阴囊基底细胞癌诊治分析

目的 探讨阴囊基底细胞癌的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析7例阴囊基底细胞癌患者的资料.患者平均年龄66(50～74)岁.主要症状为阴囊皮肤出现斑块或结节伴瘙痒,病程1～20年.肿瘤最大径1.5～4.5cm.5例曾误诊为湿疹或皮炎.7例均经活检确诊,均无远处转移.7例均行肿瘤广泛切除术治疗.结果 7例术后病理检查见肿瘤为基底样细胞和间质组成的团块,标本切缘均为阴性.1例术后21个月发生左腹股沟淋巴结转移,行双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.术后随访36个月无瘤生存.1例术后48个月出现双肺转移,予环磷酰胺+表阿霉素+顺铂联合方案化疗6个疗程,获得完全缓解.化疗结束后13个月无瘤生存.其余5例术后未行辅助放、化疗,随访14～72个月均无瘤生存.结论阴囊基底细胞癌临床罕见.手术广泛切除肿瘤有可能获得治愈.部分患者在术后数年会发生转移,术后需要长期随访.     

膀胱小细胞癌(附五例报告)

目的 探讨膀胱小细胞癌的诊治疗效。方法 对5例膀胱小细胞癌的病理及临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5例患者,男4例,女1例,平均年龄67岁。分期T2N0M01例,T3N0M02例,T4N0M01例,T4N3M01例。根治性膀胱切除1例,根治性膀胱切除加放疖例,动脉导管化疗1例,动脉导管化疗、术前疗加姑息膀胱切除1例。3例死于肿瘤复发,平均生存时间17个月,2例存活7年。结论 膀胱小细胞癌预后差,手术加联合化疗可提高治愈率。     

肾梭形细胞癌的诊断和治疗(附8例报告)

目的提高肾梭形细胞癌的诊治水平和对此类型肾癌的认识。方法回顾性分析8例肾梭形细胞癌的临床资料,结合文献复习进行讨论。结果8例均行根治性肾切除术,术后病理证实为肾梭形细胞癌;随访6-17个月,7例死于术后肿瘤复发或转移,1例随访9月出现肺转移。结论肾梭形细胞癌是一种高度恶性少见的肾细胞癌,确诊有赖于影像学检查及典型病理表现,治疗以手术为主,预后不良。     

Surgical treatment of metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of surgical excision of metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Eighteen patients with metastatic RCC underwent resection of metastases between 1988 and 1994 (pulmonary: n = 6; skeletal: n = 6; cerebral: n = 3; local relapse: n = 3). Two patients suffered from synchronous appearance of metastases, whereas in 16 cases a metachronous occurrence was observed. In 12 out of a total of 18 patients metastases were completely resected. These patients survived longer than patients in whom metastases were incompletely resected (30 vs. 12 months). Six out of these 12 patients with a complete resection of metastases are presently free of disease for a mean duration of 24 months (10–34 months). The resection of lung metastases seems to be associated with longer survival times. In conclusion, surgical resection of metastases – solitary or single organ site – especially in the lung appears to be justified in patients with RCC. The surgical excision of skeletal metastases at least improves quality of life.      

膀胱小细胞癌诊治体会(附六例报告)

目的　提高对膀胱小细胞癌的认识。　方法　回顾性分析 6例膀胱小细胞癌患者的病理及临床资料。男 4例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 5 1岁。其中 2例膀胱小细胞癌含有移行细胞癌和 (或 )腺癌成分。行膀胱部分切除术 2例 ,行膀胱全切术 4例。 5例患者接受 2～ 6疗程化疗。　结果　 6例患者随访 12～ 6 0个月 ,均因肿瘤复发死亡。平均生存时间 2 8个月。　结论　膀胱小细胞癌占原发膀胱恶性肿瘤的 0 .4 4 % ,恶性程度高 ,易发生淋巴结、肝、骨等转移 ,预后差 ,根治性膀胱全切加联合化疗可获得较好疗效。     

胃小细胞癌41例临床病理特征与预后相关性分析

目的 探讨胃小细胞癌(SCC)的临床病理特征和影响其预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2012年1月间41例胃SCC患者的临床病理及随访资料.男性35例,女性6例;确诊年龄39 ～ 84岁,中位年龄62岁;胃上部病变31例(75.6％),胃中部3例(7.3％),胃下部7例(17.1％).结果 41例胃SCC患者出现不适症状至最终确诊的时间间隔1～13个月,中位时间为3个月;肿瘤最大径2.5～15.0 cm,平均6.5 cm;38例(92.7％)以手术为初始治疗方案,其中25例(61.0％)行根治性肿瘤切除术,13例(31.7％)行姑息性手术,3例(7.3％)仅行化疗.初始的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者分别为2、31和8例.所有患者的中位生存期为19个月,中位无病生存期11个月,1、2、5年生存率分别为70.7％、46.3％和36.6％.患者的总体生存期与肿瘤最大径(x2=5.565)、体重变化(x2=3.688)、手术的根治程度(x2=11.747)以及是否复发(x2=17.966)有关(P＜0.05).结论 胃SCC是胃恶性肿瘤中的罕见病理类型,临床误诊率较高,其病情进展迅速且预后较差,根治性手术切除肿瘤可以显著提高患者的生存期,以手术为主的综合治疗仍是胃SCC的主要治疗手段.     

