南京市雨花台区病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

目的分析南京市雨花台区2001—2010年病毒性肝炎流行特征,为制定和完善防制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2001—2010年累计报告病毒性肝炎716例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率为29.27/10万,发病率自2002年开始小幅上升,2005年后开始逐年下降。结论雨花台区2001—2010年病毒性肝炎发病总体呈下降趋势,继续巩固病毒性肝炎的"压春峰"工作,采取以接种甲、乙型肝炎疫苗为主导的病毒性肝炎综合防治措施,是病毒性肝炎防制工作的关键。     

上海市卢湾区1956-2010年病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

目的分析上海市卢湾区1956—2010年病毒性肝炎流行特征。方法对1956—2010年病毒性肝炎发病资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 1956—2010年上海市卢湾区病毒性肝炎发病率下降显著。病毒性肝炎发病有冬、春季高峰,但1991年后已不显著。病毒性肝炎的好发年龄已从15岁以下儿童转变为50岁以下成年人。目前各型别肝炎中,以乙型肝炎最多。结论上海市卢湾区55年来的病毒性肝炎防治工作取得的显著成效,肝炎发病率大幅降低,但今后病毒性肝炎防治工作仍是传染病防治工作的重点内容。     

宾川县1991～2000年病毒性肝炎流行动态分析

目的进一步掌握病毒性肝炎发病规律和流行特征,为预防工作提供科学依据.方法采用流行病学回顾性调查分析方法,对宾川县1991～2000年1 100名病毒性肝炎报告病例进行统计分析.结果病毒性肝炎发病率男性高于女性(P＜0.001),职业以农民为主,年龄以10～35岁发病最多,病种以甲型肝炎为主,发病高峰为6～11月.结论对该县病毒性肝炎采取综合性防治措施,在重点人群中进一步推广甲、乙肝疫苗的预防接种工作.     

台州市1990～2000年病毒性肝炎控制效果分析

目的 为了解病毒性肝炎发病流行规律，制定有针对性的防治措施。方法 采用描述流行病学方法，对肝炎分型三间分布、疫苗效果等进行比较分析。结果 病毒性肝炎年均发病率为106．2／10万，1998年起位居法定传染病的首位。甲肝疫苗应用，使0—9岁组发病率从170．8／10万下降到1．6／10万，削平了儿童发病高峰。乙肝疫苗接种后，相应年龄组的发病率从43．7／10万下降到6．3／10万；HBsAg携带率下降到2％。结论 疫苗接种是防制病毒性肝炎的主要措施，乙肝成人免疫和加强免疫是控制乙肝急需解决的重要问题。     

1998-2002年哈尔滨市慢性非传染性疾病流行病学分析

目的 分析1998—2002年哈尔滨市慢性病的流行状况和特点，为制定慢性病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 利用哈尔滨市1998—2002年慢性病报告的资料，采用描述流行病学分析方法。描述并分析哈尔滨市慢性病流行变化的趋势。结果 1998—2002年哈尔滨市慢性病年报告发病率呈逐年上升的趋势，年均报告发病率为434．31／10万,2002年显著高于1998年。市区男性年均报告发病率为1008．73／10万，女性年均报告发病率为737．48／10万，慢性病发病率随年龄的增长而增加。结论 预防和控制男性及老年人慢性病发病是今后卫生工作的重点。     

宜兴市2005-2012年病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

目的了解宜兴市2005-2012年病毒性肝炎的流行病学特征,为制定病毒性肝炎的防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法描述病毒性肝炎疫情的流行特征。结果 2005-2012年宜兴市病毒性肝炎呈现下降趋势,年平均发病率为41.32/10万,存在季节聚集性;以乙肝最多,占61.38%;甲肝、未分型肝炎发病率呈逐年下降趋势;丙肝呈上升趋势,戊肝散发;发病年龄集中在20~59岁年龄组,男女性别比为2.28∶1;农民与工人发病最多。结论宜兴市病毒性肝炎防治应以控制血源性传播肝炎为主,重点加强对乙肝的预防控制,加大重点人群的宣教及疫苗接种工作。     

武汉铁路地区病毒性肝炎疫情分析

病毒性肝炎是由肝炎病毒引起的一种常见传染病。由于病毒性肝炎的传染性强、流行面广、发病率高从而严重危害人类的身体健康。为了解武铁地区病毒性肝炎流行情况 ,对1998年的疫情资料进行了分析 ,报告如下。1　疫情资料根据武汉铁路地区 4个医疗区传染病报告卡统计 ,1998年度武汉铁路地区发生病毒性肝炎 2 0 2例 ,其中职工发病15 4例 ,发病率为 193.69/ 10万、离退休发病 2 4例 ,发病率为12 6.89/ 10万、家属发病 2 4例 ,发病率为 31.0 7/ 10万。该年度病毒性肝炎死亡报告 5例 (均为乙型病毒性肝炎 ) ,其中职工 2例。2　流行病学分析2 .1　…     

泽州县1999～2003年病毒性肝炎流行状况分析

目的进一步掌握病毒性肝炎的发病规律和流行特征.方法对泽州县5年来病毒性肝炎发病资料进行流行病学分析.结果 1999～2003年病毒性肝炎的报告发病率为46.44/10万,2000年因局部地区甲型肝炎爆发流行,发病率达83.46/10万.结论病毒性肝炎发病忽高忽低,该县病毒性肝炎的防制工作任务仍然十分艰巨.     

德阳市1956—1998年病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

本文通过对德阳市1956－1998年病毒性肝炎疫情进行流行病学分析结果显示：病毒性肝炎年平均发病率为58．43／10万，病死率为0．27％；男女发病具有显著性差异；发病率随年代推移呈明显上升趋势，流行具有明显周期性；乙肝发病明显增高且高于其他各型肝炎；农民、青少（壮）年和儿童是我市肝炎防治的重点人群。     

2002—2011年广东省五华县法定报告传染病疫情动态分析

目的探讨五华县法定报告传染病发生、流行与变动趋势,为传染病预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析五华县2002—2011年法定报告传染病流行及发病趋势。结果 2002—2011年五华县共报告法定传染病21种39 271例,年均发病率为311.13/10万,死亡病例128例,年均死亡率为1.01/10万。无甲类传染病报告,报告乙类传染病15种21 666例,年均发病率为171.65/10万;丙类传染病6种17 605例,年均发病率为139.48/10万。呼吸道传染病居乙类传染病发病第1位,血源及性传播传染病居乙类传染病发病第2位。年均发病率居前2位的是肺结核、病毒性肝炎。狂犬病是死亡人数最多的传染病,占死亡总数(128例)的77.34%。人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和手足口病感染率呈逐年上升趋势。结论今后五华县传染病防治重点是加强肺结核、病毒性肝炎、狂犬病和艾滋病、手足口病等预防控制工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.