下肢深静脉功能不全的检测与修复材料选择的研究

目的寻找下肢深静脉瓣膜包窄术最佳环包材料,了解彩色超声多普勒对深静脉瓣膜功能不全的诊断价值和月国静脉瓣膜功能。方法观察以自体大隐静脉片、自体阔筋膜和人造血管片作深静脉瓣膜包窄术的效果;彩色超声多普勒与经月国静脉插管造影结果对比;月国静脉瓣膜血液动力学检查。结果自体阔筋膜和大隐静脉片逐渐挛缩呈纤维化瘢痕增生,而人造血管的形态和结构无明显变化;彩色超声多普勒与经月国静脉插管造影检测下肢深静脉功能比较,前者与后者的符合率为９１．８６％;屏气时股、月国静脉瓣膜同时关闭,小腿三头肌收缩时月国静脉瓣膜开放程度明显大于股静脉瓣膜。结论以人造血管作环包材料效果最好;彩色超声多普勒以其无创性成为重要的检测手段;月国静脉瓣膜是保护小腿深静脉功能的最后屏障     

下肢深静脉功能不全诊治的实验和临床研究

目的研究治疗不同程度下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的有效方法。方法①观察以自体大隐静脉片、自体阔筋膜片和人造血管片作深静脉瓣膜包窄术的效果;②分别采用股或静脉瓣修复加包窄术、股或（和）静脉瓣包窄术、股浅静脉瓣修复和包窄加静脉瓣包窄术、自体带瓣腋静脉段静脉移植外加人造血管环包术、股静脉瓣包窄加静脉外代瓣术、静脉外代瓣术,共治疗１２１例（１３３条患肢）;③以静脉插管造影和彩色多普勒超声检查作为诊断和评估疗效的观察指标。结果①以膨体聚四氟乙烯人造血管片作包窄材料的效果最好;②彩超检查与静脉造影比较准确率为９１８６％;③本组患者平均随访３７８年,治愈率９１７３％。结论治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,应根据病情选用不同的手术方法。     

下肢深静脉瓣膜包窄术环包材料的实验研究

治疗下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的瓣膜包窄术，常用的环包材料为自体大隐静脉、自体阔筋膜和人造血管片。为取得更好的疗效，我们对上述３种环包材料分组进行了实验观察。一、材料与方法１．实验动物及分组：取体重２５～３０ｋｇ杂种犬３０只，随机分为３组，自体大隐...     

瓣膜包窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全47例分析

目的　研究应用股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床效果 ,总结其手术体会。方法　自体阔筋膜片或人造血管片对 47例下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者施行股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术。结果　 47例手术效果均满意 ,其症状完全或基本消失 ,近期随访无复发。结论　瓣膜包窄术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全具有较好的疗效和实用性     

下肢深静脉瓣膜环包术环包材料的研究

目的 探讨下肢深静脉瓣膜环包术最环包材料。方法 将自体大隐静脉，阔筋膜和人造血管片分组环包于犬股静脉上，术后不同时期观察长，宽及厚度变化。结果 自体大隐静脉和阔筋膜逐渐挛缩呈纤维化瘢痕增生，３个月出现显著挛缩，６￣１２个月最显著，而膨体聚四氟乙烯人造血管片的形态和结构无明显变化。结论 以膨体聚四氟乙烯人造血管片作环包材料效果最好。     

静脉腔内激光联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的初步评价腔内激光联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效。方法全组下肢静脉曲张患者28例，共38条下肢。按病因和病情的不同，采用3种手术治疗：（1）临床表现明显的原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全者4条下肢，作股浅静脉瓣膜包窄＋大隐静脉高位结扎＋EVLT＋SEPS术；（2）轻度原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全者15条下肢，作大隐静脉高位结扎＋EVLT＋SEPS；（3）单纯性大隐静脉曲张者19条下肢，作大隐静脉高位结扎＋EVLT。结果平均随访11个月，全组患者均无复发；临床症状和体征消退或好转，彩超检查示大隐静脉均全程闭合，无血流信号。结论EVLT具有无创、安全、操作简便和疗效良好的优点，联合手术治疗下肢静脉病变的效果满意。     