肾细胞癌的外科治疗(附148例报告)

目的:探讨肾细胞癌的诊断及手术治疗。方法:对经手术治疗的肾细胞癌148例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:行肾癌根治术144例,姑息性肾切除1例,保肾手术3例。其中透明细胞癌78例,颗粒细胞癌16例,混合型细胞癌51例,乳头状腺癌3例。92例获得随访。1年和3年生存率分别为94.5%和89.1%。结论:影像学检查可获得早期诊断、尽早行肾癌肾切除术是提高肾癌生存率的关键。     

乳腺印戒细胞癌17例临床分析

目的 探讨乳腺印戒细胞癌的临床及病理特征.方法 对17例乳腺印戒细胞癌(signet ring cell carcinoma,SRCC)患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 乳腺SRCC约占同期乳腺癌患者的2％ ～4.5％.10例患者就诊时伴淋巴结转移(58.8％),雌激素受体、孕激素受体阳性率分别为71.4％ (10/14)、64.9％ (9/14).7例患者于随访8个月～11年出现复发或转移,中位随访时间为40.5个月,3例患者入院时已伴远处转移.9例出现复发或转移的患者中,8例患者出现骨转移(88.9％),其中椎体转移6例(66.7％).乳腺SRCC患者治疗方式与同期乳腺癌相同,16例患者行手术治疗,14例患者同时接受化疗.其3年、5年无病生存率分别为53.0％(7/17)、23.0％(5/17).平均随访53个月,死亡率为41.2％ (7/17).结论 乳腺印戒细胞癌侵袭性强,受体阳性率高,且治疗后易出现复发转移,预后差.     

原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌(附二例报告及文献复习)

目的：探讨原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌的临床特点。方法：分析2例原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌患者的临床资料，结合文献得以讨论。结果：2例患者年龄分别为64岁和73岁，临床表现为排尿困难、膀胱刺激症及会阴不适。组织学：印戒状癌细胞呈圆形，胞质丰富透明，胞核呈新月状位于细胞一侧，核分裂像多见。免疫组化染色PCA（ ）、PAP( )、AR( )、低分子CK( )，CEA（-）、AB/PAS（-）。1例D期患者行双侧睾丸切除及氟他胺治疗，术后6个月死于广泛转移；1例B2期患者行根治性前列腺切除、双侧睾丸切除、内分泌和局部放射治疗，随访25个月未见复发和转移。结论：原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌是一种罕见、高度恶性的肿瘤，确诊需依赖组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查。     

上尿路移行细胞癌(附71例报告)

目的探讨上尿路移行细胞癌的诊断方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析近１０年来收治的７１例经病理证实的上尿路移行细胞癌。术前行尿脱落细胞学检查６０例,ＣＴ检查６１例;行肾输尿管及膀胱袖状切除６４例,术后随访６８例。结果尿细胞学和ＣＴ的阳性率分别为７２％和９３％。２６例术后再发膀胱癌。结论尿脱落细胞学检查是较好的定性诊断方法,ＣＴ检查是重要的定位诊断方法。肾输尿管及膀胱袖状切除术仍是主要的治疗方法。病人的预后与肿瘤部位、临床分期、病理分级及ＤＮＡ的倍体类型有关。     

肾癌保留肾单位手术的临床价值(附17例报告)

目的　评价肾癌保留肾单位手术的临床价值。　方法　回顾性研究 17例行保留肾单位手术的肾癌患者临床资料 ,其中单侧 15例 ,双肾异时性肾癌且一侧为多发肿瘤 2例。绝对指征 2例 ,相对指征 6例 ,选择性指征 9例。肿瘤直径 2～ 6cm ,均为T1期 (1997年TNM标准 ) ;行改良肾肿瘤剜除术 (切缘于肾肿瘤外 1cm正常肾实质处 ) 15例 ,肾上极切除术 1例 ,楔形切除术 1例。 2 0例同期肾癌临床及分期相当但行根治性手术的患者资料作随访对照 ,并作生存率时序检验。　结果　 17例患者随访 3～ 6 3个月 ,平均 35 .2个月 ,未见并发症及残肾肿瘤复发。无瘤生存率与根治性手术者相近。　结论　肾癌保留肾单位手术安全、有效 ,适合于对侧肾功能正常、一侧局限的偶发肾肿瘤患者。     

