超声和手工龈下刮治对龈下微生物影响的研究

目的 :比较Perioproline超声龈下刮治和手工龈下刮治对龈下微生物的影响 ,评价Periopro line超声龈下刮治系统的临床疗效和工作效率。方法 :选取慢性成人牙周炎患者 7名 ,共 2 0个左右基本对称牙被纳入研究 ,随机分入实验组 (超声组 )和对照组 (手工组 )。记录治疗时间和治疗前、治疗后 0d、7d和 14d的PD ,BOP值 ,及采集龈下菌斑样本培养鉴定 ,观察比较总菌落形成单位 (CFU)和牙周可疑致病菌检出率及检出量的变化。结果 :两组在治疗后PD、BOP值及龈下菌斑总量 (CFU)和牙周可疑致病菌数量及检出率均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗前后各时段组间均无明显差别 ;超声组的治疗时间明显少于手工组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :Perioproline超声龈下刮治和手工龈下刮治均可有效减少龈下微生物的量 ,改善患牙的牙周临床状况 ,且两者间无差异 ,但Perioproline超声龈下刮治明显较手工刮治节省时间     

不同龈下冲洗方式对牙周炎治疗效果的对比评价

目的:比较超声龈下刮治结合不同龈下冲洗方式治疗中、重度慢性牙周炎的临床效果,分析、评价不同龈下冲洗方式的临床应用特点和价值。方法:选择中、重度牙周炎患者15例(68颗),随机分为2组,每组34颗:实验组使用超声龈下刮治同步0.2%甲硝唑液冲洗;对照组使用超声龈下刮治后传统冲洗器给予0.2%甲硝唑液冲洗。分别记录治疗前和治疗7天后的菌斑指数(PL)、牙龈出血指数(SBI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)。分别比较实验组、对照组治疗前后牙周各指数的变化以及两组间治疗前后牙周各指数差值。结果:实验组和对照组在治疗7d后PL、SBI均显著降低;实验组治疗后PL、SBI、PD、AL降低程度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论:超声龈下刮治同步药物冲洗比传统超声龈下刮治后冲洗器给药冲洗更有效。     

牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治对残留牙周袋临床疗效的评价研究

目的 评价牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治对牙周基础治疗后残留牙周袋的临床治疗效果.方法 收集20例慢性牙周炎患者259颗经牙周基础治疗后仍残留深牙周袋的患牙,行牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治,比较治疗前及治疗后3个月全口牙周探诊出血(BOP)和牙周探诊深度(PD)的变化.结果 内窥镜治疗后3个月全口平均PD值和BOP位点百分比有显著改善(P<0.001).单根牙和多根牙的平均PD均显著降低(P<0.001),PD≥5mm位点百分比显著改善(P<0.05),其中重度牙周袋位点的改善更明显(P<0.05).根分叉病变位点百分比治疗前后无明显变化.结论 残留牙周深袋经牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治后,单根牙和多根牙都有显著治疗效果,并且单根牙重度牙周袋位点改善更明显,但是多根牙II度及以上根分叉病变位点的改善有限.     

超声龈下刮治同步药物冲洗对牙周炎的治疗作用

目的探讨超声龈下刮治同步药物冲洗对牙周炎的治疗效果。方法选取中、重度慢性牙周炎患牙34颗,随机分为三组：A组（蒸馏水组）超声龈下刮治同步无菌蒸馏水冲洗（11颗牙）;B组（消炎痛组）超声龈下刮治同步0.1%消炎痛药物冲洗（13颗牙）;C组（甲硝唑组）超声龈下刮治同步0.2%甲硝唑药物冲洗（10颗牙）。比较龈上洁治、龈下刮治前后28日临床检查指标,及治疗后7、28日龈沟液的量和龈沟液中IL-6的水平变化。结果三组治疗后菌斑指数（PLI）、探诊深度（PD）、龈沟出血指数（SB I）、龈沟液的量及龈沟液中IL-6水平明显降低,有显著性差异;附着丧失（AL）降低不明显;消炎痛组和甲硝唑组治疗后龈沟液中IL-6水平降低程度大于蒸馏水组,有显著性差异。结论超声龈下刮治同步药物冲洗能够明显提高牙周炎的治疗效果。     