自体静脉片瓣膜包窄治疗下肢深静脉倒流性病变

目的 评价自体大隐静脉片作为包窄材料行下肢深静脉瓣膜包窄术的临床应用价值。方法 选择通过静脉造影等特殊检查,确诊为原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全,倒流3～4级,其倒流程度轻度和中度的67例(69条肢体),作股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术。结果 49条肢体随访3～18个月,效果良好的(41/49)占83.67％;病情好转的(6/49)占12.24％;无效者(1/49)占2.04％;血栓形成(1/49)占 2.04％。结论 本手术操作简便、安全、有效,经本院改进的手术方法,合理选择手术适应证,是取得理想效果的关键,但大隐静脉片作为包窄材料具有一定的局限性。     

股Guo静脉瓣膜功能与临床表现的关系

本组资料共２９１例，２９９侧，所有患者均有下肢静脉瘀血临床表现。下肢顺行静脉造影按本院常规进行，以乏氏试验判断静脉瓣膜功能。统计学分析表明，深静脉瓣膜功能与临床关系非常密切（Ｐ＜０．００５）。在维持下肢深静脉正常功能方面，股、Ｇｕｏ静脉两处瓣膜的作用大于股或Ｇｕｏ静脉一处的瓣膜作用，股静脉瓣膜作用大于Ｇｕｏ静脉的作用。     

Ge股静脉瓣膜功能重建的临床研究

应用股或Ｇｅ静脉瓣修复加包窄术，股或Ｇｅ静脉瓣包窄肌加Ｇｅ静脉瓣修复重建术、Ｇｅ静脉外代瓣术，治疗下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全。     

下肢曲张浅静脉内膜功能的临床研究

作者随机选择原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者１０名（１１条肢体），检测其曲张大隐静脉内膜前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）含量，发现患原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全者，小腿曲张浅静脉内膜功能的变化受下肢静脉血流动力学变化的影响，而且这种内膜功能的改变可能对下肢静脉血液瘀滞、以及凝血和纤溶机制变化起代偿作用。     

自体阔筋膜代袢的研究

腘静脉外肌袢形成术是治疗下肢深静脉严重血液倒流性病变的优选手术之一,但手术还存在一些不足之处,如肌袢长度不够,术后肌袢粘连等。本实验结果说明,自体阔筋膜移植后不发生退行性变化,其顺行性和最大抗拉强度与正常对照相比也未下降,从形态学和材料力学角度阐明了自体阔筋膜袢代替肌腱袢的可行性,为临床应用提供了实验依据。     

Femoral venous reflux abolished by greater saphenous vein stripping

Preoperative venous duplex scanning has revealed unexpected deep venous incompetence in patients with apparently only varicose veins. Acting on the hypothesis that the deep vein reflux was secondary to deep vein dilation caused by reflux volume, the following was done. Between July 1990 and April 1993, 29 limbs in 21 patients (16 females) were examined by color-flow duplex imaging to determine valve closure by the method of van Bemmelen. Instrumentation included high-resolution ATL-9 venous interrogation using a pneumatic cuff deflation stimulus of reflux in the standing, nonweight-bearing limb. All limbs showed greater saphenous vein reflux. Twenty-nine showed superficial femoral vein reflux and of these three showed popliteal vein reflux. Duplex testing was performed by a certified vascular technologist whose interpretation was blinded as to the results of clinical examination and grading of the severity of venous insufficiency. Surgery was performed on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia using groin-to-knee removal of the greater saphenous vein by the vein inversion technique of Van Der Strict. Stab avulsion of varicose tributary veins was accomplished during the same period of anesthesia. In 27 of 29 limbs with preoperative femoral reflux, that reflux was abolished by greater saphenous stripping. In patients with popliteal reflux both femoral and popliteal reflux was abolished. Improvement of deep venous hemodynamics by ablation of superficial reflux supports the reflux circuit theory of venous overload. Furthermore, preoperative evaluation of venous hemodynamics by duplex scanning appears to provide useful pre- and postoperative information regarding venous insufficiency in individual patients.Presented at the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Southern California Vascular Surgical Society, Coronado, Calif, September 17–19, 1993.     