肾细胞癌骨转移的诊治(附四例报告)

为提高肾癌骨转移患者的临床诊治效果，收集４例肾癌骨转移患者资料，就其临床特点、病理资料及治疗效果进行分析。结果：４例中除１例经综合治疗长期存活外，其余３例术后生存时间均小于２年。结果认为：肾癌骨转移患者预后较差，对该类患者应力争做到早期诊断及综合治疗     

右侧外耳道原发性基底细胞腺瘤1例

患者男,52岁,因“咀嚼时右外耳道不适1年余”就诊。颞骨CT:右侧外耳道前壁见密度均匀软组织肿块(图1A),向后凸入外耳道,致外耳道局部受压、变窄;考虑胆脂瘤。MRI:平扫示右侧外耳道9 mm×12 mm×9 mm团块状占位,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号(图1B),脂肪抑制像呈高信号,DWI病变弥散受限呈高信号(图1C),右侧外耳道壁增厚;诊断右侧外耳道占位性病变,考虑胆脂瘤可能性大。行右外耳道肿物切除术,术中见1 mm×1.5 mm×1 mm灰红色肿瘤组织,质韧,边界清晰,表面光滑,有浅分叶。免疫组织化学:SMA(灶+),S-100(灶+),P63(灶+),Calponin(灶+),CK5/6(+),CK(+),Ki-67(10%+)。病理诊断:右侧外耳道基底细胞腺瘤(basal cell adenoma,BCA)(图1D)。     

Merkel cell carcinoma with bone metastasis: a case report

 A case of Merkel cell carcinoma with bone metastasis is described. The patient, who had a history of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin in the right cheek, had spontaneous pain in the right thigh. At the initial visit, the right hip range of motion was slightly limited, but there was no gait disturbance or abnormality in the radiographs of the right hip. However, the pain gradually increased and caused gait disturbance. The patient underwent surgical treatment. A bipolar type of femoral prosthesis was implanted into the femur, and sampling of cancellous bone was performed at the time of osteotomy. Pathological examination showed the findings of Merkel cell carcinoma. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the skin, which usually occurs on the head, neck, or extremities and metastasizes to the lymph nodes. Although osseous involvement often occurs in the adjacent facial bones through direct invasion, distant osseous metastasis appears to be extremely rare. Received: November 12, 2001 / Accepted: April 18, 2002     

肾癌525例临床分析

目的　探讨肾细胞癌的诊治方法。　方法　对 1 978年 1月至 1 997年 1 2月收治的肾细胞癌 5 2 5例资料进行分析。　结果　诊断以B超、CT为主。行肾癌根治性切除术 40 2例(76 .6 % ) ;其他类型手术 6 4例 ,其中探查术肿瘤无法切除 1 0例。病理结果 :透明细胞癌 32 1例 (70 .4% ) ,颗粒细胞癌 43例 ,混合型癌 77例 (1 7.0 % ) ,其它 1 5例。 40 2例 (76 .6 % )获得随访。 3年、5年和 1 0年生存率分别为 76 .7% (2 0 7/ 2 70 )、6 1 .6 % (1 2 2 / 1 98)和 2 7.2 % (2 5 / 92 )。　结论　早期发现、早期根治性肾癌切除手术仍是提高肾细胞癌生存率的关键。     

Surgical treatment of an extensive basal cell carcinoma of the scalp infiltrating the superior sagittal sinus

A patient with a basal cell carcinoma infiltrating the superior sagittal sinus and involving a wide area on the scalp was successfully excised. Two lesions, one in the right frontotemporal region and the other in the temporo-parieto-occipital region, were present. Surgical resection of the two lesions was performed on two separate occasions. The tumor had invaded a wide area of the temporo-parieto-occipital region, and because of this, the scalp, skull and dura mater, together with a large part of the superior sagittal sinus, were excised. The resulting defect was reconstructed simultaneously. At one year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the lesion.     

Lip carcinoma: clinical presentation,surgical treatment,and outcome: a series of 108 cases from Denmark

Objective: Lip carcinomas are among the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck region but reports on the course and outcome of this disease are mainly based on Mediterranean, South American, and Oceanian populations. The aim of the study was to describe the treatment and outcome of patients with lip carcinoma at a Danish department of plastic surgery.

Method: We conducted a single institution retrospective cohort study including patients with primary cancer of the lips including squamous cell (SCC), basal cell (BCC), and basosquamous carcinomas (BSC) in a 5-year period.