单独龈下超声刮治与结合人工刮治两种方法的临床效果比较

目的 比较单独应用龈下超声刮治与结合人工刮治两种治疗方式的临床效果.方法 选取36例慢性牙周病患者,采用半口对照的方法将患牙分为对照组(左半口)和实验组(右半口),先对所有患牙进行龈上洁治术,一周后对照组实行龈下超声刮治术,实验组实行龈下超声刮治结合人工刮治术.治疗前后1个月、3个月分别检查受试牙,并记录各项临床指标( BOP、PD、CAL).结果 在治疗结束后1个月和3个月,两组各项牙周临床指标均有明显改善(P＜0.05),实验组的改善优于对照组,且有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 龈下超声刮治后使用人工刮治,可以获得一个更加平整的根面,取得良好的临床效果.     

三种龈下冲洗液对成人牙周炎辅助治疗的疗效比较

目的 :对比评价三种龈下冲洗液作为牙周基础治疗的辅助疗法 ,对成人牙周炎的临床疗效。方法 :采用米诺环素—甲硝唑混合液 (米—甲组 )、米诺环素液 (米组 )、甲硝唑液 (甲组 )、生理盐水 (对照组 )进行龈下冲洗 ,测量用药前后的各项牙周参数 :牙周袋深度 (PD)、临床附着水平 (CAL)、探诊出血 (BOP)。结果 :对于PD和CAL ,米—甲组和其他三组相比具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;对于BOP ,各组之间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :三种龈下冲洗液均在一定程度上提高牙周疗效 ,其中米—甲混合冲洗液更能有效控制牙周组织炎症 ,减少牙周附着的丧失 ,有助于牙周组织的重建     

全口超声龈下刮治两次法对轻中度慢性牙周炎老年患者的近期疗效观察

目的:观察全口超声龈下刮治两次法对轻中度牙周炎的治疗效果。方法:按病例纳入标准选择年龄60岁以上、轻中度牙周炎患者42例,经口腔卫生宣教、超声龈上洁治术后,进行基线检查:牙龈出血指数(GBI),探针出血(BOP)阳性位点,牙周探诊深度(PD)及附着水平(AL),然后进行两次全口超声龈下刮治。术后1个月、3个月复查。所得数据进行配对t检验,统计学分析各临床指标治疗前后的变化。结果:术后1个月的PD由治疗前平均3.18 mm减少至平均2.45 mm(P<0.05),附着水平由平均4.51 mm提高至平均3.34mm(P<0.05),术后3个月的PD及AL分别为2.37 mm(P<0.05)及3.27 mm(P<0.05)。GBI术前平均为3.17,术后一个月及三个月分别减少至1.67(P<0.05)及1.82(P<0.05)。BOP阳性率由术前的37.2%,在术后一个月及三个月分别下降至13.2%(P<0.05)和16.8%(P<0.05)。结论:全口超声龈下刮治两次法短期可改善老年轻中度牙周炎患者的牙龈出血及附着水平,牙周袋探诊深度也有减少的趋势,同时相对于传统的分区龈下刮治及根面平整术,可减少患者复诊次数。     

Vector和P5治疗仪行龈下刮治术对疗效及牙科畏惧水平的影响

目的为临床选择牙周基础治疗龈下刮治术的方式提供参考。方法将35例轻中度慢性牙周炎患者随机分为2组,行口腔卫生宣教及全口超声龈上洁治,并填写牙科畏惧量表（dental fear survey,DFS）评估患者畏惧水平。2组患者分别使用Vector治疗仪和P5治疗仪进行龈下刮治术,术后再次填写DFS。治疗前及治疗后1个月监测菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）和探诊深度（probing depth,PD）等各项临床指标,监测治疗前后临床指标及患者心理畏惧水平的变化。结果患者使用Vector系统和P5系统进行龈下刮治后各项临床指标均较术前明显改善（P〈0．05）,2组间BOP和PD变化的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,PLI的改善Vector组优于P5组（P〈0．05）。Vector组治疗后患者DFS得分由51．28±19．61降低为49．16±17．21,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;P5组治疗后患者DFS得分由49．41±16．14增加至50．82±15．86,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2组DFS得分变化的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在轻中度慢性牙周炎龈下刮治术中,Vector系统与P5系统均可获得确切的临床疗效,均不会增加患者在龈下刮治过程中的畏惧水平,而保持患者心理状态的稳定性。     

