剥夺异相睡眠对大鼠空间参考记忆的影响

目的 探讨剥夺异相睡眠(PSD)是否损害大鼠空间参考记忆。方法 26只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：剥夺异相睡眠组(PSD，n＝9)；采用小平台水环境法(flower pot technique)建立剥夺异相睡眠大鼠模型；太平台对照组(TC，n＝8)；置于太平台水环境建立对照；正常对照组(CC，n＝9)。3组大鼠在Morris水迷宫中进行对比，观察游泳距离、潜伏期、游泳速度等指标。结果 PSD组游泳距离较CC组和TC组长。结论 说明PSD对大鼠空间参考记忆有损害。     

睡眠剥夺对小鼠学习与记忆功能及海马突触素Ⅰ表达的影响

目的 观察睡眠剥夺对小鼠空间学习与记忆以及海马突触素Ⅰ(synapsin Ⅰ)表达的影响.方法 20只健康雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为两组:(1)剥夺睡眠组(SD,n=10),采用"轻触法"剥夺小鼠睡眠;(2)普通鼠笼对照组(CC,n=10).采用Morris水迷宫进行航行定位实验测定各组小鼠的平均逃避潜伏期、游泳速度,并进行空间探索实验测定动物在月台所在象限时间的百分比.通过Western blot方法检测小鼠海马结构突触素Ⅰ的表达.结果 睡眠剥夺组鼠到达月台的平均潜伏期大于对照组,而在月台所在象限时间的百分比明显低于对照组(P<0.05).睡眠剥夺组鼠海马结构突触囊素Ⅰ的相对含量较对照组低(P<0.01).结论 睡眠剥夺可能通过影响海马的突触可塑性而降低实验动物的空间学习和记忆能力.     

异相睡眠剥夺对大鼠空间学习记忆的影响

目的探讨异相睡眠在空间学习记忆中的作用及其可能的神经中枢胆碱能机制.方法雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为异相睡眠剥夺组(PSD组)、大平台对照组(TC组)、正常对照组(CC组),应用Morris水迷宫观察3组动物学习能力行为活动的变化,应用免疫组化方法研究3组动物学习后海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)的表达.结果①从第2天开始,各组的训练成绩逐渐呈不同程度的提高,各个入水点第一次的参数统计显示,PSD组的记忆获得水平明显低于其他两组(P<0.01),但第二次各组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).②海马的ChAT免疫组化结果:PSD组海马ChAT免疫阳性神经元分布稀疏,高倍视野下阳性细胞数低于其他两组(P<0.05);TC组和CC组海马ChAT免疫阳性神经元数无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论剥夺异相睡眠会造成大鼠空间参考记忆的获得和巩固障碍,而对同一任务的空间工作记忆无影响.剥夺异相睡眠引起海马的胆碱能神经系统的活动障碍,可能与海马依赖性任务的学习记忆障碍有关.     

剥夺异相睡眠导致大鼠海马中神经元性一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞表达减少与记忆维持

目的: 揭示记忆是否在异相睡眠中得到加强和巩固,取消异相睡眠是否导致记忆维持能力下降及其下降的机制. 神经元性一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS)是否参与记忆中枢海马结构调节,剥夺异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep deprivation,PSD)是否改变它们在海马的表达. 方法: ①采用小平台法建立PSD大鼠动物模型. 应用Morris水迷宫测试系统检测大鼠空间参考记忆获得及维持的变化; ②海马的nNOS免疫组化研究:PSD 24,48和72 h后,立即取脑、固定、行冰冻切片(片厚25 μm)、SABC法免疫组化染色、光镜下进行观察分析、摄像. 结果:①PSD可造成大鼠空间参考记忆维持能力的损伤; ②PSD组大鼠海马中nNOS免疫反应阳性细胞在CA1,CA2,CA3,CA4及锥体细胞层、颗粒层、齿状回稀疏,数目较相应的大平台组(tank control groups, TC group)、正常饲养组(control groups, CC group)明显减少(P<0.05). 而TC组与CC组相比较无明显变化. 结论: ① PSD可以造成大鼠空间记忆的巩固障碍,异相睡眠与空间记忆维持有关; ② PSD可以造成海马nNOS阳性细胞的表达减少,海马中的nNOS可能参与了大鼠空间记忆巩固的过程.     

大豆磷脂酰胆碱提高幼年大鼠学习记忆能力及海马突触素的表达

目的:观察大豆磷脂酰胆碱(SB-pc)对幼年大鼠海马结构突触素(SYN)的免疫表达和空间辨别性学习记忆能力的影响. 方法:5 wk龄雄性Wistar大鼠21只,随机分为3组:①SB-pc添加喂养组(PC,n=8);②迷宫对照组(MC, n=7);③正常对照组(NC, n=6). 喂养8 wk,PC组和MC组大鼠在Morris水迷宫中进行连续4 d的空间辨别性学习记忆能力检测,计算机分析系统自动记录逃避潜伏期(escape latency, EL)等相关参数,分析大鼠行为变化. 用免疫组织化学方法检测PC、MC和NC各组大鼠海马结构SYN的免疫表达. 结果:逃避潜伏期(EL):PC组与MC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01). SYN免疫表达:PC组与MC组比较,大鼠海马结构各区SYN免疫反应阳性产物的吸光度值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01); MC组与NC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01). 结论:添加SB-pc喂养幼年大鼠,可促进其海马结构突触的增长,使SYN的免疫表达增强,提高了突触的可塑性,从而提高幼年大鼠的空间辨别性学习记忆能力.     

