Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1990-1996

OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in 16 US states. METHODS: Data from telephone surveys were used to stratify respondents by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of adults who consumed fruits and vegetables at least 5 times daily was 19%, 22%, and 23% in 1990, 1994, and 1996, respectively. While the proportion increased among those with active leisure-time physical activities and normal weight, it remained almost the same among inactive people and dropped among the obese. CONCLUSIONS: Progress in fruit and vegetable intake from 1990 to 1994 was encouraging, but it changed little between 1994 and 1996.     

The relationship between smoking status and serious psychological distress: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Objectives:  

To examine the associations between smoking and quit attempts with psychological distress and also by socioeconomic groups.     

Aspirin use among U.S. adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

BACKGROUND: The role of aspirin in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications among people with diabetes has been examined. A Healthy People 2010 objective calls for increasing the proportion of people with diabetes aged>or=40 years who take aspirin>or=15 times per month. METHODS: Data from 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to examine (1) the prevalence of aspirin intake, (2) aspirin use among those with CVD, (3) aspirin use among those with diabetes, (4) current status with respect to Healthy People objective 5-16, and (5) changes in aspirin intake from 1999. RESULTS: Daily or every-other-day aspirin use was reported by 36.2% of participants in 2003. Aspirin intake among those with CVD and diabetes was 82.8% and 62.6%, respectively. The Healthy People 2010 objective of increasing the proportion of adults with diabetes aged>or=40 years who take aspirin to 30% was achieved. The prevalence of aspirin intake was higher in 2003 compared to 1999 among all participants, those with CVD, and those with diabetes (relative increase of about 20%, 12%, and 36%, respectively). Most participants (74%) reported cardiovascular reasons for aspirin use. Among those without CVD or diabetes, the prevalence of aspirin intake increased with the increasing number of CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Regular aspirin use increased over a 4-year period. Greater use of inexpensive and easily accessible interventions to prevent cardiovascular events is encouraging. Increased efforts to continue preventive uses of available treatment and reduction in risk by modifying other risk factors will help lower future disease burden.     

Self-reported short sleep duration among US adults by disability status and functional disability type: Results from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

BackgroundShort sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and all-cause death. A better understanding of sleep disparities between people with and without disabilities can help inform interventions designed to improve sleep duration among people with disabilities.ObjectiveTo examine population-based prevalence estimates of short sleep duration by disability status and disability type among noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years.MethodsData from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess prevalence of short sleep duration among adults without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with cognition, hearing, mobility, or vision; any difficulty with self-care or independent living). Short sleep duration was defined as <7 h per 24-h period. We used log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for socioeconomic and health-related characteristics.ResultsAdults with any disability had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those without disability (43.8% vs. 31.6%; p < .001). After controlling for selected covariates, short sleep was most prevalent among adults with multiple disabilities (PR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.36–1.43), followed by adults with a single disability type (range: PR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24 [for independent living disability] to PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21–1.30 [for mobility disability]) compared to adults without disability.ConclusionsPeople with disabilities had a higher likelihood of reporting short sleep duration than those without disabilities. Assessment of sleep duration may be an important component in the provision of medical care to people with disabilities.     

Rural-urban variations in psychological distress: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007

Objectives:  

To describe rural and urban differences in the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in the United States.     