龈下刮治配合补肾固齿丸治疗中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效评价

目的：探讨龈下刮治配合补肾固齿丸对中、重度牙周炎的短期治疗效果。方法：纳入中、重度牙周炎患者共44例,随机分为两组,每位患者选择2颗指数牙。所有患者试验前均进行龈上洁治和龈下刮治,试验组同时给予口服补肾固齿丸4g／次,2次／日,连服3个月。测定治疗前后指数牙的探诊出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）及其牙槽骨平均灰度值（MGVs）。结果：试验组BOP阳性率、PD和AL均较治疗前有明显下降（P〈0．05）,而MGVs升高（尸〈0．05）。对照组治疗后BOP阳性率和PD明显降低（P〈0．05）,但AL及MGVs无明显改善（P〉0．05）。试验组与对照组对中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效有显著差异@〈0．05）。结论：龈下刮治配合口服补肾固齿丸治疗中、重度牙周炎的短期疗效明显优于单纯龈下刮治组,可能与补。肾固齿丸能促进牙槽骨新骨形成、降低AL有关。     

VECTOR牙周治疗仪治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效观察

目的　观察VECTOR牙周治疗仪治疗慢性牙周炎的临床效果。方法　 选择慢性牙周炎患者30例,随机分成VECTOR牙周治疗仪组和Grace龈下刮治器组,分别在治疗后3、6个月复查牙周探诊出血(BOP)及牙周探诊深度(PD),同时记录临床症状和体征,摄片并进行有效评定。结果　 在术后3、6个月的复查中,VECTOR牙周治疗仪组和Grace龈下刮治器组在改善牙周临床指数上无明显统计学差异。结论　 VECTOR牙周治疗仪和Grace龈下刮治器在治疗慢性牙周炎上均能达到良好的临床效果。     

Boric Acid Irrigation as an Adjunct to Mechanical Periodontal Therapy in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The purpose of this single‐masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of boric acid irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbiologic parameters and compare this method with chlorhexidine irrigation and SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Forty‐five systemically healthy patients with CP are included in this study. They were divided into three groups: 1) SRP + saline irrigation (C); 2) SRP + chlorhexidine irrigation (CHX); and 3) SRP + boric acid irrigation (B). To determine an ideal concentration of boric acid, a preclinical analysis was conducted. At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were performed, and subgingival plaque samples were taken. Quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td) was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. Results: The concentration of boric acid is 0.75% in this study. All clinical parameters showed statistically significant reduction at all time points compared to baseline in all groups (P <0.001). Whole‐mouth PD and CAL reduction was similar in all groups at all time points after treatment (P >0.05). The PD and CAL reductions for moderately deep pockets (PD ≥5 and <7) were greater in the B group compared to other groups between baseline and 1 month (P <0.05). For deep pockets (PD ≥7), reductions were similar in the B and CHX groups (P >0.05). BOP (percentage) was significantly lower in the B group compared with the CHX and C groups in the first month after treatment (P <0.001). GI and PI scores were significantly lower in the B and CHX groups compared with the C group at all time points after treatment (P <0.05). The amounts of Pg, Tf, and Td were significantly reduced in all treatment groups after 1 month (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected among the groups for microbiologic parameters at any time points after treatment (P >0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that boric acid could be an alternative to chlorhexidine, and it might be more favorable because boric acid was superior in whole‐mouth BOP as well as PD and CAL reduction for moderate pockets in early time periods.     

Clinical effects of simultaneous ultrasonic scaling and subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine

The clinical and microbial effects of a single episode of simultaneous ultrasonic scaling and subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine (CHX) were studied as a function of clinical probing depth in patients with adult periodontitis. 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive subgingival irrigation under cavitation with either sterile water or 0.12% CHX delivered through the tip of an ultrasonically activated scaler as part of initial periodontal therapy in a double-blind study design. 3 periodontal sites were randomly selected for examination from each patient on the basis of clinical probing depth, with 1 site being selected within each of the following ranges: 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm, and 7-9 mm. Pretreatment and post-treatment (days 14 and 28) clinical assessments included a plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical probing depth (CPD). Subgingival specimens also were collected from 1-3 mm and 4-6 mm sites on a random subset of patients (15 per group). Plaque counts of spirochetes and motile organisms were made by darkfield microscopy. Significant reductions in PI, GI, and CPD were observed among all sites within both treatment groups at 14 and 28 days post-treatment. CHX irrigation resulted in a significantly greater reduction in CPD than did water among sites initially probing 4-6 mm at both 14 and 28 days post-treatment (25% versus 13% and 31% versus 18%, respectively). Spirochete counts were modestly but nonsignificantly reduced at 14 days post-treatment among sites 4-6 mm within both treatment groups. These results suggest that subgingival irrigation with CHX during ultrasonic scaling provides differential clinical benefits that are site-dependent.     

Duraphat对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗疗效观察和疼痛感受评价

目的:观察Duraphat对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗疗效观察和疼痛感受评价。方法:选择80例慢性牙周炎维护期的患者,其全口4个象限每个象限至少各有2颗牙齿, 其邻面至少有1位点探诊深度>4 mm,有探诊出血, 根据随机表将4个象限随机分常规牙周基础治疗A组和基础治疗结合DuraphatB组两组。根据牙周探诊深度分为PD≥4 mm和PD>6 mm。常规牙周基础治疗组42例, 基础治疗结合Duraphat组38例。记录基线和治疗后1个月和3个月时,入选位点的牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、出血指数及刮治当时的疼痛程度VAS值。比较治疗后与治疗前的差值。结果:牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失和出血指数在治疗后各组都有明显改善,同时患者在治疗中的疼痛程度涂布Duraphat组较常规组VAS值明显降低。结论:Duraphat可以对不同程度的慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗辅助使用,并可以明显降低病人的疼痛感受。     

A novel approach to the use of subgingival controlled-release chlorhexidine delivery in chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial

Background: We aimed to analyze clinical, microbiologic, and serologic effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) chips used as a subgingival controlled‐release delivery device before and immediately after scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: Twenty‐four patients presenting with ≥12 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing were assigned in test or control groups. After prophylaxis, CHX chips (test) or placebo chips (control) were placed in pockets with PD ≥5 mm. Ten days later, SRP was performed in all teeth with PD ≥4 mm in a single appointment. Immediately after SRP, new chips were inserted in all pockets with PD ≥5 mm. Parameters were assessed at baseline; beginning of SRP; and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline; beginning of SRP; and at 1 month after treatment. Periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were analyzed. Serum levels of high sensitive C‐reactive and lipopolysaccharide‐binding proteins were measured. The changes of the parameters between and within the groups were tested by Mann‐Whitney U test (P <0.05). Results: All clinical and serologic parameters improved in both groups over time. There was a significant difference in clinical attachment level (CAL) gain from baseline to 6 months between groups (1.17 mm in the test group versus 0.79 mm in the placebo group) (P <0.05). The treatment with CHX chips showed a greater reduction of the microorganisms of the “red complex” after 1 month (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The use of CHX chips before and immediately after SRP improved CAL and reduced the subgingival microorganisms of the red complex in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.     

Effects of Nd:YAG and CO2 laser treatment and ultrasonic scaling on periodontal pockets of chronic periodontitis patients

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Nd:YAG and CO2 laser treatment to that of ultrasonic scaling used as monotherapies by examining clinical parameters, subgingival microflora, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). METHODS: Eighteen patients, each of whom had 2 or more sites with probing depth measuring > 5 mm, were included this clinical trial. The 41 sites were randomly assigned treatment with either Nd:YAG laser alone (n = 14, 100 mj, 20 pps, 2.0 W, 120 seconds), CO2 laser alone (n = 13, 2.0 W, 120 seconds), or ultrasonic scaling alone (n = 14, maximum power, 120 seconds). At baseline and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks, clinical measurements (plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; probing depth, PD; clinical attachment level, CAL; and bleeding on probing, BOP) were performed and subgingival plaque and GCF sampled. A quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. The amounts of IL-1beta were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Decreased inflammation and PD were observed in all 3 groups after treatment. A microbiological analysis indicated significant decreases in P. gingivalis in the Nd:YAG and scaling groups at 1, 4, and 12 weeks compared to baseline (P < 0.05). The amount of GCF significantly decreased in the Nd:YAG and scaling groups at 12 weeks. The amount of IL-1beta increased in the CO2 group from baseline to 1 week (P < 0.05). The Nd:YAG group tended to show a decrease in IL-1beta from 1 to 12 weeks, although these data were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Nd:YAG laser and ultrasonic scaling treatments showed significant improvements regarding the clinical parameters and subgingival microflora compared to the baseline, but no significant difference was observed between the 3 groups.     