Anatomie des epifaszialen Venensystems

The superficial venous system is basically different from the deep venous system. The superficial veins run independently from the arteries, they lie on the fascia and are partly separated from the subcutaneous connective tissue by their own fascia. This applies particularly to the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein. The great saphenous vein opens into the communicating femoral vein in the region of the saphenous opening of the fascia lata. The small saphenous vein continues into the thigh as the femoro-popliteal vein and finally opens into the great saphenous vein as the posterior accessory saphenous vein. The region of the opening into the great saphenous vein has many valves and side branches the most important of which are an ostial valve which is only sometimes present and the terminal valve. The latter is situated between the actual junction and the most proximal side branch. Even this is not constant and is found in only four out of five cases.     

Histological comparison of autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein for vascular patch graft material in a canine arteriotomy model.

Autogenous fascia lata has found little clinical use as a vascular patch graft material. Previous experience, however, suggests that it possesses attributes that might make it useful in this regard. To assess its efficacy as a vascular patch graft, nine adult mongrel dogs each underwent four arteriotomies with placements of patch grafts. The four sites included both carotid arteries and both femoral arteries. In each animal, one of four patch graft materials (autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein) were placed as patch material at the arteriotomy site utilizing 7-0 running sutures and loop magnification. The site for placement of each graft material was rotated serially in the animals so that each site would have equal numbers of all four graft materials applied. The animals were killed at either 6 to 8 weeks or 11 to 12 weeks after angiography of all four vessels. The specimens were then evaluated histologically. No difference was observed among any of the patch graft materials with regard to myofibroblast plaque formation. Inflammatory responses were noted to be substantially less in the canine fascia lata group than in the other three groups. Granuloma formation, however, appeared to be most significant in the autogenous canine vein group. Only one vessel was occluded. Aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm formation was not noted in any specimen. It appears from the above results that autogenous fascia lata may be an appropriate alternative to currently utilized arterial patch graft materials and that it should be evaluated further for this purpose.     

Prevalence and clinical significance of posterolateral thigh perforator vein incompetence

Purpose: Posterolateral thigh perforator (PLTP) veins are part of the lateral thigh venous system, which in most people remains undeveloped. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of these veins.Methods: Over the past 6 years, 2820 lower limbs with signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) were evaluated for venous reflux using color flow duplex imaging. Superficial, perforating, and deep veins were examined in the standing, sitting, and reversed Trendelenburg positions. PLTP veins were best identified in the standing position with the patient facing away from the examiner.Results: Twenty-six incompetent PLTP veins were found in 24 limbs (0.85%) of 21 patients (mean age, 43 ± 16 years; range, 22 to 77 years). All PLTP veins pierced the fascia lata 12 to 25 cm (mean, 16 ± 3 cm) above the popliteal skin crease in the lateral aspect of the thigh. At this level, the PLTP veins dove posteriorly 3 to 8 cm to join primarily tributaries of the deep femoral vein, superficial femoral vein, or both. Eight PLTP veins were duplicated at 1 to 2 cm below the fascia. Seven PLTP veins gave rise to superficial tributaries that were extended to the lower lateral and posterior thigh, whereas the remaining 19 PLTP veins gave rise to tributaries alongside the lesser saphenous vein and the anterior arch of the greater saphenous vein. On nine occasions, reflux was found in the PLTP veins and their associated tributaries alone. In all of these cases, reflux was adequately controlled with a tourniquet placed distal to the fascial defect. In the remaining 17 PLTP veins, reflux was also seen in the greater saphenous vein, the lesser saphenous vein, or both. None of the limbs that had PLTP vein reflux alone exceeded CVD class 3. When PLTP vein reflux was combined with saphenous reflux, there were five limbs classified as CVD class 4 and one limb each as CVD classes 5 and 6. Twenty limbs underwent ligation and stripping of the varicosities. Three of the earlier patients in the series underwent incomplete operations, which resulted in immediate residual varicosities from the PLTP tributaries. All three patients underwent reoperation successfully within a year.Conclusions: The prevalence of PLTP vein reflux is quite low. Reflux in the PLTP veins alone is associated with mild to moderate clinical presentation. However, when it is combined with saphenous reflux skin damage can be present. Failure to recognize PLTP veins may result in an incomplete or unnecessary operation, leaving the patients with residual varicose veins. (J Vasc Surg 1997; 26:743-8.)     