2013年中国成年人吸烟状况与多种慢性病的关联研究

目的 研究我国成年人吸烟现状及不同吸烟人群与多种慢性病的关联。方法 基于2013年全国慢性病及其危险因素监测,覆盖31个省份的298个监测县（区）,按多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取全国≥ 18岁居民176 534人。利用询问调查收集对象前12个月的吸烟行为（吸烟状态、现在吸烟者日均吸烟量、现在每日吸烟者吸烟年限等）、慢性病（高血压、糖尿病、高TC血症和高TG血症）相关信息,测量血压,检测血糖和血脂。采用基于复杂抽样设计的权重对指标进行分析。结果 共收集有效样本175 386人。其中男性占42.7%,女性占57.3%。成年人男性吸烟者高血压、高TC血症和高TG血症患病率分别为30.4%、7.2%和18.0%,高于非吸烟者;女性吸烟者高血压、糖尿病、高TC血症和高TG血症患病率分别为35.6%、14.0%、10.3%和15.9%,均高于非吸烟者,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,我国成年人男性吸烟者比非吸烟者高血压患病风险有所降低,患高TG血症风险比非吸烟者高19%（OR=1.19,95% CI：1.10~1.30）。其中,现在日均吸烟≥ 20支男性高TG血症患病风险比非吸烟者高41%（OR=1.41,95% CI：1.28~1.55）。我国成年人女性吸烟者比非吸烟者高TG血症患病风险高40%（OR=1.40,95% CI：1.15~1.70）;每日吸烟年限≥ 20年者高TG血症比<20年者高60%（OR=1.60,95% CI：1.31~1.95）。结论 吸烟者比非吸烟者总体慢性病患病率高,且吸烟年限长或现在每日吸烟量大的人群患病风险大幅增加。     

北京与云南城市中学生吸烟行为现状比较

目的分析北京与云南城市中学生吸烟行为的现状、差异及影响因素,为开展学校控烟工作提供参考依据。方法资料来自2008年全国青少年健康危险行为监测的27 077名北京和云南城市中学生数据,采用2χ检验和Logistic回归分析两地中学生尝试吸烟率、近期吸烟率和经常吸烟率的差异。结果北京和云南城市男生尝试吸烟率分别为35.7%和62.4%,近期吸烟率分别为18.9%和36.4%,经常吸烟率分别为9.2%和15.6%;女生尝试吸烟率分别为21.8%和30.9%,近期吸烟率分别为7.0%和10.2%,经常吸烟率分别为1.6%和2.1%。性别、年龄、学校类型、地区经济发展水平、母亲文化程度均对两地中学生的吸烟行为产生影响;控制上述因素后,云南城市中学生各项指标的报告率均显著高于北京学生。结论两地中学生吸烟行为的差异反映了社会环境对青少年的重要影响。云南青少年面临更高的吸烟风险。     

Sleep insufficiency and the natural environment: Results from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey

BackgroundExposure to the natural environment may improve health behaviors and mental health outcomes such as increased levels of physical activity and lower levels of depression associated with sleep quality. Little is known about the relationship between insufficient sleep and the natural environment.PurposeTo determine whether exposure to attributes of the natural environment (e.g., greenspace) attenuates the likelihood of reporting insufficient sleep among US adults.MethodsMultiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association between self-reported days of insufficient sleep (in the past 30 days) and access to the natural environment in a multi-ethnic, nationally representative sample (n = 255,171) of US adults ≥ 18 years of age enrolled in the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.ResultsUsing 1-to-6 days of insufficient sleep as the referent group for all analyses, lower odds of exposure to natural amenities were observed for individuals reporting 21-to-29 days (OR = 0.843, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.747, 0.951) of insufficient sleep. In stratified analyses, statistically significant lower odds of exposure to natural amenities were found among men reporting 7-to-13-days (OR = 0.911, 95% CI = 0.857, 0.968), 21-to-29-days (OR = 0.838, 95% CI = 0.759, 0.924), and 30-days (OR = 0.860, 95% CI = 0.784, 0.943) of insufficient sleep. Greenspace access was also protective against insufficient sleep for men and individuals aged 65 +.ConclusionsIn a representative sample of US adults, access to the natural environment attenuated the likelihood of reporting insufficient sleep, particularly among men. Additional studies are needed to examine the impact of natural environment exposure on sleep insufficiency across various socio-demographic groups.     

Association between diagnosed diabetes and serious psychological distress among U.S. adults: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007

Objectives:  

To estimate the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) according to diabetes status and to assess the association of diabetes-related risks and conditions with SPD among U.S. adults.     

Trends in cigarette use behaviors among adolescents by region in Korea

Objectives

Understanding recent trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to prevent cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to compare recent trends in cigarette smoking for adolescents living in rural areas, small towns and metropolitan cities in Korea.