Clinical and microbiologic results 12 months after scaling and root planing with different irrigation solutions in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis: a pilot randomized trial

Background: The aim of this study is to determine in a randomized trial the impact on treatment outcome after 12 months of different subgingival irrigation solutions during scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: Fifty‐one adult volunteers with generalized chronic periodontitis were treated by full‐mouth SRP using 0.9% sodium chloride, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, or 7.5% povidone–iodine for subgingival irrigation during SRP. Before SRP and after 3 and 12 months, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Results: PD, CAL, and BOP were significantly improved in all groups after 12 months (P <0.001 to P = 0.044). No significant differences were seen among the groups for all sites and sites with 4 to 6 mm PD at baseline. The povidone–iodine group had the highest clinical improvements. The counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were significantly reduced after 12 months (P = 0.045 and P = 0.002) using povidone–iodine. Significant differences between the groups were seen after 3 months for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, and after 12 months for T. forsythia. Conclusions: No differences were seen among the groups in the clinical results after 12 months. Regarding the microbiologic results, a slight benefit seemed to derive from the use of povidone–iodine.     

光动力疗法辅助治疗Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期牙周炎的临床效果评价

目的: 探讨光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy,PDT）辅助龈下刮治术（subgingival scaling and root planning,SRP）在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期牙周炎治疗中的临床效果。方法: 根据2018年牙周病新分类,选择Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期牙周炎患者,经龈上洁治1周后,记录牙周探诊深度（probing depth, PD）、牙龈指数（gingival index, GI）和探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）为基线。将患者分为3组,SRP组进行SRP治疗;PDT1组在SRP后即刻对口内所有PD≥5 mm的位点进行PDT;PDT2组在SRP+PDT后6周,对原位点再进行1次PDT。基线治疗后3、6个月复查,比较PD、GI和BOP阳性率的变化。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 共纳入30例患者、1 289个位点。SRP组、PDT1组和PDT2组各10例患者,位点数分别为476个（36.9%）、384个（29.8%）和429个（33.3%）。3组治疗后3个月、6个月复查时,PD、GI、BOP阳性率较基线均显著降低（P<0.05）; 6个月与3个月的复查结果无显著差异。PD≥5 mm的位点,PDT1组和PDT2组可以显著降低患牙的GI和BOP阳性率（P<0.05）;PD≥7 mm时,PDT2组PD显著降低（P<0.05）。结论: 对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期牙周炎,PDT辅助SRP治疗可以获得比单纯SRP更好的临床效果。     

Differential clinical treatment outcome after systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in patients harboring Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and/or Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract. 48 adult patients with untreated periodontitis harboring subgingival Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and/or Porphyromonas gingivalis as assessed by PCR were randomly assigned to receive full-mouth sealing alone (control) or scaling with systemic metronidazole plus amoxicillin and supragingival irrigation with chlorhexidine digluconate (test). In patients harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans intraorally at baseline, the adjunctive antimicrobial therapy resulted in a significantly higher incidence of probing attachment level (PAL) gain of 2 mm or more compared to scaling alone over 12 months (P< 0.05). In addition, suppression of A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque below delectable levels was associated with an increased incidence of PAL gain. In contrast, patients initially harboring P. gingivalis but not A. actinomycetemcomitans in the oral cavity showed a significantly higher incidence of PAL loss following adjunctive antimicrobial therapy compared to scaling alone (P<0.05). When the presence of pathogens at baseline was disregarded in the analysis, adjunctive antimicrobial therapy did not significantly enhance clinical treatment outcome. The results indicated that adults with untreated periodontitis harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans may benefit from the adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for a minimum of 12 months, whereas, the regimen may adversely affect the clinical treatment outcome of patients harboring P. gingivalis but not A. actinomycetemcomitans.