异相睡眠剥夺对大鼠空间学习记忆的影响

目的探讨异相睡眠在空间学习记忆中的作用及其可能的神经中枢胆碱能机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为异相睡眠剥夺组 (PSD组 )、大平台对照组 (TC组 )、正常对照组 (CC组 ) ,应用Morris水迷宫观察 3组动物学习能力行为活动的变化 ,应用免疫组化方法研究 3组动物学习后海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶 (ChAT)的表达。结果①从第 2天开始 ,各组的训练成绩逐渐呈不同程度的提高 ,各个入水点第一次的参数统计显示 ,PSD组的记忆获得水平明显低于其他两组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但第二次各组之间无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。②海马的ChAT免疫组化结果 :PSD组海马ChAT免疫阳性神经元分布稀疏 ,高倍视野下阳性细胞数低于其他两组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;TC组和CC组海马ChAT免疫阳性神经元数无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论剥夺异相睡眠会造成大鼠空间参考记忆的获得和巩固障碍 ,而对同一任务的空间工作记忆无影响。剥夺异相睡眠引起海马的胆碱能神经系统的活动障碍 ,可能与海马依赖性任务的学习记忆障碍有关。     

睡眠剥夺后大鼠下丘脑Orexin-A神经元的表达及其对学习记忆的影响

目的 探讨大鼠睡眠剥夺后下丘脑Orexin-A的表达及其对空间学习记忆能力的影响.方法 健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组(CC)、环境对照组(TC)、睡眠剥夺组(SD).采用间歇性跑步机进行72 h全睡眠剥夺.免疫组化观察各组大鼠下丘脑Orexin-A表达,Morris水迷宫试验测试各组大鼠的空间学习记忆...     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠心肌细胞bcl-2、bax表达的影响及相关机制的研究

目的:探讨睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)对大鼠心肌细胞bcl-2、bax表达的影响.方法:利用"小平台水环境法"(flower pot)建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,将实验大鼠随机分为睡眠剥夺1、3、5、7日组及大平台对照组、正常对照组共6组,用免疫组织化学方法观察睡眠剥夺后心肌细胞bcl-2、 bax基因表达的变化.结果:睡眠剥夺各组 bcl-2、bax活性均高于大平台对照组及正常对照组(P<0.05),睡眠剥夺5日组心肌细胞bax表达达到最高值,睡眠剥夺7日组心肌细胞bax表达有降低趋势. 睡眠剥夺各组心肌细胞bcl-2表达随睡眠剥夺时间的延长而逐渐降低.大平台对照组与正常对照组比较无差异(P>0.05).结论:睡眠剥夺可引起心肌细胞凋亡,并通过此途径导致心肌细胞死亡.睡眠剥夺引起的心肌细胞凋亡机制与bax大量表达、bcl-2/bax比值降低有关.     

快速眼球运动睡眠剥夺对大鼠下丘脑背内侧核神经肽S表达的影响

目的 探讨快速眼球运动(rapid eye movement,REM)睡眠剥夺后大鼠下丘脑背内侧核神经肽S(neuropeptide S,NPS)表达的变化.方法 24只大鼠随机均分为正常对照(CC)组、环境对照(TC)组、REM睡眠剥夺(SD)组,采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法建立大鼠REM睡眠剥夺模型,运用免疫组织化学分析法及原位杂交法观察大鼠经3 d REM睡眠剥夺后下丘脑内NPS蛋白及mRNA的表达变化.结果 NPS蛋白及mRNA的表达在CC组和TC组没有显著差异.REM睡眠剥夺后,大鼠下丘脑背内侧核内的NPS蛋白及mRNA表达上调,SD组下丘脑背内侧核内NPS蛋白及mRNA阳性细胞数分别为(27.86±2.47)和(25.75±2.12),较CC组(16.75±2.12和19.63±1.85)、TC组(18.60±1.60和18.50±1.69)升高(P＜0.05).结论 REM睡眠剥夺后下丘脑内觉醒相关区域NPS表达增加,说明当REM睡眠减少时机体会主动调节NPS的分泌,提示NPS与睡眠觉醒的调节机制有关.     

睡眠剥夺及睡眠恢复后大鼠视交叉上核星形胶质细胞反应及其与神经元的关系

目的：探索睡眠剥夺及睡眠恢复后大鼠视交叉上核（SCN）星形胶质细胞的反应及其与神经元的关系。方法：采用水环境小平台法建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型，12只大鼠随机分为睡眠剥夺（SD）24h组，睡眠剥夺24h后恢复睡眠（SR）3h组，大平台对照组（TC）和正常饲养组（NC），每组3只。用免疫组化方法检测胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和Fos神经元在SCN的表达变化。结果：睡眠剥夺后GFAP和Fos在SCN表达明显增强，睡眠恢复后两者表达都降低．变化趋势基本一致。结论：星形胶质细胞可能与神经元共同参与睡眠的调节。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.