Methods

The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2005 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate significant linear time trends in cigarette smoking. The indicators of cigarette use behaviors were ''current smoking rate'', ''frequent smoking rate'', ''heavy smoking rate'' and ''smoking experience rate before 13 years of age''. All analyses were conducted according to gender.

Results

Statistically significant increasing trends in current smoking rate and frequent smoking rate were observed and borderline significant increasing trends in heavy smoking rate were shown among rural boys. Among metropolitan city boys, statistically significant increasing trends were also seen for frequent smoking. Statistically significant decreasing trends in current smoking rate were observed among small town and metropolitan city girls. Smoking experience rate before 13 years of age for rural girls decreased significantly.

Conclusions

Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents in the rural areas has increased in the last five years especially among boys. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas.     

Walking trends among U.S. adults: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987-2000

OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in walking among adults in 31 states. METHODS: Trends by sociodemographic strata were analyzed from respondents who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). RESULTS: The prevalence of walking among men increased 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.4-5.2), from 26.2% (95% CI=25.1-25.3) in 1987 to 30.1% (95% CI=29.4-30.8) in 2000. In women, walking increased 6.6% (95% CI=5.4-7.8), from 40.4% (95% CI=-39.4-41.1) to 46.9% (95% CI=46.2-47.6) during the same time period. However, the prevalence of walking three times a week for 30 minutes duration remained constant across all years. The largest increases occurred in minority subpopulations: 8.7% (95% CI=3.2-14.2) in Hispanic women, 8.5% (95% CI=4.4-12.6) non-Hispanic black women, and 7.0% (95% CI=2.3-11.7) in non-Hispanic black men. Walking was the most frequently reported activity among adults who met the national recommendations for regular physical activity (defined as five or more times a week for > or =30 minutes per session). CONCLUSIONS: Given the acceptability of walking across all sociodemographic subgroups, efforts to increase the frequency of walking could markedly increase the percentage of U.S. adults who engage in regular physical activity, a national priority identified in the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the nation.     

Ethnicity and alcohol consumption among US adults with diabetes

PurposeThe drinking practices of a nationally representative sample of white, black, Mexican American, and other Hispanic adult diabetics are described and compared.MethodsCombined years (2005/2006–2011/2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provided home interview data from 2220 adults with self-reported diabetes of white (n = 875), black (n = 720), Mexican American (n = 402), and other Hispanic (n = 223) ethnicity. Current drinking status, the number of drinks consumed per week, and binge drinking were compared across ethnicity.ResultsThe multivariate findings for both diabetic men and women showed no statistically significant ethnic differences in current drinking status, and among women, there were no statistically significant ethnic differences in binge drinking. Among male diabetics, Mexican Americans consumed more drinks per week than whites (b = 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.58; P = .002) and were at increased risk for binge drinking (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–3.21; P = .002).ConclusionsBinge drinking is prevalent among Mexican American male diabetics. This pattern of drinking may put them at risk for poor diabetes management and control. It is important that health care providers routinely assess their patients' drinking practices and address the health risks associated with alcohol consumption.     

Self-reported body mass index and health-related quality of life: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between self-reported body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life in the general adult population in the United STATES: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Using data from 109,076 respondents in the 1996 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined how self-reported BMI is associated with five health-related quality of life measures developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for population health surveillance. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, smoking status, and physical activity status, participants with a self-reported BMI of <18.5 kg/m(2) and participants with a self-reported BMI of > or =30 kg/m(2) reported impaired quality of life. Compared with persons with a self-reported BMI of 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2), odds ratios (ORs) of poor or fair self-rated health increased among persons with self-reported BMIs of <18.5 (1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31 to 1.89), 25 to <30 kg/m(2) (1.12, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.20), 30 to <35 kg/m(2) (1.65, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.81), 35 to <40 kg/m(2) (2.58, 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.00), and > or =40 kg/m(2) (3.23, 95% CI: 2.63 to 3.95); ORs for reporting > or =14 days of poor physical health during the previous 30 days were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.21 to 1.72), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.14), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19 to 1.47), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.13), and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.90 to 2.94), respectively; ORs for having > or =14 days of poor mental health during the previous 30 days were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.42), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.11), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.36), 1.68 (95% CI: 1.42 to 1.98), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32 to 2.09), respectively. DISCUSSION: In the largest study to date, low and increased self-reported BMI significantly impaired health-related quality of life. Particularly, deviations from normal BMI affected physical functioning more strongly than mental functioning.     

Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Objectives:  

To examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with serious psychological distress (SPD) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), lifestyle factors, or emotional support.     

Adverse Childhood Experiences among Reproductive Age Women: Findings from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

IntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with many negative health outcomes. Despite this well-documented association, most research on how health conditions affect women's preconception and perinatal health overlooks ACEs.MethodsThis study analyzes self-reported ACE history and health outcomes among young adults (ages 18–39) using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Our aims were to 1) assess differences by gender in overall ACE scores and specific ACEs; 2) identify trends in women's ACE scores by birth cohort; and 3) estimate the association of ACE scores with health conditions that increase risk for adverse perinatal outcomes.ResultsFindings include that women had higher overall ACE scores than men and that women were more likely to report experiencing seven of the eight ACEs queried. More than 23% of women respondents reported an ACE score of 4+, with a 3-percentage point difference between the youngest and oldest women in our sample. Compared with those reporting zero ACEs, women with four or more ACEs were almost four times as likely to report a history of depression and more than twice as likely to report fair or poor health, even after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics. Women with four or more ACEs were 62% more likely to have obesity, 41% more likely to report a hypertension diagnosis, and 36% more likely to report a diabetes diagnosis than those with zero ACEs.ConclusionsACEs are a root cause in the development of adverse health conditions in young women, and their prevention should be central to policies aimed at improving women and children's well-being.     

Health professionals' advice to Iowa adults with hypertension using the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

PURPOSE: We investigated the prevalence of hypertension-lowering lifestyle-modification advice given to adults living in Iowa. We sought to determine if persons with high blood pressure and those who are overweight receive more advice than do persons with normal blood pressure and a desirable body weight. METHODS: By using the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we asked Iowa adults with (N=1050) and without (N=2514) high blood pressure five questions relating to the most recent Joint National Committee guidelines on lowering blood pressure. Respondents with high blood pressure were placed into normal weight and overweight categories. Chi-square analysis revealed group differences in amount of advice received. To reflect the true Iowa population, data were weighted by SPSS software. RESULTS: Compared with persons without high blood pressure, those with high blood pressure received more lifestyle-modification advice (p < .001) for eating less high-fat or high-cholesterol foods (28.3% vs. 12.5%), eating more fruits and vegetables (35.7% vs. 20.0%), exercising more (37.6% vs. 20.8%), losing weight (19.3% vs. 9.3%), and quitting smoking (80.5% vs. 64.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Although persons with multiple chronic-disease risk factors are given more advice, the prevalence of advice given to individuals when lifestyle changes may reduce risk factors is still very low. Methods of translating research on lifestyle modifications into practice are discussed.     

Smoking status and health-related quality of life: as findings from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between smoking status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). DESIGN: Our study used a cross-sectional analysis with self-reported data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). SETTING: United States. SUBJECTS: Subjects were a representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years and older. After excluding respondents who reported being pregnant and for whom smoking status could not be determined, we included 209,031 respondents. MEASURES: Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations of smoking status with the four HRQOL items, controlling for demographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: Current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting poor general health status compared with nonsmokers and ex-smokers. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting > or = 14 days of poor physical health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-1.77), poor mental health (OR = 1.99, 95% Cl = 1.84-2.16), and activity limitations (OR = 1.80, 95% Cl = 1.63-2.00). Similarly, compared with ex-smokers, current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting > or = 14 days of poor physical health (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.19-1.42), poor mental health (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.50-1.81), and activity limitations (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.32-1.65). Age, income, and presence of comorbidities also significantly explained variation in HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reaffirms the significant association between smoking and HRQOL in a large nationally representative sample. Poor health associated with smoking persists as a major public health problem, and effective preventive and smoking cessation efforts should be undertaken.