Results: We included 108 consecutive patients. Median age was 72 years (range 28 -98) and 58% were male. Seventy patients (65%) were diagnosed with SCC, 36 (33%) BCC, and 2 (2%) BSC. The majority of lesions were stage T1 (84%) and T2 (11%). An unexpected total of 35 (32%) patients experienced wound healing problems; whereof 19 (54%) classified as mild (not demanding treatment), 10 (29%) as moderate (non-functional surgical corrections or medical treatment of infection needed) and 6 (17%) experienced severe dehiscence (requiring surgical intervention for functional improvement). Total defect size ≥20?mm and full thickness excision was directly correlated to the risk of early postoperative complications (p-value: 0.03 and 0.04). Three patients (2/36 with BCC; 6% and 1/70 with SCC; 1%) developed local recurrence and five patients with SCC (5/70; 7%) developed regional lymph node metastases. One patient (1%) died from metastatic SCC.

Conclusion: This study confirms that lip carcinoma is associated with a risk of recurrence and mortality. However, the risk of wound complications is notable compared to other series.     

膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的　提高膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌的诊治水平。　方法　对 8例膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺癌患者的临床资料进行分析。　结果　 8例术前均经膀胱镜检查及活检病理证实为膀胱移行细胞癌。 7例经直肠前列腺穿刺活检确诊前列腺癌 ,1例为前列腺增生症 ,行膀胱前列腺全切术后病理证实为前列腺癌。 4例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切及双侧睾丸切除术 ,术后使用丝裂霉素或BCG等膀胱灌注及氟他胺内分泌治疗。 1例行膀胱前列腺全切加回肠膀胱术。 8例中 2例失访 ,3例因多发性转移 ,术后存活 <1年 ,3例行根治性膀胱前列腺全切术 ,术后随访 1.5～ 4.0年 ,经胸片、CT、同位素和PSA等检查未见肿瘤复发或转移。　结论　血清PSA测定、前列腺直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺B超检查、活检及膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱移行细胞癌伴前列腺腺癌的主要方法 ,根治性膀胱前列腺切除是影响预后的重要因素     

前列腺小细胞癌二例报告并文献复习

目的探讨前列腺小细胞癌的临床、病理特征及治疗方法。方法总结2例前列腺小细胞癌患者的临床资料并进行文献复习。例1,50岁,因排尿困难伴会阴部疼痛3个月入院。直肠指检前列腺Ⅲ度(5．0 cm×6．0 cm)增生,质硬,表面欠光滑。血清PSA 0．31 ng／ml,fPSA 0．09ng／ml。B超示低回声块,CT示前列腺密度不均。经直肠穿刺活检示前列腺癌,行前列腺癌根治术。例2,82岁,因排尿困难伴间歇性血尿4个月入院。直肠指检前列腺Ⅱ度(4．0 cm×5．0 cm)增生,质硬伴多发性结节,表面欠光滑。血清PSA 2．61 ng／ml,fPSA 0．05ng／ml。B超示低回声块,CT示前列腺密度不均,精囊及膀胱颈部受侵犯。经直肠穿刺活检示前列腺小细胞癌,行双睾切除术加TURP。结果2例术后病理均诊断为前列腺小细胞癌。肿瘤呈弥漫性片巢状结构,伴大片凝固性坏死,核小、燕麦状或圆形、染色深、核仁不明显、胞质少,类似肺小细胞癌。精囊及膀胱颈部均有肿瘤细胞浸润。免疫组化染色检查:LCA、L-26、34βE12(-),PSA、AE1／AE3、AR(+),CA、S-100(±)。例1术后1个月死于广泛肺转移,例2术后3个月发现后腹膜转移,仍在随访中。结论前列腺小细胞癌少见,确诊依靠临床及病理表现。对早期前列腺小细胞癌,根治性前列腺癌切除术加激素及化疗是可行的,晚期患者则无较满意的治疗方法,且预后差。     

皮肤基底细胞癌的临床病理分析

目的：通过分析基底细胞癌（BCC）临床病理特点,提高BCC的诊断水平。方法：回顾性研究西南医院皮肤科1990～2006年共203例BCC的临床病理资料。结果：BCC最好发的部位是鼻部和眼周,发病年龄高峰40～49岁,实体型BCC最常见,28.57%的病例临床上被误诊为色素痣、脂溢性角化、恶性黑素瘤等。分析显示日光照射和组织损伤是BCC的重要诱因,而且BCC可发生在色素痣的基础上。结论：由于BCC与一些临床碍容性皮肤肿瘤临床表现相似,容易出现误诊和漏诊,故建议及时作病理检查将有助于早期诊断和治疗。