应用股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效评价

目的用CEAP分类记分法 (clinical,etiologic ,anatomic ,andpathophysiologic ,CEAP)评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 (PDVI)的疗效和应用价值。方法将 97例 (97侧肢体 )经顺行性静脉造影证实PDVI的患者分为A组 79侧 ,B组 18侧。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱 交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱 交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分评价疗效。结果A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组由 6 4± 3 7降至 1 7± 1 8,P <0 0 1;B组由 3 8± 3 6降至 1 4± 1 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,A组较B组下降程度更大 (P <0 0 1)。结论从CEAP临床记分结果看 ,股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术有助于PDVI患者临床症状缓解。因此术前明确诊断为PDVI的患者 ,应行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效评价

目的　评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效和应用价值。方法　 97例 (97侧肢体 )经静脉顺行造影证实为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者分为A、B两组 ,A组 79例 ,B组 18例。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分和顺行性下肢静脉造影评价疗效。结果　A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组P <0 0 1;B组P <0 0 5 )。A组中C5～C6者手术效果较C2 ～C4者好 ;两组C2 ～C4者比较 ,A组手术效果优于B组。术后A组中 6 7侧患肢行顺行性下肢静脉造影 ,瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 83 5 8% (5 6 /6 7) ,显效率为 4 1 79% (2 8/6 7) ;B组 12侧患肢股浅静脉瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 33 33% ,两组有效率比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎加股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,较大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎术更有助于临床症状缓解和瓣膜形态功能的恢复。术前明确诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者 ,宜行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

Evaluation of non-invasive and invasive methods in the assessment of short saphenous vein termination

Surgery of the short saphenous vein is associated with a high recurrence rate because of variations in the anatomy or inadequate clinical examination. To prevent this, accurate definition of the pattern and level of termination of the saphenopopliteal junction and flush ligation is necessary. Clinical examination, Doppler ultrasound, duplex scanning and peroperative venography have been compared to assess the level of termination of the short saphenous vein. In all, 64 limbs of 46 patients were examined. In 39 limbs there was primary short saphenous incompetence, in 13 limbs there was recurrent short saphenous incompetence; in ten of these there was incompetence of the gastrocnemius vein. In 12 limbs a duplex scan did not demonstrate incompetence of the short saphenous vein or gastrocnemius vein. The accuracy of these methods when locating incompetence of the short saphenous vein to within 2 cm of the saphenopopliteal junction was 56 per cent for clinical examination, 64 per cent for Doppler ultrasound and 96 per cent for duplex scanning. When there was no saphenopopliteal junction (9 per cent), duplex scanning correctly detected the pattern of the incompetent vein. The apparent success of clinical examination was because the vein was not felt above the femoral intercondylar groove and 52 per cent of the veins terminated at this level. Duplex scanning is a non-invasive technique which is almost as accurate as venography and provides additional haemodynamic information about the incompetent veins by demonstrating the presence and extent of reflux.