon to conform and communicate. His value system that was bred in deprivation shows sharp contrast to the established "middle class" value system held by the school. Furthermore, disadvantaged children enter school with habits and attitudes that may conflict with many of the traditional modes of teaching. They have had few opportunities to learn the relationship between effort and achievement or to observe that learning has its own reward. Educators have a responsibility to provide the best type of family life education program to meet the needs of all youth. Innovative and challenging ways must be found to make family life education programs relevant to all socioeconomic strata. It would appear essential that educators should possess a thorough knowledge of the economic, social, and cultural conditions that exist in the area in which the educational process is to be conducted.     

吴江市部分高中生性知识现状调查

目的 了解本市高中生对性知识的掌握程度及其性态度、性行为和性教育现状,探索开展青少年性教育的有效方式和途径. 方法 对吴江市2所重点中学和1所职业中学1 980例高中学生进行问卷调查. 结果 女生初潮年龄最早在9岁,12岁以前占69.17%(837/1 210);男生首次遗精年龄最早在11岁,12岁前占28.96%(223/770);男女生对早恋持赞成态度的分别为56.23%(433/770)和43.64(528/1 210),谈过恋爱的分别为48.83%(376/770)和26.53%(321/1 210),对婚前性行为持赞成态度的分别为41.82%(322/770)和8.10(98/1 210),出现性困惑或性冲动向父母请教的分别为6.10%(47/770)和33.97(411/1 210),家长对性健康教育避而不谈的分别为70.00%(539/770)和54.05%(654/1 210);学校有开展性健康教育情况少于30%;男生的性知识的主要来源于同学、课外书和老师,女生主要来源于同学、老师和家长. 结论 高中生性知识掌握程度不高,中学生在校性教育匮乏,其获取性知识的主要途径存在不足,其性态度、性观念、性行为产生一定程度的认知偏差.应探索有效的性知识的健康教育方式,并通过多种途径加强中学生性知识健康教育工作,帮助青少年学生掌握必要的性知识和处理相关问题的能力,促进青少年健康成长.     

某高校大三医学生营养状况、态度及饮食行为调查

目的 了解湖北医药学院大三医学生的营养状况、态度及饮食行为,为开展营养健康教育提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法对该学院大三学生进行问卷调查,问卷内容涉及医学生的营养状况、态度及饮食行为,用SPSS统计学软件包对数据统计分析.结果 共发放问卷500份,回收有效问卷489份,其中男生195名,女生294名.489名学生中营养不良者152例(31.08％),营养正常者322例(65.85％),营养过剩者15例(3.07％);女生营养不良发生率(35.37％)高于男生(24.62％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);营养正常的男女比例差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);营养过剩发生率男生高于女生(P＜0.05);大多数学生具有良好的营养态度,191名(64.97％)女生认为现在膳食不合理,高于男生(55.38％)且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但87.07％的女生表示不愿意改变不合理的饮食习惯,而高达96.41％的男生表示愿意改变,两者比较,P ＜0.05.在饮食行为中,489名学生中不吃早餐的有137名,占28.02％;在不吃早餐的学生中114名(83.21％)出现营养不良;吃早餐的352名学生中有38名(10.80％)出现营养不良;不吃早餐的学生营养不良发生率明显高于吃早餐的学生(P＜0.05).结论 该院大三医学生营养态度较积极,但部分大学生营养状况及饮食行为不佳,学校仍需对学生加强营养健康教育.     

Study on solvent abuse among junior high school students in Saitama, Japan

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to estimate the prevalence of past solvent abuse among junior high school students in Saitama prefecture and to investigate smoking and drinking as "gateway drugs" for solvent abuse. METHODS: The survey was conducted from Dec 2002 to Jan 2003, in 3 junior high schools in Saitama, using anonymous self-reporting to preserve privacy. A total of 2,049 (93.2%) students responded to our questionnaire. Two groups were categorized and analyzed according to history of solvent abuse in the past. To investigate "gateway effects" of smoking and drinking, we analyzed their relationship with solvent abuse, order of precedence of usage and confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of history of solvent abuse was 1.1% of the total. There were notable differences depending on sex and grade. 1.9% of male students had some experience as compared to only 0.3% of female students. An increase was evident according to grade (grade 1-0.6%, grade 2-0.8%, grade 3-2.1%) and there was a strong association between smoking, drinking and solvent abuse. The order of precedence of solvent abuse could not be established because some users had first experienced smoking, drinking and solvent abuse in the same grade and there was also a high recall bias among the subjects. A number of respondents also reported the reverse order, of experiencing solvent abuse before smoking and drinking. The user group was habitual smokers were recommended to smoke by their parents, spent longer periods in solitude, witnessed solvent abuse and had a friend who abused solvents. After adjusting for confounding factors using multiple logistic regression analysis, a relationship between smoking and solvent abuse remained but not the relationship with drinking. CONCLUSION: The study conformed that there is solvent abuse among junior high school students, even in the lowest grade. Health education must focus on this fact and the finding that the user group reflects peer pressure and is faced with poor communication and advice from their families. Therefore health education focused on life skills and social support considering family ties must be emphasized. It could not be established which was first experienced, but a strong relationship between smoking and solvent abuse was observed even after multivariable analysis. On the other hand, the results suggested that habitual drinking is not a "gateway drug" to solvent abuse.     

初中生全面性教育综合水平与家庭和学校性教育的关联

  目的   了解中国家庭性教育和学校性教育的实施现况,为开展更为有效的家庭性教育和学校性教育提供科学依据。  方法   2021年9—12月,使用方便抽样法,在北京、辽宁、四川、重庆、云南、河南六地使用电子问卷对初一至初三年级4 109名学生展开横断面调查。问卷包含一般人口学信息、在家庭与学校接受性教育情况、全面性教育知信行现况等。  结果   没有接受过任何形式性教育的初中生共760名(18.50%),仅接受过学校性教育的初中生923名(22.46%),仅接受过家庭性教育的299名(7.28%),同时接受家庭和学校性教育的2 127名(51.76%)。初中生全面性教育知识得分为(12.43±2.89)分,态度得分为(47.86±5.31)分,行为得分为(40.44±5.18)分,综合水平得分为(82.02±9.01)分。同时接受家庭和学校性教育的初中生,其全面性教育知信行以及综合水平均最高;仅接受过学校性教育的初中生,其全面性教育知识水平高于仅接受过家庭性教育的初中生;仅接受过家庭性教育的初中生,其全面性教育行为水平高于仅接受过学校性教育的初中生(P值均 < 0.01)。  结论   家庭性教育与学校性教育可有效提升初中生全面性教育综合水平。应进一步实施基于学校的性教育,并鼓励家庭开展性教育。